How I treat the older patient with acute myeloid leukemia

Blood

Volumn 125, Issue 5, 2015, Pages 767-774

  Ossenkoppele, Gert ^a   Löwenberg, Bob ^a  

^a VU UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AMSACRINE; AZACITIDINE; CYTARABINE; DAUNORUBICIN; ETOPOSIDE; IDARUBICIN; MITOXANTRONE; 5 AZA 2' DEOXYCYTIDINE; ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENT;

ACUTE GRANULOCYTIC LEUKEMIA; ADULT; AGE; AGED; ALGORITHM; ALLOGENEIC HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION; CANCER PATIENT; CANCER PROGNOSIS; CASE REPORT; CLINICAL PRACTICE; COMORBIDITY; CYTOGENETICS; FEMALE; GASTROINTESTINAL SYMPTOM; GENOTYPE; HEMATOLOGIST; HUMAN; INJECTION SITE REACTION; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; MULTIPLE CYCLE TREATMENT; PERSONALIZED MEDICINE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; TREATMENT INDICATION; TREATMENT OUTCOME; VIGNETTE; ANALOGS AND DERIVATIVES; CHROMOSOME ANALYSIS; CLINICAL TRIAL (TOPIC); DRUG ADMINISTRATION; GENETICS; LEUKEMIA, MYELOID, ACUTE; MOLECULARLY TARGETED THERAPY; MORTALITY; PROCEDURES; PROGNOSIS; SURVIVAL;

AGED; ANTINEOPLASTIC COMBINED CHEMOTHERAPY PROTOCOLS; AZACITIDINE; CLINICAL TRIALS AS TOPIC; CYTOGENETIC ANALYSIS; DRUG ADMINISTRATION SCHEDULE; FEMALE; HUMANS; INDIVIDUALIZED MEDICINE; LEUKEMIA, MYELOID, ACUTE; MALE; MOLECULAR TARGETED THERAPY; PROGNOSIS; SURVIVAL ANALYSIS; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 84921929872     PISSN: 00064971     EISSN: 15280020     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1182/blood-2014-08-551499     Document Type: Review

References (65)

