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Volumn 2, Issue 1, 2013, Pages 58-65

Risk Factors for Psoriasis

Author keywords

Epidemiology; Incidence; Obesity; Prognosis; Psoriasis; Risk factors; Smoking

Indexed keywords

CYTOCHROME P450; NICOTINIC RECEPTOR;

EID: 84921032331     PISSN: None     EISSN: 21624933     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s13671-012-0034-6     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (12)

References (52)
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    • •• Parisi R, Symmons DP, Griffiths CE, Ashcroft DM; on behalf of the Identification and Management of Psoriasis and Associated ComorbidiTy (IMPACT) project team. Global epidemiology of psoriasis: a systematic review of incidence and prevalence. J Invest Dermatol. 2012 Sep 27. doi: 10. 1038/jid. 2012. 339. [Epub ahead of print]. A systematic review of psoriasis prevalence and incidence data worldwide. An essential reference paper.
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    • A paper exploiting data from the UK General Practice Research Database showing that the prevalence of psoriasis declines significantly in patients 70 years and older, possibly due to increased mortality rates in older psoriatic patients compared with the general population of the same age
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    • Two related papers (ref. 12 and 13) from the same research group based on data resources of the Rochester Epidemiology Project in the Olmsted County, Minnesota. Validated CASPAR criteria were used for the diagnosis of psoriatic arthritis. The two studies document a trend toward increasing incidence of both psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis from January 1970 to December 1999. The annual incidence rate of psoriasis almost doubled during the study period
    • •• Icen M, Crowson CS, McEvoy MT, Dann FJ, Gabriel SE, Kremers HM. Trends in incidence of adult-onset psoriasis over three decades: a population based study. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2009; 60: 394-401. Two related papers (ref. 12 and 13) from the same research group based on data resources of the Rochester Epidemiology Project in the Olmsted County, Minnesota. Validated CASPAR criteria were used for the diagnosis of psoriatic arthritis. The two studies document a trend toward increasing incidence of both psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis from January 1970 to December 1999. The annual incidence rate of psoriasis almost doubled during the study period.
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    • Icen, M.1    Crowson, C.S.2    McEvoy, M.T.3    Dann, F.J.4    Gabriel, S.E.5    Kremers, H.M.6
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    • Time trends in epidemiology and characteristics of psoriatic arthritis over three decades: A population-based study
    • Two related papers (ref. 12 and 13) from the same research group based on data resources of the Rochester Epidemiology Project in the Olmsted County, Minnesota. Validated CASPAR criteria were used for the diagnosis of psoriatic arthritis. The two studies document a trend toward increasing incidence of both psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis from January 1970 to December 1999. The annual incidence rate of psoriasis almost doubled during the study period
    • •• Wilson FC, Icen M, Crowson CS, McEvoy MT, Gabriel SE, Kremers HM. Time trends in epidemiology and characteristics of psoriatic arthritis over three decades: A population-based study. J Rheumatol. 2009; 36: 361-7. Two related papers (ref. 12 and 13) from the same research group based on data resources of the Rochester Epidemiology Project in the Olmsted County, Minnesota. Validated CASPAR criteria were used for the diagnosis of psoriatic arthritis. The two studies document a trend toward increasing incidence of both psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis from January 1970 to December 1999. The annual incidence rate of psoriasis almost doubled during the study period.
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    • A prospective cohort study with nested case-control analysis using the U.K. General Practice Research Database containing computerized clinical information entered by general practitioners. The incidence rate of psoriasis was 14 per 10,000 person-year. Patients with antecedents of skin disorders and skin infection within the last year had the highest risk of developing psoriasis (misclassified prodromal signs of psoriasis?). Also, smoking was found to be an independent risk factor. No association was documented with antecedents of stress, diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, cardiovascular disease, or rheumatoid arthritis
    • • Huerta C, Rivero E, Rodríguez LA. Incidence and risk factors for psoriasis in the general population. Arch Dermatol. 2007; 143: 1559-65. A prospective cohort study with nested case-control analysis using the U. K. General Practice Research Database containing computerized clinical information entered by general practitioners. The incidence rate of psoriasis was 14 per 10, 000 person-year. Patients with antecedents of skin disorders and skin infection within the last year had the highest risk of developing psoriasis (misclassified prodromal signs of psoriasis?). Also, smoking was found to be an independent risk factor. No association was documented with antecedents of stress, diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, cardiovascular disease, or rheumatoid arthritis.
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    • •• Naldi L, Chatenoud L, Linder D, et al. Cigarette smoking, body mass index, and stressful life events as risk factors for psoriasis: results from an Italian case-control study. J Invest Dermatol. 2005; 125: 61-7. An Italian study part of a long term case-control surveillance programme of newly diagnosed cases of psoriasis with history of skin manifestations no longer than one year. Several purported risk factors were simultaneously assessed.
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    • The Nurses' Health Studies are among the largest and longest running investigations of factors that influence women's health. Started in 1976 and expanded in 1989, information has provided by about 238,000 dedicated nurse-participants. The relationship between smoking status (including duration, intensity, cessation, and exposure to secondhand smoke) and incident psoriasis was examined during a 14-year time period (1991-2005). The primary outcome was incident, self-reported, physician-diagnosed psoriasis
    • •• Setty AR, Curhan G, Choi HK. Smoking and the risk of psoriasis in women: Nurses' Health Study II. Am J Med. 2007; 120: 953-9. The Nurses' Health Studies are among the largest and longest running investigations of factors that influence women's health. Started in 1976 and expanded in 1989, information has provided by about 238, 000 dedicated nurse-participants (http://www. channing. harvard. edu/nhs/). The relationship between smoking status (including duration, intensity, cessation, and exposure to secondhand smoke) and incident psoriasis was examined during a 14-year time period (1991-2005). The primary outcome was incident, self-reported, physician-diagnosed psoriasis.
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    • The study presents a combined analysis of three cohorts: a cohort of older women (the Nurses' Health Study, 1996-2008), a cohort of younger women (the Nurses' Health Study II, 1991-2005), and a cohort of men (Health Professionals' Follow-up Study, 1986-2006). A total of 185,836 participants (2,410 with incident psoriasis) were included. Information on smoking was collected biennially during follow-up. The relative risk of incident psoriasis was 1.94 (95 % CI: 1.64, 2.28) for current smokers. There was a graded reduction of risk with an increase in time since smoking cessation
    • •• Li W, Han J, Choi HK, Qureshi AA. Smoking and risk of incident psoriasis among women and men in the United States: a combined analysis. Am J Epidemiol. 2012; 175: 402-13. The study presents a combined analysis of three cohorts: a cohort of older women (the Nurses' Health Study, 1996-2008), a cohort of younger women (the Nurses' Health Study II, 1991-2005), and a cohort of men (Health Professionals' Follow-up Study, 1986-2006). A total of 185, 836 participants (2, 410 with incident psoriasis) were included. Information on smoking was collected biennially during follow-up. The relative risk of incident psoriasis was 1. 94 (95 % CI: 1. 64, 2. 28) for current smokers. There was a graded reduction of risk with an increase in time since smoking cessation.
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    • This paper presents evidence that polymorphisms in the IL13/IL4 region may associate with protection from developing psoriatic arthritis and that this effect is abrogated by smoking. It is unclear from the data presented whether smoking per se associated with psoriatic arthritis
    • • Duffin KC, Freeny IC, Schrodi SJ, Wong B, Feng BJ, Soltani-Arabshahi R, et al. Association between IL13 polymorphisms and psoriatic arthritis is modified by smoking. J Invest Dermatol. 2009; 129: 2777-83. This paper presents evidence that polymorphisms in the IL13/IL4 region may associate with protection from developing psoriatic arthritis and that this effect is abrogated by smoking. It is unclear from the data presented whether smoking per se associated with psoriatic arthritis.
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    • A review of epidemiologic data on psoriasis including descriptive, analytic and clinical epidemiology
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    • A paper based on data from the Nurses' Health Study II. Nonlight beer intake was associated with an increased risk of developing psoriasis among women. Other alcoholic beverages did not increase the risk
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    • (2010) Arch Dermatol. , vol.146 , pp. 1364-1369
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    • A meta-analysis of 15 case-control studies. Most of the studies were actually cross-sectional and based on prevalent cases
    • • Zhu KJ, Zhu CY, Fan YM. Alcohol consumption and psoriatic risk: a meta-analysis of case-control studies. J Dermatol. 2012; 39: 770-3. A meta-analysis of 15 case-control studies. Most of the studies were actually cross-sectional and based on prevalent cases.
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    • Obesity, waist circumference, weight change, and the risk of psoriasis in women. Nurses' Health Study II
    • The relationships between BMI, weight change, waist circumference, hip circumference, waist-hip ratio, and incident psoriasis were analyzed over a 14-year period in 78,626 women participating in the Nurses' Health Study II. There were 892 self-reported incident cases of psoriasis. A graded positive association between BMI measured at multiple time points and the risk of incident psoriasis was documented. Weight gain from the age of 18 years, higher waist circumference, hip circumference, and waist-hip ratio were associated with psoriasis
    • •• Setty AR, Curhan G, Choi HK. Obesity, waist circumference, weight change, and the risk of psoriasis in women. Nurses' Health Study II. Arch Intern Med. 2007; 167: 1670-5. The relationships between BMI, weight change, waist circumference, hip circumference, waist-hip ratio, and incident psoriasis were analyzed over a 14-year period in 78, 626 women participating in the Nurses' Health Study II. There were 892 self-reported incident cases of psoriasis. A graded positive association between BMI measured at multiple time points and the risk of incident psoriasis was documented. Weight gain from the age of 18 years, higher waist circumference, hip circumference, and waist-hip ratio were associated with psoriasis.
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    • Environmental risk factors in pediatric psoriasis: a multicenter case-control study
    • A multicenter, case-control study of 537 patients with psoriasis and 511 controls younger than age 18 years. Overall, patients more frequently reported exposure to environmental tobacco smoke at home (OR 2.9) and stressful life events in the year preceding the diagnosis than controls (OR 2.9). In addition, children with psoriasis were more likely to have a higher BMI (>26) than controls (OR = 2.5)
    • • Ozden MG, Tekin NS, Gürer MA, et al. Environmental risk factors in pediatric psoriasis: a multicenter case-control study. