Treatment-as-usual (TAU) is anything but usual: A meta-analysis of CBT versus TAU for anxiety and depression

Journal of Affective Disorders

Volumn 175, Issue , 2015, Pages 152-167

  Watts, Sarah E ^a   Turnell, Adrienne ^a   Kladnitski, Natalie ^a   Newby, Jill M ^a   Andrews, Gavin ^a  

^a ST VINCENT S HOSPITAL   (Australia)

Author keywords

Anxiety; Cognitive behavior therapy; Depression; Meta analysis; Treatment as usual

Indexed keywords

ANXIETY DISORDER; CLINICAL EFFECTIVENESS; COGNITIVE THERAPY; DEPRESSION; GENERALIZED ANXIETY DISORDER; HUMAN; HYPOCHONDRIASIS; META ANALYSIS; MIXED ANXIETY AND DEPRESSION; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; PANIC; PHOBIA; POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PSYCHOPHARMACOTHERAPY; REVIEW; SELF HELP; SOCIAL PHOBIA; SYSTEMATIC REVIEW; ANXIETY; ANXIETY DISORDERS; DEPRESSIVE DISORDER; THINKING;

ANXIETY; ANXIETY DISORDERS; COGNITIVE THERAPY; DEPRESSION; DEPRESSIVE DISORDER; HUMANS; THINKING;

EID: 84921497798     PISSN: 01650327     EISSN: 15732517     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2014.12.025     Document Type: Review

References (73)

1. M.E. Addis, C. Hatgis, A.D. Krasnow, K. Jacob, L. Bourne, and A. Mansfield Effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral treatment for panic disorder versus treatment as usual in a managed care setting J. Consult. Clin. Psychol. 72 2004 625 635
2. G. Andrews, P. Cuijpers, M.G. Craske, P. McEvoy, and N. Titov Computer therapy for the anxiety and depressive disorders is effective, acceptable and practical health care: a meta-analysis PLoS One 5 2010 1 6
3. N. Asukai, A. Saito, N. Tsuruta, J. Kishimoto, and T. Nishikawa Efficacy of exposure therapy for Japanese patients with posttraumatic stress disorder due to mixed traumatic events: a randomized controlled study J. Trauma. Stress 23 2010 744 750
4. A.J. Barsky, and D.K. Ahern Cognitive behavior therapy for hypochondriasis: a randomized controlled trial J. Am. Med. Assoc. 291 2004 1464 1470
5. T. Baskin, S. Tierney, T. Minami, and B. Wampold Establishing specificity in psychotherapy: a meta-analysis of structural equivalence of placebo controls J. Consult. Clin. Psychol. 71 2003 973 979
6. A.T. Beck, N. Epstein, G. Brown, and R. Steer An inventory for measuring clinical anxiety: psychometric properties J. Consult. Clin. Psychol. 56 6 1988 893 897
7. A.T. Beck, R.A. Steer, and G.K. Brown Manual for the Beck Depression Inventory-II 1996 Psychological Corporation San Antonio, TX
8. L.F. Berkman, J. Blumenthal, M. Burg, R.M. Carney, D. Catellier, M.J. Cowan, and N. Schneiderman Effects of treating depression and low perceived social support on clinical events after myocardial infarction: the Enhancing Recovery in Coronary Heart Disease Patients (ENRICHD) Randomized Trial J. Am. Med. Assoc. 289 2003 3106 3116
9. M. Bornstein, L. Hedges, L. Higgins, and H. Rothstein Comprehension Meta-Analysis. Version 2 [Computer Software] 2011 Biostat Englewood, NJ
10. A.C. Butler, J.E. Chapman, E.M. Forman, and A.T. Beck The empirical status of cognitive-behavioral therapy: a review of meta-analyses Clin. Psychol. Rev. 26 2006 17 31
11. G. Clarke, C. Kelleher, M. Hornbrook, L. Debar, J. Dickerson, and C. Gullion Randomized effectiveness trial of an Internet, pure self-help, cognitive behavioral intervention for depressive symptoms in young adults Cogn. Behav. Ther. 38 2009 222 234
12. G. Clarke, D. Eubanks, C. Kelleher, E. O'Connor, L.L. DeBar, F. Lynch, and C. Gullion Overcoming depression on the internet (ODIN) (2): a randomized trial of a self-help depression skills program with reminders J. Med. Internet Res. 7 2005 e16
13. C.L. Cooper, D. Hind, G.D. Parry, C.L. Isaac, M. Dimairo, A. O'Cathain, and B. Sharrack Computerised cognitive behavioral therapy for the treatment of depression in people with multiple sclerosis: external pilot trial Trials 12 2011 259
14. J. Cottraux, I. Note, E. Albuisson, S. Yao, B. Note, E. Mollard, and A. Coudert Cognitive behavior therapy versus supportive therapy in social phobia: a randomized controlled trial Psychother. Psychosom. 69 2000 137 146
15. H. Cramer, C. Salisbury, J. Conrad, J. Eldred, and R. Araya Group cognitive behavioral therapy for women with depression: pilot and feasibility study for a randomised controlled trial using mixed methods BMC Psychiatry 11 2011 82 93
16. P. Cuijpers, P.A. Lier, A. Straten, and M. Donker Examining differential effects of psychological treatment of depressive disorder: an application of trajectory analyses J. Affect. Disord. 89 2005 137 146
17. P. Cuijpers, M. Sijbrandij, S. Koole, M. Huibers, M. Berking, and G. Andersson Psychological treatment of generalized anxiety disorder: a meta-analysis Clin. Psychol. Rev. 34 2014 130 140
18. L. De Graaf, S. Gerhards, A. Arntz, H. Riper, J. Metsemakers, S. Evers, and M. Huibers Clinical effectiveness on online computerised cognitive-behavioral therapy without support for depression in primary care: randomised trial Br. J. Psychiatry 195 2009 73 80
19. P.C. Den Boer, D. Wiersma, I. Ten Vaarwerk, M.M. Span, A. Stant, and R.J. Van Den Bosch Cognitive self-therapy for chronic depression and anxiety: a multi-centre randomized controlled study Psychol. Med. 37 2007 329 339
20. J. Difede, L.S. Malta, S. Best, C. Henn-Haase, T. Metzler, R. Bryant, and C. Marmar A randomized controlled clinical treatment trial for World Trade Center attack-related PTSD in disaster workers J. Nerv. Ment. Dis. 195 2007 861 865
21. P.S. Duarte, M.C. Miyazaki, S.L. Blay, and R. Sesso Cognitive-behavioral group therapy is an effective treatment for major depression in hemodialysis patients Kidney Int. 76 2009 414 421
22. M. Dwight-Johnson, E. Aisenberg, D. Golinelli, S. Hong, M. O'Brien, and E. Ludman Telephone-based cognitive-behavioral therapy for Latino patients living in rural areas: a randomized pilot study Psychiatr. Serv. 62 2011 936 942
23. L. Farrer, H. Christensen, K.M. Griffiths, and A. Mackinnon Internet-based CBT for depression with and without telephone tracking in a national helpline: randomised controlled trial PLoS One 6 2011 1 10
24. U. Feske Treating low-income and minority women with posttraumatic stress disorder: a pilot study comparing prolonged exposure and treatment as usual conducted by community therapists J. Interpers. Violence 23 2008 1027 1040
25. C. Flückiger, A.C. Del Re, T. Munder, S. Heer, and B.E. Wampold Enduring effects of evidence-based psychotherapies in acute depression and anxiety disorders versus treatment as usual at follow-up - a longitudinal meta-analysis Clin. Psychol. Rev. 34 2014 367 375
26. D. Forbes, D. Lloyd, R. Nixon, P. Elliott, T. Varker, D. Perry, and M. Creamer A multisite randomized controlled effectiveness trial of cognitive processing therapy for military-related posttraumatic stress disorder J. Anxiety Disord. 26 2012 442 452
27. I. Gava, C. Barbui, E. Aguglia, D. Carlino, R. Churchill, M. De Vanna, and H. McGuire Psychological treatments versus treatment as usual for obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) Cochrane Database Syst. Revi. 2007 Issue 2. Art. no.: CD005333. 10.1002/14651858.CD005333.pub2
28. P. Glasziou, E. Meats, C. Heneghan, and S. Shepperd What is missing from descriptions of treatment in trials and reviews? Br. Med. J. 336 2008 1472 1474
29. P.T. Higgins Julian, G. Altman Douglas, C. Gøtzsche Peter, Jüni Peter, Moher David, and D. Oxman Andrew The Cochrane Collaboration's tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials Br. Med. J. 343 2011 d5928
30. J.P.T. Higgins, S.G. Thompson, J.J. Deeks, and D.G. Altman Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses Br. Med. J. 327 2003 557 560
31. M. Honyashiki, T. Furukawa, H. Noma, S. Tanaka, and P. Chen Specificity of CBT for depression: a contribution from multiple treatments meta-analyses Cogn. Ther. Res. 38 3 2014 249 260
32. L. Hyer, C.A. Yeager, N. Hilton, and A. Sacks Group, individual, and staff therapy: an efficient and effective cognitive behavioral therapy in long-term care Am. J. Alzheimers Dis. Other Dement. 23 2008 528 539
33. M.J. Hynninen, N. Bjerke, S. Pallesen, P.S. Bakke, and I.H. Nordhus A randomized controlled trial of cognitive behavioral therapy for anxiety and depression in COPD Respir. Med. 104 2010 986 994
34. D. Kessler, G. Lewis, S. Kaur, N. Wiles, M. King, S. Weich, and T.J. Peters Therapist-delivered internet psychotherapy for depression in primary care: a randomised controlled trial Lancet 374 2009 628 634
35. R.C. Kessler, M. Petukhova, N.A. Sampson, A.M. Zaslavsky, and H. Wittchen Twelve-month and lifetime prevalence and lifetime morbid risk of anxiety and mood disorders in the United States Int. J. Methods Psychiatr. Res. 21 2012 169 184
36. K. Laidlaw, K. Davidson, H. Toner, G. Jackson, S. Clark, J. Law, and S. Cross A randomised controlled trial of cognitive behavior therapy vs treatment as usual in the treatment of mild to moderate late life depression Int. J. Geriatr. Psychiatry 23 2008 843 850
37. A. Le Henanff, B. Giraudeau, G. Baron, and P. Ravaud Quality of reporting of noninferiority and equivalence randomized trials J. Am. Med. Assoc. 295 2006 1147 1151
38. N.B. Lincoln, and T. Flannaghan Cognitive behavioral psychotherapy for depression following stroke: a randomized controlled trial Stroke 34 2003 111 115
39. T.J. Meyer, M.L. Miller, R.L. Metzger, and Thomas D. Borkovec Development and validation of the penn state worry questionnaire Behav. Res. Ther. 28 6 1990 487 495
40. I.W. Miller, W.H. Norman, and G.I. Keitner Cognitive-behavioral treatment of depressed inpatients: six- and twelve-month follow-up Am. J. Psychiatry 146 1989 1274 1279
41. D. Moher, A. Liberati, J. Tetzlaff, and D.G. Altman Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement Br. Med. J. 339 2009 332 336
42. D.C. Mohr, T. Carmody, L. Erickson, L. Jin, and J. Leader Telephone-administered cognitive behavioral therapy for veterans served by community-based outpatient clinics J. Consult. Clin. Psychol. 79 2011 261 265
43. D.C. Mohr, W. Likosky, A. Bertagnolli, D.E. Goodkin, J. Van Der Wende, P. Dwyer, and L.P. Dick Telephone-administered cognitive-behavioral therapy for the treatment of depressive symptoms in multiple sclerosis J. Consult. Clin. Psychol. 68 2000 356 361
44. E. Mortberg, D. Clark, O. Sundin, and A. Wistedt Intensive group cognitive treatment and individual cognitive therapy vs. treatment as usual in social phobia: a randomized controlled trial Acta Psychiatr. Scand. 115 2007 142 154
45. K.T. Mueser, S.D. Rosenberg, H. Xie, M. Jankowski, E.E. Bolton, W. Lu, and R. Wolfe A randomized controlled trial of cognitive-behavioral treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder in severe mental illness J. Consult. Clin. Psychol. 76 2008 259 271
46. F. Mukhtar, T.P. Oei, and M. Yaacob Effectiveness of group cognitive behavior therapy augmentation in reducing negative cognitions in the treatment of depression in Malaysia ASEAN J. Psychiatry 12 2011 50 65
47. N. Nacasch, E.B. Foa, J.D. Huppert, D. Tzur, L. Fostick, Y. Dinstein, and J. Zohar Prolonged exposure therapy for combat- and terror-related posttraumatic stress disorder: a randomized control comparison with treatment as usual J. Clin. Psychiatry 72 2011 1174 1180
48. NICE Treatment and Management of Depression in Adults, Including Adults with a Chronic Physical Health Problem 2009 National Collaborating Centre for Mental Health UK
49. NICE Generalised Anxiety Disorder and Panic Disorder (With or Without Agoraphobia) in Adults. Management in Primary, Secondary and Community Care 2011 National Collaborating Centre for Mental Health and the National Collaborating Centre for Primary Care UK
50. M.B. Parloff Placebo controls in psychotherapy research: a sine qua non or a placebo for research problems? J. Consult. Clin. Psychol. 54 1986 79 87
51. M.J. Power, and C. Freeman A randomized controlled trial of IPT versus CBT in primary care: with some cautionary notes about handling missing values in clinical trials Clin. Psychol. Psychother. 19 2012 159 169
52. J. Proudfoot, D. Goldberg, A. Mann, B. Everitt, I. Marks, and J.A. Gray Computerized, interactive, multimedia cognitive-behavioral program for anxiety and depression in general practice Psychol. Med. 33 2003 217 227
53. J. Proudfoot, C. Ryden, B. Everitt, D.A. Shapiro, D. Goldberg, A. Mann, and J.A. Gray Clinical efficacy of computerised cognitive-behavioral therapy for anxiety and depression in primary care: randomised controlled trial Br. J. Psychiatry 185 2004 46 54
54. J. Rieu, E. Bui, V. Rouch, K. Faure, P. Birmes, and L. Schmitt Efficacy of ultrabrief cognitive and behavioral therapy performed by psychiatric residents on depressed inpatients Psychother. Psychosom. 80 2011 374 376
55. D. Rosenthal, and J.D. Frank Psychotherapy and the placebo effect Psychol. Bull. 53 1956 294 302
56. P. Roy-Byrne, M.G. Craske, G. Sullivan, R.D. Rose, M.J. Edlund, A.J. Lang, and M.B. Stein Delivery of evidence-based treatment for multiple anxiety disorders in primary care: a randomized controlled trial J. Am. Med. Assoc. 303 2010 1921 1928
57. P.P. Roy-Byrne, M.G. Craske, M.B. Stein, G. Sullivan, A. Bystritsky, W. Katon, and C.D. Sherbourne A randomized effectiveness trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy and medication for primary care panic disorder Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 62 2005 290 298
58. S.A. Safren, C. O'Cleirigh, J.Y. Tan, S.R. Raminani, L.C. Reilly, M.W. Otto, and K.H. Mayer A randomized controlled trial of cognitive behavioral therapy for adherence and depression (CBT-AD) in HIV-infected individuals Health Psychol. 28 2009 1 10
59. K.F. Schulz, D.G. Altman, D. Moher Group for the CONSORT CONSORT 2010 statement: updated guidelines for reporting parallel group randomised trials Br. Med. J. 340 2010 698 702
60. A.I. Scott, and C.P. Freeman Edinburgh primary care depression study: treatment outcome, patient satisfaction, and cost after 16 weeks Br. Med. J. 304 1992 883 887
61. C. Scott, M.J. Tacchi, R. Jones, and J. Scott Acute and one-year outcome of a randomised controlled trial of brief cognitive therapy for major depressive disorder in primary care Br. J. Psychiatry 171 1997 131 134
62. M.A. Serfaty, D. Haworth, M. Blanchard, M. Buszewicz, S. Murad, and M. King Clinical effectiveness of individual cognitive behavioral therapy for depressed older people in primary care: a randomized controlled trial Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 66 2009 1332 1340
63. G.E. Simon, E.J. Ludman, S. Tutty, B. Operskalski, and M. Korff Telephone psychotherapy and telephone care management for primary care patients starting antidepressant treatment: a randomized controlled trial J. Am. Med. Assoc. 292 2004 935 942
64. J.M. Simoni, J.S. Wiebe, J.A. Sauceda, D. Huh, G. Sanchez, V. Longoria, and S.A. Safren A preliminary RCT of CBT-AD for adherence and depression among HIV-positive Latinos on the U.S.-Mexico border: the Nuevo Dia study AIDS Behav. 17 2013 2816 2829
65. W. Songprakun, and T. McCann Evaluation of a cognitive behavioral self-help manual for reducing depression: a randomized controlled trial J. Psychiatr. Ment. Health Nurs. 19 2012 647 653
66. M.A. Stanley, D.R. Hopko, G.J. Diefenbach, S.L. Bourland, H. Rodriguez, and P. Wagener Cognitive-behavior therapy for late-life generalized anxiety disorder in primary care: preliminary findings Am. J. Geriatr. Psychiatry 11 2003 92 96
67. M.A. Stanley, N.L. Wilson, D.M. Novy, H.M. Rhoades, P.D. Wagener, A.J. Greisinger, and M.E. Kunik Cognitive behavior therapy for generalized anxiety disorder among older adults in primary care: a randomized clinical trial J. Am. Med. Assoc. 301 2009 1460 1467
68. D.F. Tolin Is cognitive-behavioral therapy more effective than other therapies? a meta-analytic review Clin. Psychol. Rev. 30 2010 710 720
69. M. Van Beek, R. Voshaar, A. Beek, G. van Zijderveld, S. Visser, A. Speckens, and A. van Balkom A brief cognitive-behavioral intervention for treating depression and panic disorder in patients with noncardiac chest pain: a 24-week randomized controlled trial Depress. Anxiety 30 2013 670 678
70. B.E. Wampold, S.L. Budge, K.M. Laska, A.C. Del Re, T.P. Baardseth, C. Fluckiger, and W. Gunn Evidence-based treatments for depression and anxiety versus treatment-as-usual: a meta-analysis of direct comparisons Clin. Psychol. Rev. 31 2011 1304 1312
71. E. Ward, M. King, M. Lloyd, P. Bower, B. Sibbald, S. Farrelly, and J. Addington-Hall Randomised controlled trial of non-directive counselling, cognitive-behavior therapy, and usual general practitioner care for patients with depression. I: clinical effectiveness Br. Med. J. 321 2000 1383 1388
72. H.A. Whiteford, L. Degenhardt, J. Rehm, A.J. Baxter, A.J. Ferrari, H.E. Erskine, and T. Vos Global burden of disease attributable to mental and substance use disorders: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010 The Lancet 382 2013 1575 1586
73. N. Wiles, L. Thomas, A. Abel, N. Ridgway, N. Turner, J. Campbell, and G. Lewis Cognitive behavioral therapy as an adjunct to pharmacotherapy for primary care based patients with treatment resistant depression: results of the CoBalT randomised controlled trial The Lancet 381 2013 375 384