Women, Women's Organizations, and Political Parties 1

Women and American Politics: New Questions, New Directions

Volumn , Issue , 2003, Pages

  Baer, Denise L ^a  

^a GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Interest groups; Leadership; Organizational culture; Political parties; Recruitment; Women; Women's movement; Women's organizations

Indexed keywords

EID: 84921056956     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1093/0198293488.003.0006     Document Type: Chapter

References (90)

1. Andersen, Kristi. 1996. After Suffrage: Women in Partisan and Electoral Politics Before the New Deal. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
2. Baer, Denise L. 1993a. "Political Parties: The Missing Variable in Women and Politics Research." Political Research Quarterly 46: 547-76.
3. Baer, Denise L. 1993b. "Who Has the Body? Party Institutionalization and Theories of Party Organization." American Review of Politics 14: 1-32.
4. Baer, Denise L. 1998. "The Gender Gap in Turnout and Preference in 1996: Strategic Implications for the Political Empowerment of Women." In Women's Progress. Washington, DC: Institute for Women's Policy Research.
5. Baer, Denise L. 1999. "The Political Interests of Women: Movement Politics, Political Reform and Women's Organizations." In Women in Politics: Outsiders or Insiders? 3rd ed., ed. Lois Duke Whitaker. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
6. Baer, Denise L, and David A. Bositis. 1988. Elite Cadres and Party Coalitions: Representing the Public in Party Politics. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press.
7. Baer, Denise L, and David A. Bositis. 1993. Politics and Linkage in a Democratic Society. Westport, Conn.: Prentice Hall.
8. Baer, Denise L, and Julie A. Dolan. 1994. "Intimate Connections: Political Interests and Group Activity in State and Local Parties." In Comparative State Parties: Their Electoral, Organizational and Governing Roles, ed. Sarah P. Morehouse and Malcolm E. Jewell. A special issue of the American Review of Politics 15: 257-89.
9. Banaszak, Lee Ann. 1996. Why Movements Succeed or Fail: Opportunity, Culture and the Struggle for Woman Suffrage. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
10. Baumgartner, Frank R., and Walker, Jack L. 1988. "Survey Research and Membership in Voluntary Associations." American Journal of Political Science 32: 902-28.
11. Baumgartner, Frank R., and Walker, Jack L. - 1990. "Response." American Journal of Political Science 34: 662-70.
12. Berry, Jeffrey M. 1989. "Subgovernments, Issue Networks and Political Conflict." In Remaking American Politics, ed. Richard A. Harris and Sidney M. Milkis. Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press.
13. Biersak, Robert, and Paul S. Herrnson. 1994. "Political Parties and the Year of the Woman." In The Year of the Woman: Myths and Realities, ed. Elizabeth Adell Cook, Sue Thomas, and Clyde Wilcox. Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press.
14. Blair, Karen J. 1989. History of American Women's Voluntary Organizations, 1810-1960: A Guide to Sources. Boston: G. K. Hall.
15. Bosso, Christopher. 1995. "The Color of Money: Environmental Groups and the Pathologies of Fund Raising." In Interest Group Politics, 4th ed., ed. Allan J. Cigler and Burdett A. Loomis. Washington, DC: CQ Press.
16. Breckinridge, Sophonisba P. [1933] 1972. Women in the Twentieth Century. New York: ARNO Press.
17. Browning, Rufus P., Dale Rogers Marshall, and David H. Tabb. [1990] 1997. "Has Political Incorporation Been Achieved? Is It Enough?" In Racial Politics in American Cities, ed. Rufus, P. Browning, Dale Rogers Marshall, and David H. Tabb. New York: Longman.
18. Carmines, Edward G., and James A. Stimson. 1989. Issue Evolution: Race and the Transformation of American Politics. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
19. Center for American Women and Politics (CAWP). 2002. "Women in the U.S. Congress 2001." Fact Sheet. New Brunswick, NJ: Center for American Women and Politics (CAWP).
20. Collins, Patricia Hill. 1990. Black Feminist Thought: Knowledge, Consciousness, and the Politics of Empowerment. Boston: Unwin, Hyman.
21. Conover, Pamela J., and Virginia Gray. 1983. Feminism and the New Right: Conflict Over the American Family. New York: Praeger.
22. Cook, Elizabeth Adell. 1999. "The Generations of Feminism." In Women in Politics: Outsiders or Insiders?, 3rd ed., ed. Lois Duke Whitaker. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
23. Costain, Anne N. 1992. Inviting Women's Rebellion: A Political Process Interpretation of the Women's Movement. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
