'Why don't you try it again?' A comparison of parent led, home based interventions aimed at increasing children's consumption of a disliked vegetable

Appetite

Volumn 87, Issue , 2015, Pages 215-222

  Holley, Clare E ^a   Haycraft, Emma ^a   Farrow, Claire ^b  

^a LOUGHBOROUGH UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

^b ASTON UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Intervention; Non food rewards; Parent led; Repeated exposure; Role modelling; Vegetable

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; CHILD; CONTROLLED STUDY; EXPOSURE; FEMALE; FOOD INTAKE; HOME CARE; HUMAN; MALE; MODEL; PARENT LED HOME BASED INTERVENTION; REWARD; TASTE; VEGETABLE; BODY MASS; CHILD BEHAVIOR; CHILD PARENT RELATION; CLINICAL TRIAL; COMPARATIVE STUDY; DECISION MAKING; FOLLOW UP; FOOD PREFERENCE; PARENT; PRESCHOOL CHILD;

BODY MASS INDEX; CHILD BEHAVIOR; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; CHOICE BEHAVIOR; FEMALE; FOLLOW-UP STUDIES; FOOD PREFERENCES; HUMANS; MALE; PARENTING; PARENTS; REWARD; TASTE; VEGETABLES;

EID: 84921497363     PISSN: 01956663     EISSN: 10958304     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2014.12.216     Document Type: Article

References (61)