1. Juliusson G, Lazarevic V, Hörstedt AS, Hagberg O, Höglund M; Swedish Acute Leukemia Registry Group. Acute myeloid leukemia in the real world: why population-based registries are needed. Blood. 2012;119(17):3890-3899.
2. Juliusson G, Antunovic P, Derolf A, et al. Age and acute myeloid leukemia: real world data on decision to treat and outcomes from the Swedish Acute Leukemia Registry. Blood. 2009;113(18): 4179-4187.
3. Löwenberg B, Ossenkoppele GJ, van Putten W, et al; Dutch-Belgian Cooperative Trial Group for Hemato-Oncology (HOVON); German AML Study Group (AMLSG); Swiss Group for Clinical Cancer Research (SAKK) Collaborative Group. High-dose daunorubicin in older patients with acute myeloid leukemia. N Engl J Med. 2009;361(13): 1235-1248.
4. Burnett A, Wetzler M, Löwenberg B. Therapeutic advances in acute myeloid leukemia. J Clin Oncol. 2011;29(5):487-494.
5. Derolf AR, Kristinsson SY, Andersson TM, Landgren O, Dickman PW, Björkholm M. Improved patient survival for acute myeloid leukemia: a population-based study of 9729 patients diagnosed in Sweden between 1973 and 2005. Blood. 2009;113(16):3666-3672.
6. Thein MS, Ershler WB, Jemal A, Yates JW, Baer MR. Outcome of older patients with acute myeloid leukemia: an analysis of SEER data over 3 decades. Cancer. 2013;119(15):2720-2727.
7. Pollyea DA, Kohrt HE, Medeiros BC. Acute myeloid leukaemia in the elderly: a review. Br J Haematol. 2011;152(5):524-542.
8. de Jonge HJ, de Bont ES, Valk PJ, et al. AML at older age: age-related gene expression profiles reveal a paradoxical down-regulation of p16INK4A mRNA with prognostic significance. Blood. 2009;114(14):2869-2877.
9. Rao AV, Valk PJM, Metzeler KH, et al. Agespecific differences in oncogenic pathway dysregulation and anthracycline sensitivity in patients with acute myeloid leukemia. J Clin Oncol. 2009;27(33):5580-5586.
10. Juliusson G; Swedish AML Group. Most 70- to 79-year-old patients with acute myeloid leukemia do benefit from intensive treatment. Blood. 2011; 117(12):3473-3474.
11. Juliusson G. Older patients with acute myeloid leukemia benefit from intensive chemotherapy: an update from the Swedish Acute Leukemia Registry. Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk. 2011; 11(Suppl 1):S54-S59.
12. Quintás-Cardama A, Ravandi F, Liu-Dumlao T, et al. Epigenetic therapy is associated with similar survival compared with intensive chemotherapy in older patients with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia. Blood. 2012;120(24):4840-4845.
13. Wheatley K, Brookes CL, Howman AJ, et al; United Kingdom National Cancer Research Institute Haematological Oncology Clinical Studies Group and Acute Myeloid Leukaemia Subgroup. Prognostic factor analysis of the survival of elderly patients with AML in the MRC AML11 and LRF AML14 trials. Br J Haematol. 2009;145(5):598-605.
14. Röllig C, Thiede C, Gramatzki M, et al; Study Alliance Leukemia. A novel prognostic model in elderly patients with acute myeloid leukemia: results of 909 patients entered into the prospective AML96 trial. Blood. 2010;116(6): 971-978.
15. Kantarjian H, O'brien S, Cortes J, et al. Results of intensive chemotherapy in 998 patients age 65 years or older with acute myeloid leukemia or high-risk myelodysplastic syndrome: predictive prognostic models for outcome. Cancer. 2006; 106(5):1090-1098.
16. Malfuson JV, Etienne A, Turlure P, et al; Acute Leukemia French Association (ALFA). Risk factors and decision criteria for intensive chemotherapy in older patients with acute myeloid leukemia. Haematologica. 2008;93(12): 1806-1813.
17. Giles FJ, Borthakur G, Ravandi F, et al. The haematopoietic cell transplantation comorbidity index score is predictive of early death and survival in patients over 60 years of age receiving induction therapy for acute myeloid leukaemia. Br J Haematol. 2007;136(4): 624-627.
18. Walter RB, Othus M, Borthakur G, et al. Prediction of early death after induction therapy for newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia with pretreatment risk scores: a novel paradigm for treatment assignment. J Clin Oncol. 2011;29(33): 4417-4423.
19. Klepin HD, Geiger AM, Tooze JA, et al. Geriatric assessment predicts survival for older adults receiving induction chemotherapy for acute myelogenous leukemia. Blood. 2013;121(21): 4287-4294.
20. Sherman AE, Motyckova G, Fega KR, et al. Geriatric assessment in older patients with acute myeloid leukemia: a retrospective study of associated treatment and outcomes. Leuk Res. 2013;37(9):998-1003.
21. Othus M, Kantarjian H, Petersdorf S, et al. Declining rates of treatment-related mortality in patients with newly diagnosed AML given 'intense' induction regimens: a report from SWOG and MD Anderson. Leukemia. 2014;28(2):289-292.
22. Gröschel S, Lugthart S, Schlenk RF, et al. High EVI1 expression predicts outcome in younger adult patients with acute myeloid leukemia and is associated with distinct cytogenic abnormalities. J Clin Oncol. 2010;28(12):2101-2107.
