Logic, Meaning, and Conversation: Semantical Underdeterminacy, Implicature, and their Interface

Logic, Meaning, and Conversation: Semantical Underdeterminacy, Implicature, and their Interface

Volumn , Issue , 2011, Pages 1-303

  Atlas, Jay David ^a  

^a POMONA COLLEGE   (United States)

Author keywords

Conversational inference; Implicature; Language use; Literal meaning; Meaning; Paul Grice; Philosophy of language; Pragmatics; Verbal ambiguity; Verbal generality

Indexed keywords

EID: 84921305441     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195133004.001.0001     Document Type: Book

References (497)

1. Akmajian, A. (1970). "On Deriving Cleft Sentences from Pseudo-cleft Sentences," Linguistic Inquiry, 1: 149-168.
2. Allwood, J. (1972). "Negation and the Strength of Presupposition." Logical Grammar Reports No. 2. Department of Linguistics, University of Göteborg, Sweden.
3. Allwood, J. (1977). "Negation and the Strength of Presupposition," rev. ed., in O. Dahl (ed.), Logic, Pragmatics, and Grammar (pp. 11-52). Göteborg: Department of Linguistics.
4. Andrews, P. B. (1986). An Introduction to Mathematical Logic and Type Theory: To Truth through Proof. Orlando: Academic Press.
5. Anscombe, G. E. M. (1981). Metaphysics and the Philosophy of Mind. Minneapolis:University of Minnesota Press.
6. Anscombe, G. E. M. (1981b). "Before and After," in G. E. M. Anscombe, Metaphysics and the Philosophy of Mind (pp. 180-95). Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
7. Anscombe, J.-C. and Ducrot, O. (1977). "Deux maisen français?" Lingua: 23-40.
8. Atlas, J. D. (1972). "A Davidsonian Approach to Demonstrative Inference." Presented at a Rutgers University colloquium with Dana Scott and Philip Johnson-Laird on logic and language, 26 April 1972.
9. Atlas, J. D. (1974). "Presupposition, Ambiguity, and Generality: A Coda to the Russell-Strawson Debate on Referring." Typescript. Department of Philosophy, Pomona College, Claremont, California.
10. Atlas, J. D. (1975a). "Frege's Polymorphous Concept of Presupposition and Its Role in a Theory of Meaning," Semantikos, 1: 29-44.
11. Atlas, J. D. (1975b). "Presupposition: A Semantico-Pragmatic Account," in G. Gazdar and S. C. Levinson (eds.), Pragmatics Microfiche (1.4: pp. D113-G9). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
12. Atlas, J. D. (1977a). "Presupposition Revisited," in G. Gazdar and S. C. Levinson (eds.), Pragmatics Microfiche, (2.5: pp. D5-D11). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
13. Atlas, J. D. (1977b). "Negation, Ambiguity, and Presupposition," Linguistics and Philosophy, 1: 321-36.
14. Atlas, J. D. (1978a). "Presupposition and Grice's Pragmatics." Presented at a colloquium, Department of Phonetics and Linguistics, University College, London, May 1978.
15. Atlas, J. D. (1978b). "On Presupposing," Mind, 87: 396-411.
16. Atlas, J. D. (1979). "How Linguistics Matters to Philosophy: Presupposition, Truth, and Meaning," in D. Dinneen and C. K. Oh (eds.), Syntax and Semantics 11: Presupposition (pp. 265-81). New York: Academic Press.
17. Atlas, J. D. (1980a). "A Note on a Confusion of Pragmatic and Semantic Aspects of Negation," Linguistics and Philosophy, 1: 321-36.
18. Atlas, J. D. (1980b). "Reference, Meaning, and Translation," Philosophical Books, 21: 129-40.
19. Atlas, J. D. (1981). "Is 'Not' Logical?" Proceedings of the 11th International Symposium on Multiple-Valued Logic (pp. 124-28). New York: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers.
20. Atlas, J. D. (1983). "Comments on 'Metalinguistic Negation and Pragmatic Ambiguity' by Larry Horn, Yale University, June 1983." Manuscript, the Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, New Jersey, December 1983.
21. Atlas, J. D. (1984a). "Comparative Adjectives and Adverbials of Degree: An Introduction to Radically Radical Pragmatics," Linguistics and Philosophy, 7: 347-77.
22. Atlas, J. D. (1984b). "Grammatical Non-Specification: The Mistaken Disjunction Theory," Linguistics and Philosophy, 7: 433-43.
23. Atlas, J. D. (1988). "What Are Negative Existence Statements About?" Linguistics and Philosophy, 11: 371-93.
24. Atlas, J. D. (1989). Philosophy without Ambiguity. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
25. Atlas, J. D. (1990). "Implicature and Logical Form: The Semantics-Pragmatics Interface." Five Lectures, 6 August 1990-10 August 1990, Second European Summer School in Language, Logic, and Information, Katholieke Universiteit, Leuven, Belgium.
26. Atlas, J. D. (1991a). "Topic/Comment, Presupposition, Logical Form, and Focus Stress Implicatures: The Case of Focal Particles only and also," Journal of Semantics, 8: 127-47.
27. Atlas, J. D. (1991b). "Negative Existence Statements, Fictional Objects, and Intensional Contexts: The Relation between Bedeutung and Topic/Comment." Presented at the Sixteenth International Linguistic Agency Symposium, Multidisciplinary Research on Reference: History and Present State of the Art, Duisberg, Germany, 18-22 March 1991.
28. Atlas, J. D. (1993). "The Importance of Being 'Only': Testing the Neo-Gricean versus Neo-Entailment Paradigms," Journal of Semantics, 10: 301-18.
29. Atlas, J. D. (1994). "Do It in DOS," PC Laptop Computer Magazine, Vol. 6, No. 11 (November), pp. 40-45.
30. Atlas, J. D. (1995). "G. E. Moore's Paradox, Wittgenstein's Philosophy of Mind, and the Grammar of First-Person Belief." Unpublished ms. Department of Philosophy, Pomona College, Claremont, California.
31. Atlas, J. D. (1996a). "Negative Quantifier Noun Phrases: A Typology and an Acquisition Hypothesis." Presented at Perspectives on Negation, Pionier Conference on Negation, sponsored by the NWO Pionier Project "Reflections of Logical Patterns in Language Structure and Language Use," University of Groningen, The Netherlands, 24-26 August 1996.
32. Atlas, J. D. (1996b). "'Only' Noun Phrases, Pseudo-Negative Generalized Quantifiers, Negative Polarity Items, and Monotonicity," Journal of Semantics, 13: 265-328.
33. Atlas, J. D. (1997a). "On the Modularity of Sentence Processing: Semantical Generality and the Language of Thought," in J. Nuyts and E. Pederson (eds.), Language and Conceptualization (pp. 213-28). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
34. Atlas, J. D. (1997b). "Negative Adverbials, Prototypical Negation and the De Morgan Taxonomy," Journal of Semantics 14: 349-67.
35. Atlas, J. D. (1998). "Adverbial Verb Phrases and Downward Monotonicity: Negativity and the De Morgan Taxonomist's Dilemma." Presented at First Annual International Conference on Negation: Syntax, Semantics, and Pragmatics, European Studies Research Institute, North West Centre for Linguistics, University of Salford, Manchester, United Kingdom, 30 October 1998-1 November 1998.
36. Atlas, J. D. (2001). "Negative Quantifier Noun Phrases: A Typology and an Acquisition Hypothesis," in J. Hoeksema, H. Rullman, V. Sánchez-Valencia, and T. van der Wouden eds.), Perspectives on Negation and Polarity Items (pp. 1-23). Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
37. Atlas, J. D. and Levinson, S. C. (1973). "What Is an Implicature? Part 1: Kenny Logic." Unpublished ms., Mathematical and Social Sciences Board Workshop on the Pragmatics of Natural Language, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.
38. Atlas, J. D. and Levinson, S. C. (1981). "It-Clefts, Informativeness, and Logical Form: An Introduction to Radically Radical Pragmatics (Revised Standard Version)," in P. Cole (ed.), Radical Pragmatics (pp. 1-61). New York: Academic Press.
39. Auden, W. H. (1968). The Dyer's Hand. New York: Vintage.
40. Aune, B. (1975). "Vendler on Knowledge and Belief," in K. Gunderson (ed.), Minnesota Studies in the Philosophy of Science: 7. Language, Mind, and Knowledge (pp. 391-99). Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
41. Austin, J. L. (1956-57). "A Plea for Excuses," in Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society 57 (pp. 1-30).
42. Austin, J. L. (1962/1975). How to Do Things with Words. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
43. Avramides, A. (1989). Meaning and Mind: An Examination of a Gricean Account of Language. Cambridge: MIT Press.
44. Bach, K. (1982). "Semantic Nonspecificity and Mixed Quantifiers," Linguistics and Philosophy, 4: 593-605.
45. Bach, K. (1987). Thought and Reference. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
46. Bach, K. (1994a). "Conversational Impliciture," Mind and Language, 9: 124-62.
47. Bach, K. (1994b). "Meaning, Speech Acts, and Communication: Introduction," in R. M. Harnish (ed.), Basic Topics in the Philosophy of Language (pp. 3-20). Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice Hall.
48. Bach, K. (1994c). "Semantic Slack," in S. Tzohatzidis (ed.), Foundations of Speech Act Theory (pp. 267-91). London: Routledge.