1. Addessi E., Galloway A.T., Visalberghi E., Birch L.L. Specific social influences on the acceptance of novel foods in 2-5-year-old children. Appetite 2005, 45(3):264-271.
2. Ahern S.M., Caton S.J., Blundell P., Hetherington M.M. The root of the problem. Increasing root vegetable intake in preschool children by repeated exposure and flavour flavour learning. Appetite 2014, 80:154-160.
3. Añez E., Remington A., Wardle J., Cooke L. The impact of instrumental feeding on children's responses to taste exposure. Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics: The Official Journal of the British Dietetic Association 2013, 26(5):415-420.
4. Bandura A. Self-efficacy. Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychological Review 1977, 84(2):191-215.
5. Birch L.L. Effects of peer models' food choices and eating behaviors on preschoolers' food preferences. Child Development 1980, 51(2):489-496.
6. Birch L.L., Birch D., Marlin D.W., Kramer L. Effects of instrumental consumption on children's food preference. Appetite 1982, 3(2):125-134.
7. Birch L.L., Gunder L., Grimm-Tomas K., Laing D.G., Grimm-Thomas K. Infants' consumption of a new food enhances acceptance of similar foods. Appetite 1998, 30(3):283-295.
8. Birch L.L., McPhee L., Shoba B.C., Pirok E., Steinberg L. What kind of exposure reduces children's food neophobia? Looking vs. tasting. Appetite 1987, 9(3):171-178.
9. Birch L.L., Zimmerman S.I., Hind H. The influence of social-affective context on the formation of children's food preferences. Child Development 1980, 51(3):856-861.
10. Blissett J., Haycraft E., Farrow C. Inducing preschool children's emotional eating. Relations with parental feeding practices. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2010, 92(2):359-365.
11. Cashdan E. Adaptiveness of food learning and food aversions in children. Social Science Information 1998, 37(4):613-632.
12. Caton S.J., Ahern S.M., Remy E., Nicklaus S., Blundell P., Hetherington M.M. Repetition counts. Repeated exposure increases intake of a novel vegetable in UK pre-school children compared to flavour-flavour and flavour-nutrient learning. The British Journal of Nutrition 2013, 109(11):2089-2097.
13. Cohen J. A power primer. Psychological Bulletin 1992, 112(1):155-159.
14. Cole T.J., Freeman J., Preece M.A. Body mass index reference curves for the UK, 1990. Archives of Disease in Childhood 1995, 73(1):25-29.
15. Cooke L.J., Chambers L.C., Anez E.V., Wardle J. Facilitating or undermining? The effect of reward on food acceptance. A Narrative review. Appetite 2011, 57(2):493-497.
16. Cooke L.J., Chambers L.C., Añez E.V., Croker H.A., Boniface D., Yeomans M.R., et al. Eating for pleasure or profit. The effect of incentives on children's enjoyment of vegetables. Psychological Science 2011, 22(2):190-196.
17. Corsini N., Slater A., Harrison A., Cooke L., Cox D.N. Rewards can be used effectively with repeated exposure to increase liking of vegetables in 4-6-year-old children. Public Health Nutrition 2013, 16(5):942-951.
18. Deci E.L., Koestner R., Ryan R.M. A meta-analytic review of experiments examining the effects of extrinsic rewards on intrinsic motivation. Psychological Bulletin 1999, 125(6):627.
19. Draxten M., Fulkerson J.A., Friend S., Flattum C.F., Schow R. Parental role modeling of fruits and vegetables at meals and snacks is associated with children's adequate consumption. Appetite 2014, 78:1-7.
20. Fildes A., van Jaarsveld C.H.M., Wardle J., Cooke L. Parent-administered exposure to increase children's vegetable acceptance. A randomized controlled trial. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics 2013, 114(6):1-8.
21. Freeman J.V, Cole T.J., Chinn S., Jones P.R., White E.M., Preece M.A. Cross sectional stature and weight reference curves for the UK, 1990. Archives of Disease in Childhood 1995, 73(1):17-24.
22. Gregory J.E., Paxton S.J., Brozovic A.M. Maternal feeding practices, child eating behaviour and body mass index in preschool-aged children. A prospective analysis. The International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity 2010, 7(3):55-64.
23. Guenther P.M., Dodd K.W., Reedy J., Krebs-Smith S.M. Most Americans eat much less than recommended amounts of fruits and vegetables. Journal of the American Dietetic Association 2006, 106(9):1371-1379.
24. Harper L., Sanders K.M. The effect of adults' eating on young children's acceptance of unfamiliar foods. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology 1975, 20(2):206-214.
25. Hausner H., Olsen A., Møller P. Mere exposure and flavour-flavour learning increase 2-3 year-old children's acceptance of a novel vegetable. Appetite 2012, 58(3):1152-1159.
26. Heidemann C., Schulze M.B., Franco O.H., van Dam R.M., Mantzoros C.S., Hu F.B. Dietary patterns and risk of mortality from cardiovascular disease, cancer, and all causes in a prospective cohort of women. Circulation 2008, 118(3):230-237.
27. Hendy H., Raudenbush B. Effectiveness of teacher modelling to encourage food acceptance in preschool children. Appetite 2000, 34(1):61-76.
28. Hendy H.M. Effectiveness of trained peer models to encourage food acceptance in preschool children. Appetite 2002, 39(3):217-225.
29. Hendy H.M., Williams K.E., Camise T.S. Kids Choice" school lunch program increases children's fruit and vegetable acceptance. Appetite 2005, 45(3):250-263.
30. Horne P.J., Greenhalgh J., Erjavec M., Lowe C.F., Viktor S., Whitaker C.J. Increasing pre-school children's consumption of fruit and vegetables. A modelling and rewards intervention. Appetite 2011, 56(2):375-385.
31. Horne P.J., Lowe C.F., Bowdery M., Egerton C. The way to healthy eating for children. British Food Journal 1998, 100(3):133-140.
32. Infant and Toddler Forum Portion sizes for children aged 1-4 years Available from, Last accessed 23.4.2014. http://www.infantandtoddlerforum.org/toddlers-to-preschool/little-peoples-plates/portion-sizes.