23. Lugthart S, van Drunen E, van Norden Y, et al. High EVI1 levels predict adverse outcome in acute myeloid leukemia: prevalence of EVI1 overexpression and chromosome 3q26 abnormalities underestimated. Blood. 2008; 111(8):4329-4337.
24. Middeke JM, Fang M, Cornelissen JJ, et al. Outcome of patients with abnl(17p) acute myeloid leukemia after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Blood. 2014;123(19):2960-2967.
25. Breems DA, Van Putten WL, De Greef GE, et al. Monosomal karyotype in acute myeloid leukemia: a better indicator of poor prognosis than a complex karyotype. J Clin Oncol. 2008;26(29): 4791-4797.
26. Medeiros BC, Othus M, Fang M, Roulston D, Appelbaum FR. Prognostic impact of monosomal karyotype in young adult and elderly acute myeloid leukemia: the Southwest Oncology Group (SWOG) experience. Blood. 2010;116(13): 2224-2228.
27. Breems DA, Van Putten WL, Löwenberg B. The impact of abn(17p) and monosomy -5/del(5q) on the prognostic value of the monosomal karyotype in acute myeloid leukemia. Blood. 2013;121(15): 3056-3057.
28. Löwenberg B, Zittoun R, Kerkhofs H, et al. On the value of intensive remission induction chemotherapy in elderly patients of 651 yrs. with acute myeloid leukemia. A randomized phase III study (AML-7) of the EORTC Leukemia Group. J Clin Oncol. 1989;7(9): 1268-1274.
29. Burnett AK, Russell NH, Hunter AE, et al; UK National Cancer Research Institute AML Working Group. Clofarabine doubles the response rate in older patients with acute myeloid leukemia but does not improve survival. Blood. 2013;122(8): 1384-1394.
30. Burnett AK, Hills RK, Hunter AE, et al; UK National Cancer Research Institute AML Working Group. The addition of gemtuzumab ozogamicin to low-dose Ara-C improves remission rate but does not significantly prolong survival in older patients with acute myeloid leukaemia: results from the LRF AML14 and NCRI AML16 pick-a-winner comparison. Leukemia. 2013;27(1):75-81.
31. Walter RB, Kantarjian HM, Huang X, et al. Effect of complete remission and responses less than complete remission on survival in acute myeloid leukemia: a combined Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group, Southwest Oncology Group, and M. D. Anderson Cancer Center Study. J Clin Oncol. 2010;28(10):1766-1771.
32. Cornelissen JJ, Breems D, van Putten WL, et al. Comparative analysis of the value of allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation in acute myeloid leukemia with monosomal karyotype versus other cytogenetic risk categories. J Clin Oncol. 2012;30(17):2140-2146.
33. Cornelissen JJ, Gratwohl A, Schlenk RF, et al. The European LeukemiaNet AML Working Party consensus statement on allogeneic HSCT for patients with AML in remission: an integrated-risk adapted approach. Nat Rev Clin Oncol. 2012; 9(10):579-590.
34. Cornelissen JJ, Versluis J, Passweg JR, et al; HOVON and SAKK Leukemia Groups. Comparative therapeutic value of post remission approaches in patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia aged 40-60 years, Submitted.
35. Wouters BJ, Löwenberg B, Erpelinck-Verschueren CAJ, van Putten WLJ, Valk PJM, Delwel R. Double CEBPA mutations, but not single CEBPA mutations, define a subgroup of acute myeloid leukemia with a distinctive gene expression profile that is uniquely associated with a favorable outcome. Blood. 2009;113(13): 3088-3091.
36. Dufour A, Schneider F, Metzeler KH, et al. Acute myeloid leukemia with biallelic CEBPA gene mutations and normal karyotype represents a distinct genetic entity associated with a favorable clinical outcome. J Clin Oncol. 2010; 28(4):570-577.
37. Pastore F, Dufour A, Benthaus T, et al. Combined molecular and clinical prognostic index for relapse and survival in cytogenetically normal acute myeloid leukemia. J Clin Oncol. 2014;32(15): 1586-1594.
38. Schlenk RF, Taskesen E, van Norden Y, et al. The value of allogeneic and autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in prognostically favorable acute myeloid leukemia with double mutant CEBPA. Blood. 2013;122(9): 1576-1582.
39. Schlenk RF, Döhner K, Krauter J, et al; German-Austrian Acute Myeloid Leukemia Study Group. Mutations and treatment outcome in cytogenetically normal acute myeloid leukemia. N Engl J Med. 2008;358(18):1909-1918.
40. Burnett AK, Goldstone A, Hills RK, et al. Curability of patients with acute myeloid leukemia who did not undergo transplantation in first remission. J Clin Oncol. 2013;31(10):1293-1301.
41. Breems DA, Van Putten WL, Huijgens PC, et al. Prognostic index for adult patients with acute myeloid leukemia in first relapse. J Clin Oncol. 2005;23(9):1969-1978.
42. Xu XQ, Wang JM, Gao L, et al. Characteristics of acute myeloid leukemia with myelodysplasiarelated changes: a retrospective analysis in a cohort of Chinese patients. Am J Hematol. 2014;89(9):874-881.
43. Devillier R, Gelsi-Boyer V, Murati A, et al. Prognostic significance of myelodysplastic-related changes according to the WHO classification among ELN intermediate-risk AML patients. Am J Hematol. 2014;13(September).