49. Bach, K. (1995). "Standardization vs. Conventionalization," Linguistics and Philosophy, 18:677-86.
50. Baldwin, T. (1992). G. E. Moore. London: Routledge.
51. Ballmer, T. (1975). "Einführung and Kontrolle von Diskurswelten," in D. Wunderlich (ed.), Linguistische Pragmatik (pp. 183-206). Berlin: Athenaion-Verlag.
52. Ballmer, T. (1978). Logical Grammar: With Special Consideration of Topics in Context Change. Amsterdam: North-Holland.
53. Barwise, J. and Cooper, R. (1981). "Generalized Quantifiers and Natural Language," Linguistics and Philosophy 4: 159-219.
54. Beaver, D. (1997). "Presupposition," in J. van Benthem and A. ter Meulen (eds.), Handbook of Logic and Language (pp. 939-1008). Amsterdam: Elsevier Science.
55. Bergmann, M. (1981). "Presupposition and Two-Dimensional Logic." Journal of Philosophical Logic 10: 27-53.
56. Bergmann, M. (1982). "Metaphorical Assertions," Philosophical Review, 91: 229-45.
57. Berkeley, G. (1948-57). "A Treatise concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge." In A. Luce and T. E. Jessop, (eds.), The Works of George Berkeley. 9 vols. London: Nelson. Originally published 1710.
58. Bierwisch, M. (1989). "The Semantics of Gradation," in M. Bierwisch and E. Lang (eds.), Dimensional Adjectives: Grammatical Structure and Conceptual Interpretation (pp. 71-261). Berlin: Springer-Verlag.
59. Black, M. (1954). "Metaphor," in M. Black, Models and Metaphor (pp. 41-60). Ithaca:Cornell University Press.
60. Blakemore, D. (1992). Understanding Utterances: An Introduction to Pragmatics. Oxford:Blackwell.
61. Blok, P. (1993). "Interpretation of Focus." Ph.D. diss., University of Groningen, The Netherlands.
62. Blutner, R. (2000). "Some Aspects of Optimality in Natural Language Interpretation," Journal of Semantics, 17: 189-216.
63. Böer, S. (1979). "Meaning and Contrastive Stress," Philosophical Review, 88: 263-98.
64. Boër, S. and Lycan, W. (1976). The Myth of Semantic Presupposition. Ohio State Working Papers in Linguistics No. 21. Columbus: Department of Linguistics, Ohio State University.
65. Bromberger, S. (1992a). On What We Know We Don't Know. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
66. Bromberger, S. (1992b). "An Approach to Explanation," in S. Bromberger On What We Know We Don't Know (pp. 18-51). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
67. Brown, P. and Levinson, S. C. (1978). "Universals in Language Usage: Politeness Phenomena," in E. Goody (ed.), Questions and Politeness: Strategies in Social Interaction, (pp. 56-310). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
68. Brown, P. and Levinson, S. C. (1987). Politeness: Some Universals in Language Usage. Studies in Interactional Sociolinguistics 4. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
69. Brugman, C. (1981). "The Story of 'over'." Bloomington: Indiana University Linguistics Club.
70. Burge, T. (1990). "Frege on Sense and Linguistic Meaning," in D. Bell and N. Cooper (eds.), The Analytic Tradition (pp. 30-60). Oxford: Blackwell.
71. Burnyeat, M. (1967-68). "Belief in Speech." Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society 68:227-248.
72. Burton-Roberts, N. (1989a). "On Horn's Dilemma: Presupposition and Negation," Journal of Linguistics, 25: 95-125.
73. Burton-Roberts, N. (1989b). The Limits to Debate. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
74. Burton-Roberts, N. (1991). Review of Atlas (1989). Mind and Language, 6: 161-76.
75. Burton-Roberts, N. (1997). "On Preservation under Negation," Lingua 101: 65-88.
76. Burton-Roberts, N. (1999). "Presupposition-Cancelation and Meta-linguistic Negation: A Reply to Carston," Journal of Linguistics, 35: 347-64.
77. Carnap, R. (1942). Introduction to Semantics. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
78. Carnap, R. (1958). Introduction to Symbolic Logic and Its Applications. Trans. W. H. Meyer and J. Williamson. New York: Dover.
79. Carnap, R. and Bar-Hillel, Y. (1952). An Outline of a Theory of Semantic Information. Technical Report No. 247. Cambridge: Research Laboratory of Electronics, MIT.
80. Carnap, R. and Bar-Hillel, Y. (1953-54). "Semantic Information," British Journal for the Philosophy of Science, 4: 147-57.
81. Carroll, L. (1963). The Annotated Alice. Cleveland: World.
82. Carston, R. (1985). "A Reanalysis of Some 'Quantity Implicatures."' Unpublished ms., University of London.
83. Carston, R. (1988). "Implicature, Explicature, and Truth-Theoretic Semantics," in R. M. Kempson, (ed.), Mental Representations: The Interface between Language and Reality (pp. 155-81). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
84. Carston, R. (1996). "Metalinguistic Negation and Echoic Use," Journal of Pragmatics, 25: 309-30.
85. Carston, R. (1998). "Negation, 'supposition', and the Semantics/Pragmatics Distinction," Journal of Linguistics, 34: 309-50.
86. Carston, R. (1999). "Negation,'resupposition', and Metarepresentation: A Response to Noel Burton-Roberts," Journal of Linguistics, 35: 365-90.
87. Chapman, S. (1996). "Metalinguistic Negation: Some Theoretical Implications," Journal of Linguistics, 32: 387-402.
88. Chierchia, G. (1995). Dynamics of Meaning: Anaphora, Presupposition, and the Theory of Grammar. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
89. Chierchia, G. and McConnell-Ginet, S. (1990). Meaning and Grammar. Cambridge: MIT Press.
90. Chomsky, N. (1957). Syntactic Structures. The Hague: Mouton.
91. Chomsky, N. (1965). Aspects of the Theory of Syntax. Cambridge: MIT Press.
92. Chomsky, N. (1972a). Language and Mind. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.
93. Chomsky, N. (1972b). "Deep Structure, Surface Structure, and Semantic Interpretation," in N. Chomsky, Studies on Semantics in Generative Grammar (pp. 62-119). The Hague:Mouton.
94. Chomsky, N. (1982). Lectures on Government and Binding: The Pisa Lectures. 2nd ed. Dordrecht: Foris.
95. Chomsky, N. (1986). Knowledge of Language. New York: Praeger.
96. Chomsky, N. (1995a). The Minimalist Program. Cambridge: MIT Press.
97. Chomsky, N. (1995b). "Language and Nature," Mind, 104: 1-61.
98. Chomsky, N. (1996a). Powers and Prospects: Reflections on Human Nature and the Social Order. Boston: South End Press.
99. Chomsky, N. (1996b). "Language and Thought: Some Reflections on Venerable Themes," in N. Chomksy, Powers and Prospects: Reflections on Human Nature and the Social Order (pp. 1-30). Boston: South End Press.
100. Chomsky, N. (1996c). "Language and Nature," in N. Chomsky, Powers and Prospects:Reflections on Human Nature and the Social Order (pp. 31-54). Boston: South End Press.
101. Chomsky, N. (2000). New Horizons in the Study of Language and Mind. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
102. Churchland, P. (1988). "Perceptual Plasticity and Theoretical Neutrality: A Reply to Jerry Fodor," Philosophy of Science, 55: 167-87.
103. Clark, H. and Haviland, S. E. (1977). "Comprehension and the Given-New Context," in R. Freedle (ed.), Discourse Production and Comprehension (pp. 1-40). Hillside, N.J.:Erlbaum.
104. Clarke, D. S. (1994). "Does Acceptance Entail Belief?" American Philosophical Quarterly, 31: 145-55.
105. Coffa, J. A. (1991). The Semantic Tradition from Kant to Carnap. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
106. Cooper, W. E. and Ross, J. R. (1975). "World Order," in R. E. Grossman, J. San, and T. Vance (eds.), Papers from the Parasession on Functionalism (pp. 63-111). Chicago:Chicago Linguistics Society.
107. Crane, T. (1995). The Mechanical Mind. London: Penguin.
108. Cresswell, M. (1976). "The Semantics of Degree," in B. Partee (ed.), Montague Grammar (pp. 261-92). New York: Academic Press.
109. Cruse, D. A. (1986). Lexical Semantics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
110. Cruse, D. A. (1992). "Monosemy vs. Polysemy" (review of Ruhl, 1989), Linguistics, 30: 577-99.
111. Cummins, R. (1989). Meaning and Mental Representation. Cambridge: MIT Press.
112. Davidson, D. (1967). "The Logical Form of Action Sentences," in N. Rescher (ed.), The Logic of Decision and Action (pp. 81-95). Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press.
113. Davidson, D. (1970). "Action and Reaction," Inquiry, 13: 140-48.
114. Davidson, D. (1980). Essays on Actions and Events. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
115. Davidson, D. (1981). "What Metaphors Mean," in S. Sacks (ed.), On Metaphor (pp. 29-46). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
116. Davidson, D. (1984a). Inquiries into Truth and Interpretation. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
117. Davidson, D. (1984b). "Radical Interpretation," in D. Davidson, Inquiries into Truth and Interpretation. (pp. 125-39). Oxford: Clarendon Press.