33. Kalat J.W., Rozin P. Learned safety" as a mechanism in long-delay taste aversion learning in rats. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology 1973, 83(19):8-207.
34. Lakkakula A., Geaghan J., Zanovec M., Pierce S., Tuuri G. Repeated taste exposure increases liking for vegetables by low-income elementary school children. Appetite 2010, 55(2):226-231.
35. Lennox A., Olson A., Gay C. National diet and nutrition survey. Headline results from years 2011, Available from. http://www.foodafactoflife.org.uk/attachments/8921d124-960e-4f68d4b026f4.pdf.
36. Lowe C.F., Dowey A.J., Horne P.J., Murcott A. Changing what children eat. "The Nation's Diet". The social science of food choice 1998, 57-80. Longman, London. A. Murcott (Ed.).
37. Lowe C.F., Horne P.J., Tapper K., Bowdery M., Egerton C. Effects of a peer modelling and rewards-based intervention to increase fruit and vegetable consumption in children. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2004, 58(3):510-522.
38. Lytle L.A., Seifert S., Greenstein J., McGovern P. How do children's eating patterns and food choices change over time? Results from a cohort study. American Journal of Health Promotion 2000, 14(4):222-228.
39. Maynard M., Gunnell D., Emmett P., Frankel S., Davey Smith G. Fruit, vegetables, and antioxidants in childhood and risk of adult cancer. The Boyd Orr cohort. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 2003, 57(3):218-225.
40. Mikkilä V., Räsänen L., Raitakari O.T., Pietinen P., Viikari J. Consistent dietary patterns identified from childhood to adulthood. The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study. British Journal of Nutrition 2007, 93(06):923-931.
41. Mikula G. Influencing food preferences of children by "if-then" type instructions. European Journal of Social Psychology 1989, 19(January):225-241.
42. Mobini S., Chambers L.C., Yeomans M.R. Effects of hunger state on flavour pleasantness conditioning at home. Flavour-nutrient learning vs. flavour-flavour learning. Appetite 2007, 48(1):20-28. 10.1016/j.appet.2006.05.017.
43. Musher-Eizenman D., Holub S. Comprehensive Feeding Practices Questionnaire: validation for a new measure of parental feeding practices. Journal of Pediatric Psychology 2007, 32(8):960-972.
44. NHS Choices 5 A DAY portion sizes - Live Well - NHS Choices. Department of Health Available from, Last accessed 6.6.2014. http://www.nhs.uk/Livewell/5ADAY/Pages/Portionsizes.aspx.
45. Orrell-Valente J.K., Hill L.G., Brechwald W.A., Dodge K.A., Pettit G.S., Bates J.E. "Just three more bites". An observational analysis of parents' socialization of children's eating at mealtime. Appetite 2007, 48(1):37-45.
46. Palfreyman Z., Haycraft E., Meyer C. Development of the Parental Modelling of Eating Behaviours Scale (PARM). Links with food intake among children and their mothers. Maternal & Child Nutrition 2012, 10:617-629.
47. Pearson N., Biddle S.J.H., Gorely T. Family correlates of fruit and vegetable consumption in children and adolescents. A systematic review. Public Health Nutrition 2009, 12(2):267-283.
48. Pliner P., Loewen E.R. Temperament and food neophobia in children and their mothers. Appetite 1997, 28(3):239-254.
49. Remington A., Anez E., Croker H., Wardle J., Cooke L. Increasing food acceptance in the home setting. A randomized controlled trial of parent-administered taste exposure with incentives. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2012, 95(1):72-77.
50. Skinner J.D., Carruth B.R., Bounds W., Ziegler P.J. Children's food preferences. A longitudinal analysis. Journal of the American Dietetic Association 2002, 102(11):1638-1647.
51. Stark L.J., Collins F.L., Osnes P.G., Stokes T.F. Using reinforcement and cueing to increase healthy snack food choices in preschoolers. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis 1986, 19(4):367-379.
52. Steiner J.E. Facial expressions of the neonate infant indicating the hedonics of food related stimuli. Taste and development. The genesis of sweet preferences 1979, 173-189. US Department of Health and Health Sciences, Washington, DC. J.M. Weiffenbach (Ed.).
53. Sullivan S.A., Birch L.L. Pass the sugar, pass the salt. Experience dictates preference. Developmental Psychology 1990, 26(4):546-551.
54. Sullivan S.A., Birch L.L. Infant dietary experience and acceptance of solid foods. Pediatrics 1994, 93(2):271-277.
55. Tapper K., Horne P.J., Lowe C.F. The Food Dudes to the rescue. The Psychologist 2003, 16(1):18-21.
56. Tibbs T., Haire-Joshu D., Schechtman K.B., Brownson R.C., Nanney M.S., Houston C., et al. The relationship between parental modeling, eating patterns, and dietary intake among African-American parents. Journal of the American Dietetic Association 2001, 101(5):535-541.
57. Vioque J., Weinbrenner T., Castelló A., Asensio L., Garcia de la Hera M. Intake of fruits and vegetables in relation to 10-year weight gain among Spanish adults. Obesity 2008, 16(3):664-670.
58. Wardle J., Cooke L.J., Gibson E., Sapochnik M., Sheiham A., Lawson M. Increasing children's acceptance of vegetables. A randomized trial of parent-led exposure. Appetite 2003, 40(2):155-162.
59. Wardle J., Herrera M.-L.L., Cooke L., Gibson E.L. Modifying children's food preferences. The effects of exposure and reward on acceptance of an unfamiliar vegetable. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2003, 57(2):341-348.
60. Weisberg D.P., Beck S.R. Children's thinking about their own and others' regret and relief. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology 2010, 106:184-191.
61. World Health Organisation WHO | Obesity and overweight World Health Organization. Available from, Last accessed 17.9.2014. http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs311/en/.