24. Cotter, Cornelius P., and Bernard Hennessy. 1964. Politics Without Power. New York: Atherton Press.
25. Democratic National Committee. Democratic Party Charter. 1974. Washington, DC: Democratic National Committee.
26. Darcy, Robert M., Susan Welch, and Janet Clark. 1987. Women, Elections and Representation. New York: Longman.
27. Disney, Jennifer Leight, and Joyce Gelb. 2000. "Feminist Organizational 'Success': The State of U.S. Women's Movement Organizations in the 1990s." Women & Politics 21: 39-76.
28. Freedman, Estelle B. 1979. "Separatism as Strategy: Female Institution Building and American Feminism, 1870-1930." Feminist Studies 5: 512-29.
29. Freeman, Jo. 1975. The Politics of Women's Liberation. New York: Longman.
30. Freeman, Jo. 1983. "On the Origins of Social Movements." In Social Movements of the Sixties and Seventies, ed. Jo Freeman. New York: Longman.
31. Freeman, Jo. 1986. "The Political Culture of the Democratic and Republican Parties." Political Science Quarterly 101: 327-56.
32. Freeman, Jo. 1993. "Women at the 1992 Democratic and Republican Conventions." PS: Politics and Political Science 26: 21-28.
33. Freeman, Jo. 2000. A Room at a Time: How Women Entered Party Politics. New York: Rowman and Littlefield.
34. Gant, Michael M., and Norman R. Luttbeg. 1990. American Electoral Behavior, 1952-1988. Itasca, Ill.: F. E. Peacock.
35. Gelb, Joyce, and Marian Palley. 1982. Women and Public Policies. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
36. Giddings, Paula. 1984. When and Where I Enter: The Impact of Black Women on Race and Sex in America. New York: William Morrow.
37. Giddings, Paula. 1988. In Search of Sisterhood: Delta Sigma Theta and the Challenge of the Black Sorority Movement. New York: William Morrow.
38. Gillespie, J. David. 1993. Politics at the Periphery: Third Parties in Two-Party America. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press.
39. Graham, Sara Hunter. 1996. Woman Suffrage and the New Democracy. New Haven: Yale University Press.
40. Gusfield, Joseph R. 1962. "Mass Society and Extremist Politics." American Sociological Review 27: 19-30.
41. Heclo, Hugh. 1978. "Issue Networks and the Executive Establishment." In The New American Political System, ed. Anthony King. Washington, DC: American Enterprise Institute.
42. Heinz, John P., Edward O. Laumann, Robert L. Nelson, and Robert H. Salisbury. 1993. The Hollow Core: Private Interests in National Policy Making. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
43. Herring, E. Pendleton. [1929] 1941. Group Representation Before Congress. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins Press.
44. Hooks, bell. 1981. Ain't I a Woman? Black Women and Feminism. Boston: South End Press.
45. Johnson, Dennis. 2001. No Place for Amateurs. New York: Routledge.
46. Kaminer, Wendy. 1984. Women Volunteering: The Pleasure, Pain and Politics of Unpaid Work from 1830 to the Present. Garden City, NY: Anchor.
47. Kaplan, Temma. 1997. Crazy for Democracy: Women in Grassroots Movements. New York: Routledge.
48. Kornhauser, William. 1959. The Politics of Mass Society. Glencoe, Ill.: The Free Press.
49. Lane, Robert E. 1959. Political Life: Why People Get Involved in Politics. Glencoe, Ill.: The Free Press.
50. Mansbridge, Jane. 1986. Why We Lost the ERA. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
51. March, James G., and Johan P. Olson. 1989. Rediscovering Institutions: The Organizational Basis of Politics. New York: Free Press.
52. Marilley, Suzanne M. 1996. Woman Suffrage and the Origins of Liberal Feminism in the United States, 1820-1920. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
53. McAdam, Doug. 1982. Political Process and the Development of Black Insurgency, 1930-1970. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
54. McCarthy, John D., and Mayer N. Zald. 1973. The Trends of Social Movements in America: Professionalization and Resource Mobilization. Morristown, NJ: General Learning Press.
55. McGlen, Nancy E., and Karen O'Connor. 1983. Women's Rights: The Struggle for Equality in the 19th and 20th Century. New York: Praeger.
56. Melich, Tanya. 1996. The Republican War Against Women. New York: Bantam Doubleday.
57. Milbrath, Lester. 1961. The Washington Lobbyists. 2nd ed. Chicago: Rand McNally.
58. Minkoff, Debra. 1997. "Organizational Mobilizations, Institutional Access, and Institutional Change." In Women Transforming Politics: An Alternative Reader, ed. Cathy J. Cohen, Kathleen B. Jones, and Joan C. Tronto. New York: New York University Press.
59. Nagel, Jack H. 1987. Participation. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