118. Davidson, D., and Harman, G. (eds.) (1972). Semantics of Natural Language. Dordrecht:D. Reidel.
119. Davidson, D., and Harman, G. (eds.) (1975). The Logic of Grammar. Belmont, Calif: Wadsworth.
120. Davis, S. (ed.) (1991). Pragmatics. New York: Oxford University Press.
121. Davis, W. A. (1998). Implicature: Intention, Convention, and Principle in the Failure of Gricean Theory. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
122. de Mey, S. (1991). "'only' as a Determiner and Generalized Quantifier," Journal of Semantics, 8: 91-106.
123. Donnellan, K. (1966). "Reference and Definite Descriptions," Philosophical Review, 75:281-304.
124. Donnellan, K. (1983). "Kripke and Putnam on Natural Kind Terms," in C. Ginet and S. Shoemaker (eds.), Knowledge and Mind (pp. 84-104). New York: Oxford University Press.
125. Donnellan, K. (1993). "There Are Words for That Kind of Thing: An Investigation of Two Thought Experiments," in J. E. Tomberlin (ed.), Philosophical Perspectives 7: Language and Logic (pp. 155-71). Atascadero, Calif.: Ridgeview.
126. Dowty, D. (1980). "Comments on the Paper by Bach and Partee," in J. Kreiman and A. Ojeda (eds.), CLS 16: Papers from the Sixteenth Regional Meeting of the Chicago Linguistics Society: Parasession on Pronouns and Anaphora (pp. 29-40) Chicago: Chicago Linguistics Society.
127. Dowty, D., Wall, R. E. and Peters, S. (1981). Introduction to Montague Semantics. Dordrecht: Reidel.
128. Dretske, F. (1972). "Contrastive Statements," Philosophical Review, 81: 411-37.
129. Dummett, M. (1979). "What Does the Appeal to Use Do for the Theory of Meaning?" in A. Margalit (ed.), Meaning and Use (pp. 123-35). Dordrecht: Reidel.
130. Dummett, M. (1981). Frege: Philosophy of Language. 2nd ed. London: Duckworth.
131. Dummett, M. (1993). Origins of Analytical Philosophy. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
132. Empson, W. (1930). Seven Types of Ambiguity. London: Chatto and Windus.
133. Englebretsen, G. (1996). Something to Reckon With: The Logic of Terms. Ottawa:University of Ottawa Press.
134. Fillmore, C. J. (1971). "Verbs of Judging: An Exercise in Semantic Description," in C. J. Fillmore and D. T. Langendoen (eds.), Studies in Linguistic Semantics (pp. 273-90). New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
135. Fish, S. (1989). Doing What Comes Naturally: Change, Rhetoric, and the Practice of Theory in Literary and Legal Studies. Durham: Duke University Press.
136. Fodor, J. A. (1975). The Language of Thought. New York: Thomas Y. Crowell.
137. Fodor, J. A. (1983). The Modularity of Mind. Cambridge: MIT Press.
138. Fodor, J. A. (1990a) A Theory of Content and Other Essays. Cambridge: MIT Press.
139. Fodor, J. A. (1990b). "Why Should the Mind be Modular?" in A Theory of Content and Other Essays (pp. 207-230). Cambridge: MIT Press.
140. Fodor, J. A. (1990c). "Observation Reconsidered," in A Theory of Content and Other Essays (pp. 231-51). Cambridge: MIT Press.
141. Fodor, J. A. (1998a). In Critical Condition: Polemical Essays on Cognitive Science and the Philosophy of Mind. Cambridge: MIT Press.
142. Fodor, J. A. (1998b). "Review of Christopher Peacocke's A Study of Concepts" in In Critical Condition: Polemical Essays on Cognitive Science and the Philosophy of Mind (pp. 27-34). Cambridge: MIT Press.
143. Fodor, J. A. and LePore, E. (1992). Holism: A Shopper's Guide. Oxford: Blackwell.
144. Fogelin, R. (1967). Evidence and Meaning. New York: Humanities Press.
145. Fogelin, R. (1988). Figuratively Speaking. New Haven: Yale University Press.
146. Fogelin, R. (1994). Pyrrhonian Reflections on Knowledge and Justification. New York: Oxford University Press.
147. Foolen, A. (1991). "Metalinguistic Negation and Pragmatic Ambiguity: Some Comments on a Proposal by Laurence Horn," Pragmatics, 1: 137-57.
148. Fowler, H. W. (1965). A Dictionary of Modern English Usage. 2nd ed. New York: Oxford University Press.
149. Frege, G. (1970a). "On Sense and Reference," in P. Geach and M. Black (eds.), Translations from the Philosophical Writings of Gottlob Frege (pp. 56-78). Oxford:Blackwell. Originally published 1892.
150. Frege, G. (1970b). "Negation," in P. Geach and M. Black (eds.), Translation from the Philosophical Writings of Gottlob Frege (pp. 117-35). Oxford: Blackwell. Originally published 1919.
151. Fretheim, T. (1992). "The Effect of Intonation on a Type of Scalar Implicature," Journal of Pragmatics, 18: 1-30.
152. Frost, R. (1979). The Poetry of Robert Frost. New York: Henry Holt.
153. Gamut, L. T. F. (1991). Logic, Language, and Meaning: Vol. 2. Intensional Logic and Logical Grammar. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
154. Gass, W. (1970). Fiction and the Figures of Life. New York: Knopf.
155. Gazdar, G. (1976). "Formal Pragmatics for Natural Language Implicature, Presupposition, and Logical Form." Ph.D. diss., University of Reading, U.K.
156. Gazdar, G. (1977). Implicature, Presupposition, and Logical Form. Bloomington: Indiana University Linguistics Club.
157. Gazdar, G. (1979a). Pragmatics: Implicature, Presupposition, and Logical Form. New York:Academic Press.
158. Gazdar, G. (1979b). "A Solution to the Projection Problem," in C-K Oh and D. Dinneen (eds.), Syntax and Semantics 11: Presupposition (pp. 57-89). New York: Academic Press.
159. Gazdar, G. (1980). "Pragmatics and Logical Form," Journal of Pragmatics, 4: 1-13.
160. Geach, D. T. (1972a). Logic Matters. Berkeley: University of California Press.
161. Geach, D. T. (1972b). "Assertion," in Logic Matters (pp. 250-69). Berkeley: University of California Press.
162. Geis, M. and Zwicky, A. M. (1971). "On Invited Inferences," Linguistic Inquiry, 2: 561-65.
163. Geurts, B. (1998). "The Mechanisms of Denial," Language, 74: 274-307.
164. Gillon, B. S. (1990). "Ambiguity, Generality, and Indeterminacy: Tests and Definitions," Synthese, 85: 391-416.
165. Glucksberg, S. (2001). Understanding Figurative Language. New York: Oxford University Press.
166. Goodman, N. (1976). Languages of Art. Indianapolis: Hackett.
167. Goodman, N. (1983). Fact, Fiction, and Forecast. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
168. Gordon, G. and Lakoff, G. (1971). "Conversational Postulates," in CLS 7: Papers from the Seventh Regional Meeting of the Chicago Linguistics Society (pp. 63-84). Chicago:nChicago Linguistics Society. Repr. in P. Cole and J. L. Morgan (eds.), Syntax and Semantics 3: Speech Acts (pp. 83-106). New York: Academic Press, 1975.
169. Grandy, R. (1973). "Reference, Meaning, and Belief," Journal of Philosophy 70: 439-52.
170. Grandy, R. (1987). "In Defense of Semantic Fields," in E. Lepore (ed.), New Directions in Semantics (pp. 259-80). New York: Academic Press.
171. Grandy, R., and Warner, R. (eds.) (1986). Philosophical Grounds of Rationality. Oxford:Clarendon Press.
172. Graves, R. and Hodge, A. (1979). The Reader over Your Shoulder: A Handbook for Writers of English Prose, 2nd ed. New York: Random House.
173. Gregory, R. L. (1970). The Intelligent Eye. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson.
174. Gregory, R. L. (1973). "The Confounded Eye," in R. L. Gregory and E. H. Gombrich (eds.), Illusion in Nature and Art (pp. 49-95). London: Duckworth.
175. Gregory, R. L. (1986). Odd Perceptions. London: Methuen.
176. Green, G. M. (1989). Pragmatics and Natural Language Understanding. Hillsdale, N.J.:Erlbaum.
177. Grice, H. P. (1961). "The Causal Theory of Perception," Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society, Vol. 25(Suppl.): 121-52.
178. Grice, H. P. (1965). "The Causal Theory of Perception," in R. J. Swartz (ed.), Perceiving, Sensing, and Knowing: A Book of Readings from Twentieth-Century Sources in the Philosophy of Perception (pp. 438-72). Garden City, N.Y.: Anchor Books, Doubleday.
179. Grice, H. P. (1967). "Logic and Conversation: The 1967 William James Lectures." Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
180. Grice, H. P. (1969). "Utterer's Meaning and Intentions," Philosophical Review, 78: 147-77. Repr. in Grice (1989a), pp. 86-116.
181. Grice, H. P. (1975a). "Logic and Conversation," in P. Cole and J. L. Morgan (eds.), Syntax and Semantics 3: Speech Acts (pp. 41-58). New York: Academic Press.