44. Burnett AK, Milligan D, Prentice AG, et al. A comparison of low-dose cytarabine and hydroxyurea with or without all-trans retinoic acid for acute myeloid leukemia and high-risk myelodysplastic syndrome in patients not considered fit for intensive treatment. Cancer. 2007;109(6):1114-1124.
45. Fenaux P, Mufti GJ, Hellström-Lindberg E, et al. Azacitidine prolongs overall survival compared with conventional care regimens in elderly patients with low bone marrow blast count acute myeloid leukemia. J Clin Oncol. 2010;28(4): 562-569.
46. Dombret H, Seymour JF, Butrym A, et al. Results of a phase 3, multicenter, randomized, open-label study of azacitidine vs conventional care regimens in older patients with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukimia [abstract]. Haematologica. 2014;99(s1). Abstract LB6212.
47. Kantarjian HM, Thomas XG, Dmoszynska A, et al. Multicenter, randomized, open-label, phase III trial of decitabine versus patient choice, with physician advice, of either supportive care or low-dose cytarabine for the treatment of older patients with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia. J Clin Oncol. 2012;30(21):2670-2677.
48. Thomas XG, Arthur C, Delaunay J, Jones M, Berrak E, Kantarjian HM. A post hoc sensitivity analysis of survival probabilities in a multinational phase III trial of decitabine in older patients with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia. Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk. 2014;14(1):68-72.
49. Bejar R, Lord A, Stevenson K, et al. TET2 mutations predict response to hypomethylating agents in myelodysplastic syndrome patients. Blood. 2014;124(17):2705-2712.
50. Im AP, Sehgal AR, Carroll MP, et al. DNMT3A and IDH mutations in acute myeloid leukemia and other myeloid malignancies: associations with prognosis and potential treatment strategies. Leukemia. 2014;28(9):1774-1783.
51. Blum W, Garzon R, Klisovic RB, et al. Clinical response and miR-29b predictive significance in older AML patients treated with a 10-day schedule of decitabine. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2010; 107(16):7473-7478.
52. Sekeres MA, Stone RM, Zahrieh D, et al. Decision-making and quality of life in older adults with acute myeloid leukemia or advanced myelodysplastic syndrome. Leukemia. 2004; 18(4):809-816.
53. Daver N, Liu Dumlao T, Ravandi F, et al. Effect of NPM1 and FLT3 mutations on the outcomes of elderly patients with acute myeloid leukemia receiving standard chemotherapy. Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk. 2013;13(4):435-440.
54. Becker H, Marcucci G, Maharry K, et al. Favorable prognostic impact of NPM1 mutations in older patients with cytogenetically normal de novo acute myeloid leukemia and associated gene- and microRNA-expression signatures: a Cancer and Leukemia Group B study. J Clin Oncol. 2010;28(4):596-604.
55. Whitman SP, Maharry K, Radmacher MD, et al. FLT3 internal tandem duplication associates with adverse outcome and gene- and microRNAexpression signatures in patients 60 years of age or older with primary cytogenetically normal acute myeloid leukemia: a Cancer and Leukemia Group B study. Blood. 2010;116(18):3622-3626.
56. Marcucci G, Metzeler KH, Schwind S, et al. Age-related prognostic impact of different types of DNMT3A mutations in adults with primary cytogenetically normal acute myeloid leukemia. J Clin Oncol. 2012;30(7):742-750.
57. Metzeler KH, Becker H, Maharry K, et al. ASXL1 mutations identify a high-risk subgroup of older patients with primary cytogenetically normal AML within the ELN Favorable genetic category. Blood. 2011;118(26):6920-6929.
58. Schneider F, Hoster E, Schneider S, et al. Agedependent frequencies of NPM1 mutations and FLT3-ITD in patients with normal karyotype AML (NK-AML). Ann Hematol. 2012;91(1):9-18.
59. Niederwieser C, Kohlschmidt J, Volinia S, et al. Prognostic and biologic significance of DNMT3B expression in older patients with cytogenetically normal primary acute myeloid leukemia [published online ahead of print September 10, 2014]. Leukemia. doi: 10.1038/leu.2014.267.
60. Lazenby M, Gilkes AF, Marrin C, Evans A, Hills RK, Burnett AK. The prognostic relevance of flt3 and npm1 mutations on older patients treated intensively or non-intensively: a study of 1312 patients in the UK NCRI AML16 trial. Leukemia. 2014;28(10):1953-1959.
61. Chou W-C, Chou S-C, Liu C-Y, et al. TET2 mutation is an unfavorable prognostic factor in acute myeloid leukemia patients with intermediate-risk cytogenetics. Blood. 2011; 118(14):3803-3810.
62. Marcucci G, Yan P, Maharry K, et al. Epigenetics meets genetics in acute myeloid leukemia: clinical impact of a novel seven-gene score. J Clin Oncol. 2014;32(6):548-556.
63. Hills RK, Burnett AK. Applicability of a "Pick a Winner" trial design to acute myeloid leukemia. Blood. 2011;118(9):2389-2394.
64. Estey E. Clinical trials in AML of the elderly: should we change our methodology? Leukemia. 2004;18(11):1772-1774.
65. Lauseker M, Hasford J, Pfirrmann M, Hehlmann R; German CML Study Group. The impact of health care settings on survival time of patients with chronic myeloid leukemia. Blood. 2014; 123(16):2494-2496.