60. Naples, Nancy A. 1998. Community Activism and Feminist Politics: Organizing Across Race, Class and Gender. New York: Routledge.
61. Noble, Joanne. 1996. "Paradigm Shifts Facing Leaders of Black Women's Organizations." In Voices of Vision, ed. Julianne Malveaux. Washington, DC: National Council of Negro Women.
62. Oakley, Ann. 1974. The Sociology of Housework. London: Martin Robinson.
63. Olson, Mancur. 1965. The Logic of Collective Action. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.
64. Pateman, Carole. 1970. Political Participation and Workplace Democracy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
65. Polsby, Nelson. 1980. "The News Media as an Alternative to Party in the Presidential Selection Process." In Political Parties of the Eighties, ed. Robert M. Goldwin. Washington, DC: American Enterprise Institute.
66. Polsby, Nelson. 1983. Consequences of Party Reform. New York: Oxford University Press.
67. Reid-Merritt, Patricia. 1996. "Black Female Leadership: Standing on the Verge of a New Movement for Social Change." In Voices of Vision, ed. Julianne Malveaux. Washington, DC: National Council of Negro Women.
68. Rosenstone, Steven J., and John Mark Hansen. 1993. Mobilization, Participation and Democracy in America. New York: Macmillan.
69. Rosenthal, Alan. 1993. The Third House: Lobbyists and Lobbying in the States. Washington, DC: CQ Press.
70. Salisbury, Robert H. 1969. "An Exchange Theory of Interest Groups." Midwest Journal of Political Science 13: 1-32.
71. Schattschneider, E. E. 1975. The Semisovereign People. Hinsdale, Ill.: The Dryden Press.
72. Schlesinger, Joseph. 1984. "On the Theory of Party Organization." Journal of Politics 46: 369-400.
73. Schlozman, Kay Lehman. 1986. "Representing Women in Washington: Sisterhood and Pressure Politics." Paper presented at the 1986 Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association, Washington Hilton, Washington, DC, 28-31 August.
74. Schlozman, Kay Lehman, Nancy Burns, and Sidney Verba. 1994. "Gender and the Pathways to Participation: The Role of Resources" Journal of Politics 56: 963-90.
75. Schlozman, Kay Lehman, Nancy Burns, and Sidney Verba. 1999. "'What Happened at Work Today?' A Multistage Model of Gender, Employment, and Political Participation." Journal of Politics 61: 29-53.
76. Schlozman, Kay Lehman, Nancy Burns, Sidney Verba, and Jesse Donahue. 1995. "Gender and Civic Participation: Is There a Different Voice?" American Journal of Political Science 39: 267-93.
77. Scott, Anne Firor. 1990. "Women's Voluntary Associations: From Charity to Reform." In Lady Bountiful Revisited: Women's Philanthropy and Power, ed. Kathleen D. McCarthy. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.
78. Scruggs, Yvonne. 1996. "American Women and Political Empowerment." In Voices of Vision, ed. Julianne Malveaux. Washington, DC: National Council of Negro Women.
79. Shafer, Byron. 1983. Quiet Revolution: The Struggle for the Democratic Party and the Shaping of Post-Reform Politics. New York: Russell Sage.
80. Sinclair Deckard, Barbara. 1983. The Women's Movement: Political, Socioeconomic, and Psychological Issues. New York: Harper and Row.
81. Sommers, Christina Hoff. 1994. Who Stole Feminism?: How Women Have Betrayed Women. New York: Simon and Schuster.
82. Thomas, Sue. 1994. "Women in State Legislatures: One Step at a Time." In The Year of the Woman, ed. Elizabeth Adell Cook, Sue Thomas, and Clyde Wilcox. Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press.
83. Truman, David. [1951] 1971. Governmental Process: Political Interests and Public Opinion. New York: Alfred Knopf.
84. Verba, Sidney, Kay L. Schlozman, and Henry E. Brady. 1997. "Reply to Reviews." American Political Science Review 91: 427-30.
85. Walker, Jack L., Jr. 1991. Mobilizing Interest Groups in America: Patrons, Professions and Social Movements. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
86. Walker, Jack L., Jr, and Frank R. Baumgartner. 1988. "Survey Research and Membership in Voluntary Associations." American Journal of Political Science 32: 908-28.
87. Walker, Jack L., Jr, and Frank R. Baumgartner. 1990. Measurement Validity and the Continuity of Results in Survey Research. American Journal of Political Science 34: 662-70.
88. Watts, Margit Misangyi. 1993. High Tea at Halekulani: Feminist Theory and American Clubwomen. Brooklyn, NY: Carlson.
89. Wells, Mildred White. 1975. Unity in Diversity: The History of the General Federation of Women's Clubs. Washington, DC: General Federation of Women's Clubs.
90. Wollbrecht, Christina. 2000. The Politics of Women's Rights: Parties, Positions, and Change. Princeton: Princeton University Press.