182. Grice, H. P. (1975b). "Logic and Conversation," in D. Davidson and G. Harman (eds.), The Logic of Grammar (pp. 64-75). Encino, Calif.: Dickenson.
183. Grice, H. P. (1978). "Further Notes on Logic and Conversation," in P. Cole (ed.), Syntax and Semantics 9: Pragmatics (pp. 113-27). New York: Academic Press.
184. Grice, H. P. (1981). "Presupposition and Conversational Implicature," in P. Cole (ed.), Radical Pragmatics (pp. 183-97). New York: Academic Press.
185. Grice, H. P. (1986). "Reply to Richards," in R. Grandy and R. Warner (eds.), Philosophical Grounds of Rationality (pp. 45-106). Oxford: Clarendon.
186. Grice, H. P. (1989a). Studies in the Way of Words. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
187. Grice, H. P. (1989b). "Logic and Conversation," in H. P. Grice, Studies in the Way of Words (pp. 22-40). Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
188. Grice, H. P. (1989c). "Further Notes on Logic and Conversation," in H. P. Grice, Studies in the Way of Words (pp. 41-57). Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
189. Grice, H. P. (1989d). "Some Models for Implicature," in H. P. Grice, Studies in the Way of Words (pp. 138-43). Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
190. Grice, H. P. (1989e). "Meaning," in H. P. Grice, Studies in the Way of Words (pp. 213-23). Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
191. Grice, H. P. (1989f). "Retrospective Epilogue," in H. P. Grice, Studies in the Way of Words (pp. 339-85). Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
192. Grinder, J. and Postal, P. M. (1971). "Missing Antecedents," Linguistic Inquiry, 2: 269-312.
193. Grundy, P. (1995). Doing Pragmatics. London: Edward Arnold.
194. Guenthner, R., and Guenthner-Reutter, M. (eds.) (1978). Meaning and Translation. London: Duckworth.
195. Hacker, P. M. S. (1996). Wittgenstein's Place in Twentieth-Century Analytic Philosophy. Oxford: Blackwell.
196. Hahn, L. E. and Schilpp, P. A. (eds.) (1986). The Philosophy of W. V. Quine. LaSalle, I11.:Open Court.
197. Halliday, M. A. K. (1967). "Notes on Transitivity and Theme in English, Part 2," Journal of Linguistics, 3: 199-244.
198. Halvorsen, P.-K. (1978). The Syntax and Semantics of Cleft Constructions. Texas Linguistic Forum, 11. Austin: Department of Linguistics, University of Texas.
199. Hanson, N. R. (1969). Perception and Discovery: An Introduction to Scientific Inquiry. San Francisco: Freeman, Cooper.
200. Harman, G. H. (1965). "The Inference to the Best Explanation," Philosophical Review, 74:88-95.
201. Harnish, R. M. (1976). "Logical Form and Implicature," in T. G. Bever, J. J. Katz, and D. T. Langendoen (eds.), An Integrated Theory of Linguistic Ability (pp. 313-91). New York:Crowell.
202. Harries-Delisle, H. (1978). "Contrastive Emphasis and Cleft Sentences," in J. Greenberg, C. Ferguson, and E. Moravcsik (eds.), Universals of Human Language, Vol. 4: Syntax (pp. 419-86). Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press.
203. Harris, R. A. (1993). The Linguistic Wars. New York: Oxford University Press.
204. Hawkins, J. A. (1975). "The Pragmatics of Definiteness," in G. Gazdar and S. C. Levinson (eds.), Pragmatics Microfiche (1.3: pp. C2-G10). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
205. Hawkins, J. A. (1978). Definiteness and Indefiniteness. London: Croom Helm.
206. Heim, I. (1982). "The Semantics of Definite and Indefinite Descriptions." Ph.D. diss., Department of Linguistics, University of Massachusetts, Amherst.
207. Hempel, C. G. (1960). "Inductive Inconsistencies," Synthese, 11: 439-69.
208. Herbert, N. (1985). Quantum Reality. Garden City, N.Y.: Anchor/Doubleday.
209. Hilbert, D. (1927/1967). "The Foundations of Mathematics," in J. van Heijenoort (ed.), From Frege to Gödel: A Sourcebook in Mathematical Logic, 1879-1931 (pp. 464-79). Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
210. Hintikka, K. J. J. (1973). "Grammar and Logic: Some Borderline Problems," in K. J. J. Hintikka, P. Suppes, J. M. E. Moravcsik (eds.) Approaches to Natural Language:Proceedings of the 1970 Stanford Workshop on Grammar and Semantics (pp. 197-214). Dordrecht: Reidel.
211. Hirschberg, J. (1985). A Theory of Scalar Implicature. Technical Report MS-CIS-85-86. Moore School of Electrical Engineering, Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania.
212. Hirschberg, J. (1991). A Theory of Scalar Implicature. New York: Garland.
213. Hitzeman, J. (1992). "The Selectional Properties and Entailments of 'Almost'," in C. P. Canakis, G. P. Chan, and J. M. Denton, (eds.), CLS 28: Papers from the Twenty-eighth Regional Meeting of the Chicago Linguistics Society, 1992: Vol. 1. The Main Session (pp. 225-38). Chicago: Chicago Linguistics Society.
214. Hobbs, J., Stickel, M., Appelt, D. and Martin, P. (1993). "Interpretation as Abduction," Artificial Intelligence, 63: 69-142.
215. Hochberg, J. (1972). "The Representation of Things and People," in E. H. Gombrich and J. Hochberg, Art, Perception, and Reality (pp. 47-94). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
216. Hopper, P. and Traugott, E. (1993). Grammaticalization. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
217. Horgan, P. (1974). Approaches to Writing. New York: Farrar Straus Giroux.
218. Horn, L. R. (1972). "On the Semantic Properties of Logical Operators in English," Ph.D. diss., University of California, Los Angeles.
219. Horn, L. R. (1973). "Greek Grice: A Brief Survey of Proto-Conversational Rules in the History of Logic," in C. Corum, T. Smith-Stack, and A. Weiser (eds.), CLS 9: Papers from the Ninth Regional Meeting of the Chicago Linguistics Society (pp. 205-14). Chicago: Department of Linguistics, University of Chicago.
220. Horn, L. R. (1976). "On the Semantic Properties of Logical Operators in English." Indiana University Linguistics Club. Bloomington: University of Indiana.
221. Horn, L. R. (1978a). "Remarks on Neg-Raising," in P. Cole (ed.), Syntax and Semantics 9:Pragmatics (pp. 129-220). New York: Academic Press.
222. Horn, L. R. (1978b). "Some Aspects of Negation," in J. Greenberg, C. Ferguson, and E. Moravcsik (eds.), Universals of Human Language Vol. 4, (pp. 127-210). Stanford:Stanford University Press.
223. Horn, L. R. (1978c). "Lexical Incorporation, Implicature, and the Least Effort Hypothesis," in D. Farkas, W. Jacobsen, and K. Todrys (eds.), Parasession on the Lexicon (pp. 196-209). Chicago: Chicago Linguistics Society.
224. Horn, L. R. (1981a). "Exhaustiveness and the Semantics of Clefts," in V. Burke and J. Pustejovksy (eds.), Proceedings of the Eleventh Annual New England Linguistics Society Conference, November 7-9, 1980 (pp. 125-42). Department of Linguistics, Amherst:University of Massachusetts.
225. Horn, L. R. (1981b). "A Pragmatic Approach to Certain Ambiguities," Linguistics and Philosophy, 4: 321-58.
226. Horn, L. R. (1984a). "Ambiguity, Negation, and the London School of Parsimony," Proceedings of the New England Linguistics Society, 14: 108-31.
227. Horn, L. R. (1984b). "Toward a New Taxonomy for Pragmatic Inference: Q-Based and RBased Implicature," in D. Schiffrin (ed.), Georgetown University Round Table on Languages and Linguistics 1984. Meaning, Form, and Use in Context: Linguistic Applications (pp. 11-42). Washington, D.C. Georgetown University Press.
228. Horn, L. R. (1985). "Metalinguistic Negation and Pragmatic Ambiguity," Language, 61: 121-74.
229. Horn, L. R. (1989). A Natural History of Negation. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
230. Horn, L. R. (1990). "Showdown at Truth-Value Gap: Burton-Roberts on Presupposition" [Review], Journal of Lingusitics, 26: 483-503.
231. Horn, L. R. (1992a). "Pragmatics, Implicature, and Presupposition," in W. Bright (ed.), International Encyclopedia of Linguistics, (Vol. 3, pp. 260-66). New York: Oxford University Press.
232. Horn, L. R. (1992b). "The Said and the Unsaid," in C. Barker and D. Dowty (eds.), SALT II Proceedings of the Second Conference on Semantics and Linguistic Theory, May 1-3, 1992 (pp. 163-92). Ohio State University Working Papers in Linguistics No. 40. Columbus:Ohio State University, Department of Linguistics.
233. Horn, L. R. (1993). "Economy and Redundancy in a Dualistic Model of Natural Language," Suomen kielitieteellinen yhdistys (SKY) 1993 (pp. 33-72). Helsinki: Linguistic Association of Finland.
234. Horn, L. R. (1996a). "Comments." Unpublished ms., Department of Linguistics, Yale University, New Haven.
235. Horn, L. R. (1996b). "Exclusive Company: Only and the Dynamics of Vertical Inference," Journal of Semantics, 13(1): 1-40.
236. Horn, L. R. (2002). "Assertoric Inertia and NPI Licensing." Lecture, Annual Meeting of the Chicago Linguistics Society, April 2002, Chicago, I11.
237. Hornstein, N. (1989). "Meaning and the Mental: The Problem of Semantics after Chomsky," in A. George (ed.), Reflections on Chomsky (pp. 23-40). Oxford: Blackwell.
238. Huang, Y. (1994). The Syntax and Pragmatics of Anaphora: A Study with Special Reference to Chinese. Cambridge Studies in Linguistics 70. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
239. Huang, Y. (2000). Anaphora: A Cross-Linguistic Study. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
240. Iten, C. (1998). "Because and although: A Case of Duality?" in V. Rouchota and A. H. Jucker (eds.), Current Issues in Relevance Theory (pp. 59-80). Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
241. Jacobs, R. A., and Rosenbaum, P. S. (eds.) (1970). Readings in Transformational Grammar. Waltham, Mass.: Ginn.
242. Johnson, M. (1981). Philosophical Perspectives on Metaphor. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
243. Kamp, H. (1981). "A Theory of Truth and Semantic Representation," in J. Groendijk, T. Janssen, and M. Stokhof (eds.), Formal Methods in the Study of Language (Vol. 1, pp. 277-321). Amsterdam: Mathematical Centrum.
244. Kamp, H. and Reyle, U. (1993). From Discourse to Logic. Dordrecht: Kluwer.
245. Karttunen, L. (1973). "Presuppositions of Compound Sentences," Linguistic Inquiry, 4:169-93.
246. Karttunen, L. (1974). "Presupposition and Linguistic Context," Theoretical Linguistics, 1: 182-94.
247. Karttunen, L. and Peters, S. (1979). "Conventional Implicature," in C-K Oh, and D. Dinneen (eds.), Syntax and Semantics 11: Presupposition (pp. 1-56). New York: Academic Press.
248. Katz, J. J. (1972). Semantic Theory. New York: Harper and Row.
249. Katz, J. J. (1978). "Effability and Translation," in F. Guenthner and M. Guenthner-Reutter (eds.), Meaning and Translation (pp. 191-234). London: Duckworth.
250. Katz, J. J. (1981). Language and Other Abstract Objects. Oxford: Blackwell.
251. Katz, J. J. (1990). The Metaphysics of Meaning. Cambridge: MIT Press.
252. Kay, P. and Zimmer, P. (1976). "On the Semantics of Compounds and Genitives in English," in R. Underhill (ed.), Sixth California Linguistics Association Proceedings (pp. 29-35). San Diego: Campanile.
253. Keefe, R., and Smith, P. (eds.) (1996). Vagueness. Cambridge: MIT Press.
254. Keenan, E. (1978). "Some Logical Problems in Translation," in F. Guenthner and M. Guenthner-Reutter (eds.), Meaning and Translation (pp. 157-89). London: Duckworth.
255. Kemeny, J. (1953). "A Logical Measure Function," Journal of Symbolic Logic, 18: 289-308.
256. Kempson, R. (1975). Presupposition and the Delimitation of Semantics. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.
257. Kempson, R. (1977). Semantic Theory. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
258. Kempson, R. (1986). "Ambiguity and the Semantics-Pragmatics Distinction," in C. Travis (ed.), Meaning and Interpretation (pp. 77-103). Oxford: Blackwell.
259. Kempson, R. (1988a). "Grammar and Conversational Principles," in F. J. Newmeyer (ed.), Linguistics: The Cambridge Survey. Vol. 2. Linguistic Theory: Extensions and Implications (pp. 139-63). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
260. Kempson, R. (ed.) (1988b). Mental Representations: The Interface between Language and Reality. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
261. Kempson, R. and Cormack, A. (1981). "Ambiguity and Quantification," Linguistics and Philosophy, 4: 259-310.
262. Kennedy, C. (2001). "On the Monotonicity of Polar Adjectives," in J. Hoeksema, H. Rullman, V. Sanchez-Valencia, and T. van der Wouden (eds.), Perspectives on Negation and Polarity Items (pp. 201-21). Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
263. Kenny, A. (1963). Action, Emotion, and Will. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.
264. Kenny, A. (1966). "Practical Inference," Analysis 26: 65-75.
265. Kiparsky, P. (1982). "Word Formation and the Lexicon," in F. Ingemann (ed.), Proceedings of the 1982 Mid-America Linguistics Conference. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas.
266. Kiparsky, P. and Kiparsky, C. (1971). "Fact," in D. D. Steinberg and L. A. Jakobovits (eds.), Semantics, (pp. 345-69). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
267. Kittay, E. (1987). Metaphor: Its Cognitive Force and Linguistic Structure. Oxford:Clarendon.
268. Klein, E. (1980). "A Semantics for Positive and Comparative Adjectives," Linguistics and Philosophy, 4: 1-45.
269. Klein, H. (1997). "Adverbs of Degree in Dutch." Ph.D. diss. University of Groningen, The Netherlands.
270. Klein, H. (1998). Adverbs of Degree in Dutch and Related Languages. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
271. Koenig, J-P. (1992). "Scalar Predicates and Negation," in L. M. Dobrin, L. Nichols, and R. M. Rodriquez (eds.), CLS 27: Papers from the Twenty-seventh Regional Meeting of the Chicago Linguistics Society 1991. Part 2: The Parasession on Negation (pp. 140-55). Chicago: Chicago Linguistics Society.
272. König, E. (1988). "Concessive Connectives and Concessive Sentences: Cross Linguistic Regularities and Pragmatic Principles," in J. Hawkins (ed.), Explaining Language Universals (pp. 145-66). Oxford: Blackwell.
273. König, E. (1991). The Meaning of Focus Particles: A Comparative Perspective. London:Croom Helm.
274. Kooij, J. (1971). Ambiguity in Natural Language. Amsterdam: North-Holland.
275. Kuroda, S.-Y. (1977). "Description of Presuppositional Phenomena from a Non-Presuppositional Point of View," Lingvisticae Investigations, 1: 63-162.
276. Ladd, D. (1980). The Structure of Intonational Meaning. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
277. Lakoff, G. (1970). "A Note on Ambiguity and Vagueness," Linguistic Inquiry, 1: 357-59.
278. Lakoff, G. (1971). "On Generative Semantics," in D. D. Steinberg and L. A. Jakobovits (eds.), Semantics: An Interdisciplinary Reader in Philosophy, Linguistics, and Psychology (pp. 232-96). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
279. Lakoff, G. (1975). "Pragmatics and Natural Logic," in E. L. Keenan (ed.), Formal Semantics of Natural Language (pp. 253-86). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
280. Lakoff, G. (1977). "Linguistic Gestalts," in W. Beach, S. Fox, and S. Philosoph (eds.), CLS 13:Papers from the Thirteenth Regional Meeting of the Chicago Linguistics Society (pp. 236-87). Chicago: Chicago Linguistics Society.
281. Lakoff, G. (1986). Two Metametaphorical Issues. Berkeley Cognitive Science Report No. 38. Berkeley: University of California, Institute of Cognitive Studies.
282. Lakoff, G. (1987). Women, Fire, and Dangerous Things. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
283. Lakoff, G. and Johnson, M. (1980). Metaphors We Live By. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
284. Langendoen, D. T. (1971). "Presupposition and Assertion in the Semantic Analysis of Nouns and Verbs in English," in D. Steinberg and L. Jakobovits (eds.), Semantics: An Interdisciplinary Reader in Philosophy, Linguistics, and Psychology (pp. 341-44). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
285. Langford, C. H. (1968). "The Notion of Analysis in Moore's Philosophy," in P. A. Schilpp, (ed.), The Philosophy of G. E. Moore (Vol. 1, pp. 321-42). LaSalle, I11.: Open Court. Originally published in 1942.
286. Leech, G. (1974). Semantics. London: Penguin.
287. Leech, G. (1983). Principles of Pragmatics. London: Longman.
288. Leech, G. (1990). Semantics. 2nd ed. London: Penguin.
289. Leezenberg, M. (1995). "Contexts of Metaphor." Ph.D. diss., Institute for Language, Logic, and Computation, University of Amsterdam.
290. Leezenberg, M. (2001). Contexts of Metaphor. Oxford: Elsevier.
291. Lehrer, A. (1974). Semantic Fields and Lexical Structure. Amsterdam: North Holland.
292. Leisenring, A. C. (1969). Mathematical Logic and Hilbert's ε-symbol. London: Macdonald.
293. Levinson, S. C. (1978). "Pragmatics and Social Deixis." Unpublished ms., University of Cambridge.
294. Levinson, S. C. (1983). Pragmatics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
295. Levinson, S. C. (1987a). "Minimization and Conversational Inference," in J. Verschueren and M. Bertucelli-Papi (eds.), The Pragmatic Perspective, (pp. 61-129). Amsterdam: John Benjamins. Repr. in A. Kasher (ed.), Pragmatics: Critical Concepts (Vol. 4. pp. 545-612). (London: Routledge, 1988).
296. Levinson, S. C. (1987b). "Pragmatics and the Grammar of Anaphora: A Partial Pragmatic Reduction of Binding and Control Phenomena," Journal of Linguistics, 23: 379-434.
297. Levinson, S. C. (1988a). "The Nijmegen Lectures." University of Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
298. Levinson, S. C. (1988b). "Generalized Conversational Implicature and the Semantics/Pragmatics Interface." Typescript. Department of Linguistics, Stanford University.
299. Levinson, S. C. (1989). "Relevance," Journal of Linguistics, 21: 455-72.
300. Levinson, S. C. (1990). "Interactional Biases in Human Thinking." Presented at the Workshop on the Social Origins of Human Intelligence, Wissenschaftcolleg zu Berlin, May 1990.
301. Levinson, S. C. (1991). "Pragmatic Reduction of the Binding Conditions Revisited," Journal of Linguistics, 27: 107-61.
302. Levinson, S. C. (1995). "Three Levels of Meaning," in F. R. Palmer (ed.), Grammar and Meaning:Essays in Honour of Sir John Lyons (pp. 90-115). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
303. Levinson, S. C. (1997). "From Outer to Inner Space: Linguistic Categories and Non-Linguistic Thinking," in J. Nuyts and E. Pederson (eds.), Language and Conceptualization (pp. 13-45). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
304. Levinson, S. C. (2000). Presumptive Meanings: The Theory of Generalized Conversational Implica-tures. Cambridge: MIT Press.
305. Lewis, D. K. (1969). Convention. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
306. Lewis, D. K. (1979). "Scorekeeping in a Language Game," Journal of Philosophical Logic, 8:339-59.
307. Liberman, M. and Sag, I. (1974). "Prosodic Form and Discourse Function," in M. LaGaly, R. Fox, A. Bruck (eds.), CLS 10: Papers from the Tenth Regional Meeting of the Chicago Linguistics Society (pp. 402-15). Chicago: Chicago Linguistics Society.
308. Linsky, L. (ed.) (1952). Semantics and the Philosophy of Language. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.
309. Locke, J. (1975). An Essay Concerning Human Understanding. Edited by P. H. Nidditch. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Originally published 1690.
310. Lodge, D. (1996). The Practice of Writing. New York: Penguin.
311. Lyons, J. (1977). Semantics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
312. Lyons, J. (1995a). Linguistic Semantics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
313. Lyons, J. (1995b). "Grammar and Meaning," in F. R. Palmer (ed.), Grammar and Meaning:Essays in Honour of Sir John Lyons (pp. 221-249). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
314. Marti, G. (1993). "The Source of Intensionality," in J. E. Tomberlin (ed.), Philosophical Perspectives 7: Language and Logic, (pp. 197-206). Atascadero, Calif.: Ridgeview.
315. Martin, J. N. (1979). "Some Misconceptions in the Critique of Semantic Presupposition," Theoretical Linguistics, 6: 235-82.
316. Martin, R. M. (1958). Truth and Denotation. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
317. Martin, R. M. (1979). Pragmatics, Truth, and Language. Dordrecht: Reidel.
318. Martinich, A. P. (1980). "Conversational Maxims and Some Philosophical Problems," Philosophical Quarterly, 30: 215-28.
319. Matsumoto, Y. (1995). "The Conversational Condition on Horn Scales," Linguistics and Philosophy, 18: 21-60.
320. McCawley, J. (1978). "Conversational Implicature and the Lexicon," in P. Cole (ed.), Syntax and Semantics 9: Pragmatics (245-59). New York: Academic Press.
321. McCawley, J. (1981). Everything That Linguists Have Always Wanted to Know about Logic: But Were Ashamed to Ask. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
322. McCawley, J. (1991). "Contrastive Negation and Metalinguistic Negation," in L. Dobrin, L. Nichols, and R. Rodriguez (eds.), CLS 27: Papers from the Twenty-seventh Regional Meeting of the Chicago Linguistics Society. Part 2: The Parasession on Negation (pp. 331-44). Chicago: Chicago Linguistics Society.
323. McCawley, J. (1993). Everything That Linguists Have Always Wanted to Know about Logic: But Were Ashamed to Ask. 2nd ed. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
324. Mey, J. (1993). Pragmatics: An Introduction. Oxford: Blackwell.
325. Miller, G. A. and Johnson-Laird, P. N. (1976). Language and Perception. Cambridge:Harvard University Press.
326. Montague, R. (1974). "English as a Formal Language," in R. Thomason (ed.), Formal Philosophy: Selected Papers of Richard Montague (pp. 188-221). New Haven: Yale University Press.
327. Moore, G. E. (1953). Some Main Problems of Philosophy. London: George Allen and Unwin. Lectures from 1910-11.
328. Moore, G. E. (1959). Philosophical Papers. London: George Allen and Unwin.
329. Moore, G. E. (1968). "A Reply to My Critics," in P. A. Schilpp (ed.), The Philosophy of G. E. Moore. Vol. 2, (pp. 535-677). LaSalle, I11.: Open Court. Originally published in 1942.
330. Moore, G. E. (1993). G. E. Moore: Selected Writings. Ed. by Thomas Baldwin. London:Routledge.
331. Morgan, J. L. (1977). "Conversational Postulates Revisited," Language, 53: 277-84.
332. Morgan, J. L. (1978). "Two Types of Convention in Indirect Speech Acts," in P. Cole (ed.), Syntax and Semantics 9: Pragmatics (pp. 261-80). New York: Academic Press.
333. Mortimer, J. (2000). The Summer of a Dormouse. New York: Viking.
334. Mukařovský, J. (1970). "Standard Language and Poetic Language," in D. C. Freeman (ed.), Linguistics and Literary Style (pp. 40-56). New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
335. Munitz, M. K. and Unger, P. K. (eds.) (1974). Semantics and Philosophy. New York: New York University Press.
336. Nagel, T. (1998). "The Sleep of Reason." Review of Sokal and Bricmont (1998), New Republic, 12 October: 32-38.
337. Neale, S. (1992). "Grice and the Philosophy of Language," Linguistics and Philosophy, 15:509-59.
338. Newmeyer, F. J. (1986). Linguistics Theory in America. 2nd ed. New York: Academic Press.
339. Newmeyer, F. J. (1996). Generative Linguistics: A Historical Perspective. London: Routledge.
340. Nowell-Smith, P. H. (1954). Ethics. Harmondsworth: Pelican.
341. Nuyts, J., and Pederson, E. (eds.) (1997). Language and Conceptualization. Cambridge:Cambrdige University Press.
342. Oh, C-K, and Dinneen, D. (eds.) (1979). Syntax and Semantics 11: Presupposition. New York: Academic Press.
343. O'Hair, S. G. (1969). "Implication and Meaning," Theoria, 35: 38-54.
344. Ortony, A. (ed.) (1993). Metaphor and Thought. 2nd ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
345. Peacocke, C. (1992). A Study of Concepts. Cambridge: MIT Press.
346. Popper, K. (1959). The Logic of Scientific Discovery. New York: Basic Books.
347. Popper, K. (1963). Conjectures and Refutations. New York: Basic Books.
348. Price, H. H. (1932). Perception. London: Methuen.
349. Prince, E. (1978). "A Comparison of WH-Clefts and it-Clefts in Discourse," Language, 54:893-906.
350. Pulman, S. G. (1983). Word Meaning and Belief. London: Croom Helm.
351. Putnam, H. (1958). "Formalization of the Concept 'About'," Philosophy of Science, 25:125-30.
352. Putnam, H. (1975). "The Meaning of 'Meaning'," in K. Gunderson (ed.), Minnesota Studies in the Philosophy of Science: 7. Language, Mind, and Knowledge (pp. 131-93). Minneapolis:University of Minnesota Press.
353. Putnam, H. '281976). "'Two Dogmas' Revisited," in G. Ryle (ed.), Contemporary Aspects of Philosophy (pp. 202-13). Stocksfield: Oriel Press.
354. Putnam, H. (1978a). "Meaning, Reference, and Stereotypes," in F. Guenthner and M. Guenthner-Reutter (eds.), Meaning and Translation: Philosophical and Linguistic Approaches (pp. 61-81). London: Duckworth.
355. Putnam, H. (1978b). Meaning and the Moral Sciences. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.
356. Putnam, H. (1978c). "Reference and Understanding," in H. Putnam, Meaning and the Moral Sciences (pp. 97-119). London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.
357. Putnam, H. (1983a). Philosophical Papers: Vol. 3. Realism and Reason. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.
358. Putnam, H. (1983b). "'Two Dogmas' Revisited," in H. Putnam, Philosophical Papers: Vol. 3. Realism and Reason (pp. 87-97). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
359. Putnam, H. (1992a). Renewing Philosophy. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
360. Putnam, H. (1992b). "A Theory of Reference," in H. Putnam, Renewing Philosophy (pp. 35-59). Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
361. Quine, W. V. O. (1956). "Quantifiers and Propositional Attitudes," Journal of Philosophy, 53: 177-87. Repr. in Quine (1976), pp. 185-96.
362. Quine, W. V. O. (1960). Word and Object. Cambridge: MIT Press.
363. Quine, W. V. O. (1969). "Ontological Relativity," in W. V. O. Quine, Ontological Relativity and Other Essays (pp. 26-68). New York: Columbia University Press.
364. Quine, W. V. O. (1974). "First General Discussion," Synthese, 27: 471-508.
365. Quine, W. V. O. (1976). The Ways of Paradox and Other Essays. Rev. and enl. ed. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
366. Quine, W. V. O. (1980a). From a Logical Point of View. 2nd ed. rev. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
367. Quine, W. V. O. (1980b). "On What There Is," in W. V. O. Quine, From a Logical Point of View (pp. 1-19). Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.
368. Quine, W. V. O. (1980c). "Two Dogmas of Empiricism," in W. V. O. Quine, From a Logical Point of View (pp. 20-46). Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
369. Quine, W. V. O. (1981). Mathematical Logic. Rev. ed. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
370. Quine, W. V. O., and Ullian, J. (1978). Web of Belief. New York: Random House.
371. Raichle, M. E. (1994). "Visualizing the Mind," Scientific American, 270 (4 April): 58-64.
372. Raichle, M. E., Fiez, J. A., Videen, T. O., MacLeod, A.-M. K., Pardo, J. V., Fox, P. T. and Petersen, S. E. (1994). "Practice-Related Changes in Human Functional Anatomy during Non-Motor Learning," Cerebral Cortex, 4(January/February): 8-26.
373. Récanati, F. (1989). "The Pragmatics of What Is Said," Mind and Language, 4: 295-329. Repr. in S. Davis, Pragmatics (New York: Oxford University Press, 1991), pp. 97-120.
374. Récanati, F. (1993). Direct Reference: From Language to Thought. Oxford: Blackwell.
375. Reinhart, T. (1983). Anaphora and Semantic Interpretation. London: Croom Helm.
376. Rorty, R. (1979). Philosophy and the Mirror of Nature. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
377. Rorty, R. (1992). The Linguistic Turn. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Originally published 1967.
378. Rorty, R. (1998a). Truth and Progress.Philosophical Papers Vol. 3. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
379. Rorty, R. (1998b). "Dewey between Hegel and Darwin," in R. Rorty, Truth and Progress (pp. 290-306). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
380. Rosch, E. (1977). "Human Categorization," in N. Warren (ed.), Advances in Cross-cultural Psychology (Vol. 1, pp. 1-49). New York: Academic Press.
381. Rosenthal, D. (1993). "Thinking That One Thinks," in M. Davies and Glyn W. Humphreys (eds.), Consciousness (pp. 197-223). Oxford: Blackwell.
382. Ross, J. R. (1970). "On Declarative Sentences," in R. A. Jacobs and P. S. Rosenbaum (eds.), Readings in Transformational Grammar (pp. 222-72). Waltham, Mass.: Giun.
383. Ruhl, C. (1989). On Monosemy: A Study in Linguistic Semantics. Albany: State University of New York Press.
384. Russell, B. (1903). Principles of Mathematics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
385. Russell, B. (1905). "On Denoting," Mind, 14: 479-93. Repr. in Russell (1956), pp. 41-56.
386. Russell, B. (1913). Problems of Philosophy. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
387. Russell, B. (1919). Introduction to Mathematical Philosophy. London: George Allen and Unwin.
388. Russell, B. (1956a). Logic and Knowledge: Essays 1901-1950. Ed. R. Marsh. London: George Allen and Unwin.
389. Russell, B. (1956b). "Mathematical Logic as Based on the Theory of Types," in B. Russell Logic and Knowledge: Essays 1901-1950 (pp. 59-102). Ed. R. Marsh. London: George Allen and Unwin. Originally published 1908.
390. Russell, B. (1959). My Philosophical Development. New York: Simon and Schuster.
391. Ryle, G. (1949). The Concept of Mind. London: Hutchinson.
392. Sacks, H. (1972). "On the Analyzability of Stories by Children," in J. Gumperz and D. Hymes (eds.), Directions in Sociolinguistics: The Ethnography of Communication (pp. 325-45). New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
393. Sacks, S. (ed.) (1981). On Metaphor. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
394. Sadock, J. M. (1975). "Larry Scores a Point," Pragmatics Microfiche (1.4: pp. G10-G13). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
395. Sadock, J. M. (1978). "On Testing for Conversational Implicature," in P. Cole (ed.), Syntax and Semantics 9: Pragmatics (pp. 281-97). New York: Academic Press.
396. Sadock, J. M. (1981). "Almost," in P. Cole (ed.), Radical Pragmatics (pp. 281-97). New York:Academic Press.
397. Sadock, J. M. (1984). "Whither Radical Pragmatics?" in D. Schiffrin (ed.), Georgetown University Round Table on Languages and Linguistics (pp. 139-49). Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press.
398. Sanford, D. (2003). If P, then Q: Conditionals and the Foundations of Reasoning. 2nd ed. London: Routledge.
399. Scharten, R. (1997). "Exhaustive Interpretation: A Discourse-Semantic Account," Ph.D. diss., Catholic University Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
400. Schelling, T. (1960). The Strategy of Conflict. Cambridge: MIT Press.
401. Schiffer, S. (1972). Meaning. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
402. Schiffer, S. (1987). Remnants of Meaning. Cambridge: MIT Press.
403. Schmerling, S. F. (1975). "Asymmetric Conjunction and Rules of Conversation," in P. Cole and J. L. Morgan (eds.), Syntax and Semantics 3: Speech Acts (pp. 211-32). New York:Academic Press.
404. Scott, D. S. (1970). "Advice on Modal Logic," in K. Lambert (ed.), Philosophical Problems in Logic: Recent Developments (pp. 143-73). Dordrecht: The Netherlands: Reidel.
405. Scott, D. S. (1971). "On Engendering an Illusion of Understanding," Journal of Philosophy, 68:787-807.
406. Scott, D. S. (1973). "Background to Formalization," in H. Leblanc (ed.), Truth, Syntax, and Modality (pp. 244-73). Amsterdam: North-Holland.
407. Searle, J. (1969a). Speech Acts. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
408. Searle, J. (1969b). "Assertions and Aberrations," in K. T. Fann (ed.), Symposium on J. L. Austin (pp. 205-18). London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
409. Searle, J. (1979a). Expression and Meaning: Studies in the Theory of Speech Acts. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
410. Searle, J. (1979b). "Literal Meaning," in J. Searle, Expression and Meaning: Studies in the Theory of Speech Acts (pp. 117-36). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
411. Searle, J. (1983). Intentionality. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
412. Searle, J. (1992). The Rediscovery of the Mind. Cambridge: MIT Press.
413. Searle, J. (1995). The Construction of Social Reality. London: Allen Lane, Penguin Press.
414. Searle, J. (1998). Mind, Language, and Society. New York: Basic Books.
415. Sellars, W. (1963). Science, Perception, and Reality. New York: Humanitics Press.
416. Seuren, P. (1973). "The Comparative," in F. Kiefer and N. Ruwet (eds.), Generative Grammar in Europe (pp. 528-64). Dordrecht: Reidel.
417. Seuren, P. (1985). Discourse Semantics. Oxford: Blackwell.
418. Seuren, P. (1988). "Presupposition and Negation," Journal of Sematnics, 6: 175-226.
419. Seuren, P. (1990). "Burton-Roberts on Presupposition and Negation," Journal of Linguistics 26: 425-53.
420. Seuren, P. (1993). "Why Does 2 mean '2'? Grist to the anti-Grice Mill," in E. Hajicová (ed.), Functional Description of Language (pp. 225-35). Proceedings of the Conference on Functional Description of Language in Prague, November 24-27, 1992. Prague: Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University.
421. Seuren, P. (2000). "Presupposition, Negation, and Trivalence," Journal of Linguistics, 36:261-97.
422. Sinnott-Armstrong, W. (1984) "'Ought' Conversationally Implies 'Can'," Philosophical Review, 93: 249-61.
423. Smokier, H. (1966). "Informational Content: A Problem of Definition," Journal of Philosophy, 63: 201-11.
424. Soames, S. (1989). "Presupposition," in D. Gabbay and G. Guenthner (eds.), Handbook of Philosophical Logic, Vol. 4 (pp. 553-616). Dordrecht: Reidel.
425. Sokal, A. and Bricmont, J. (1998). Fashionable Nonsense: Postmodern Intellectuals'Abuse of Science. New York: Picador.
426. Sommers, F. (1982). The Logic of Natural Language. Oxford: Clarendon.
427. Sperber, D. and Wilson, D. (1986a). "Loose Talk," Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society, 86: 153-71. Repr. in Davis (1991), pp. 540-49.
428. Sperber, D. and Wilson, D. (1986b). Relevance: Communication and Cognition. Oxford: Blackwell.
429. Sperber, D. and Wilson, D. (1995). Relevance: Communication and Cognition. 2nd ed. Oxford: Blackwell.
430. Stalnaker, R. C. (1968). "A Theory of Conditionals," in N. Rescher (ed.), Studies in Logical Theory (pp. 98-112). American Philosophical Quarterly Monograph Series, No. 2. Oxford:Blackwell.
431. Stalnaker, R. C. (1972). "Pragmatics," in D. Davidson and G. Harman (eds.), Semantics of Natural Language (pp. 380-97). Dordrecht: Reidel.
432. Stalnaker, R. C. (1974). "Pragmatic Presuppositions," in M. K. Munitz and P. K. Unger (eds.), Semantics and Philosophy (pp. 197-213). New York: New York University Press.
433. Stalnaker, R. C. (1999). Context and Content. New York: Oxford University Press.
434. Steinberg, D. D. and Jokobovits, L. A. (eds.) (1971). Semantics: An Interdisciplinary Reader in Philosophy, Linguistics, and Psychology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
435. Steiner, G. (1975a). After Babel. New York: Oxford University Press.
436. Steiner, G. (1975b). "Word against Object," in G. Steiner, After Babel (pp. 110-235). New York: Oxford University Press.
437. Stern, J. (1983). "Metaphor and Grammatical Deviance," Nous, 17: 577-99.
438. Stern, J. (1985). "Metaphor as Demonstrative." Journal of Philosophy, 82: 677-710.
439. Stern, J. (1991). "What Metaphors Do Not Mean," in P. A. French, T. E. Uehling Jr., and H. K. Wettstein (eds.), Midwest Studies in Philosophy 16: (13-52). Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
440. Stern, J. (2000). Metaphor in Context. Cambridge: MIT Press.
441. Stich, S. P. (1983). From Folk Psychology to Cognitive Science: The Case against Belief. Cambridge: MIT Press.
442. Strawson, P. F. (1950). "On Referring," Mind, 159: 320-44. Repr. in Strawson (1971a), pp. 1-27.
443. Strawson, P. F. (1952). Introduction to Logical Theory. London: Methuen.
444. Strawson, P. F. (1954). "A Reply to Mr Sellars," Philosophical Review, 63: 216-31.
445. Strawson, P. F. (1964). "Identifying Reference and Truth-values," Theoria, 30: 96-118. Repr. In Strawson (1971a), pp. 75-95.
446. Strawson, P. F. (1971a). Logico-Linguistic Papers. London: Methuen.
447. Strawson, P. F. (1971b). "On Referring," in P. F. Strawson, Logico-Linguistic Papers (pp. 1-27). London: Methuen.
448. Strawson, P. F. (1971c). "Identifying Reference and Truth-values," in P. F. Strawson, Logico-Linguistic Papers (pp. 75-95). London: Methuen.
449. Taylor, M. (1998). Truth and Meaning. Oxford: Blackwell.
450. Thomas, J. (1995). Meaning in Interaction: An Introduction to Pragmatics. London:Longman.
451. Thomason, R. H. (1973). "Philosophy and Formal Semantics," in H. Leblanc (ed.), Truth, Syntax, and Modality (pp. 294-307). Amsterdam: North Holland.
452. Thomason, R. H. (1984). "Accomodation, Meaning, and Implicature: Interdisciplinary Foundations for Pragmatics." Unpublished ms., University of Pittsburgh.
453. Thomason, R. H. (1990). "Accomodation, Meaning, and Implicature: Interdisciplinary Foundations for Pragmatics," in P. R. Cohen, J. Morgan, and M. E. Pollack (eds.), Intentions in Communication (pp. 325-64). Cambridge: MIT Press.
454. Tuchman, B. (1978). A Distant Mirror: The Calamitous Fourteenth Century. New York: Knopf.
455. Ullman, S. (1979). The Interpretation of Visual Motion. Cambridge: MIT Press.
456. Valéry, P. (1961). The Art of Poetry. New York: Vintage.
457. van der Auwera, J. (1997). "Conditional Perfection," in A. Athanasiadou and R. Dirven (eds.) On Conditionals Again (pp. 169-90). Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
458. van der Sandt, R. (1988). Context and Presupposition. London: Croom Helm.
459. Valéry, P. (1991). "Denial," in L. Dobrin, L. Nichols, and R. Rodriguez (eds.), CLS 27: Papers from the Twenty-Seventh Regional Meeting of the Chicago Linguistics Society. Part Two:the Parasession on Negation (pp. 331-44). Chicago: Chicago Linguistics Society.
460. van Fraassen, B. (1971). Formal Semantics and Logic. New York: Macmillan.
461. van Kuppevelt, J. (1996). "Inferring from Topics: Scalar Implicatures as Topic-dependent Inferences," Linguistics and Philosophy, 19: 393-43.
462. Vendler, Z. (1967). Linguistics in Philosophy. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
463. Vendler, Z. (1975a). "On What We Know," in K. Gunderson (ed.), Minnesota Studies in the Philosophy of Science: 7. Language, Mind, and Knowledge (pp. 370-90). Minneapolis:University of Minnesota Press.
464. Vendler, Z. (1975b). "Reply to Professor Aune," in K. Gunderson (ed.), Minnesota Studies in the Philosophy of Science: 7. Language, Mind, and Knowledge (pp. 400-402). Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
465. von Klopp, A. (1993). "Negation: Implications for Theories of Natural Language." Ph.D. diss., University of Edinburgh, Scotland.
466. Walker, R. C. (1975). "Conversational Implicatures," in S. Blackburn (ed.) Meaning, Reference, and Necessity (pp. 133-81). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
467. Warnock, G. (1973). "Saturday Mornings," in I. Berlin, L. Forguson, D. Pears, G. Pitcher, J. Searle, P. Strawson, and G. Warnack. Essays on J. L. Austin (pp. 31-45). Oxford:Clarendon.
468. Weydt, H. (1972). "Le Concept d'ambiguité en grammaire transformationelle-générative et en linguistique fonctionelle," La Linguistique, 8: 41-72.
469. White, M. G. (1950). "The Analytic and the Synthetic: An Untenable Dualism," in S. Hook (ed.), John Dewey: Philosopher of Science and Freedom (pp. 316-30). New York: Dial. Repr. in L. Linsky (1952), 272-86, and in White (1973), 121-37.
470. White, M. G. (1952). "The Analytic and the Synthetic: An Untenable Dualism," in L. Linsky (ed.), Semantics and the Philosophy of Language (pp. 272-86). Urbana: University of Illinois Press.
471. White, M. G. (1956). Toward Reunion in Philosophy. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
472. White, M. G. (1963a). Toward Reunion in Philosophy. New York: Atheneum.
473. White, M. G. (1963b). "The Analytic and the Synthetic," in M. G. White, Toward Reunion in Philosophy (pp. 133-47). New York: Atheneum.
474. White, M. G. (1965). Foundations of Historical Knowledge. New York: Harper and Row.
475. White, M. G. (1973a). Pragmatism and the American Mind. New York: Oxford University Press.
476. White, M. G. (1973b). "The Analytic and the Synthetic: An Untenable Dualism," in M. G. White, Pragmatism and the American Mind: Essays and Reviews in Philosophy and Intellectual History (pp. 121-37). New York: Oxford University Press.
477. White, M. G. (1979). "Oughts and Cans," in A. Ryan (ed.), The Idea of Freedom: Essays in Honour of Isaiah Berlin (pp. 211-19). New York: Oxford University Press.
478. White, M. G. (1981). What Is and What Ought to Be Done. New York: Oxford University Press.
479. White, M. G. (1986). "Normative Ethics, Normative Epistemology, and Quine's Holism," in L. E. Hahn and P. A. Schillp (eds.), The Philosophy of W. V. Quine. (pp. 649-62). La Salle,I11.:Open Court.
480. White, M. G. (1993). The Question of Free Will: A Holistic View. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
481. Whitehead, A. and Russell, B. (1970). Principia Mathematica to *56. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press. Originally published 1910.
482. Williamson, T. (1994). Vagueness. London: Routledge.
483. Wilson, D. (1975). Presuppositions and Non-Truth-Conditional Semantics. New York:Academic Press.
484. Wilson, D. and Sperber, D. (1979). "Ordered Entailments: An Alternative to Presuppositional Theories," in C-K Oh and D. Dinneen (eds.), Syntax and Semantics 11:Presupposition (pp. 299-323). New York: Academic Press.
485. Wilson, D. and Sperber, D. (1981). "On Grice's Theory of Conversation," in P. Werth (ed.), Conversation and Discourse (pp. 155-78). London: Croom Helm.
486. Wittgenstein, L. (1967). Philosophical Investigations. Oxford: Blackwell.
487. Wittgenstein, L. (1969). On Certainty. Oxford: Blackwell.
488. Wittgenstein, L. (1974). Letters to Russell, Keynes, and Moore. Oxford: Blackwell.
489. Wood, J. (1998). "The Flying Trapezius," New Republic, 219 (14 December 1998): 37-42.
490. Yoshimura, A. (1998). "Procedural Semantics and Metalinguistic Negation," in R. Carston and S. Uchida (eds.), Relevance Theory: Applications and Implications (pp. 105-22). Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
491. Ziff, P. (1972a). "What Is Said," in G. Harman and D. Davidson (eds.), Semantics of Natural Language (pp. 709-21). Dordrecht: Reidel.
492. Ziff, P. (1972b). Understanding Understanding. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
493. Ziff, P. (1972c). "What Is Said," in P. Ziff, Understanding Understanding (pp. 20-38). Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
494. Ziff, P. (1972d). "Something about Conceptual Schemes," in P. Ziff, Understanding Understanding (pp. 127-41). Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
495. Zwarts, F. (1996). "Negation: A Notion in Focus," in H. Wansing (ed.), Perspektiven der analytischen Philosophie (Perspectives in Analytical Philosophy) (Vol. 7, pp. 169-194). Berlin, New York: Walter de Gruyter.
496. Zwarts, F. (1998). "Three Types of Polarity," in F. Hamm and E. Hinrichs (eds.), Plurality and Quantification (pp. 177-238). Dordrecht: Kluwer.
497. Zwicky, A. and Sadock, J. (1975). "Ambiguity Tests and How to Fail Them," in J. P. Kimball (ed.), Syntax and Semantics 4 (pp. 1-35). New York: Academic Press.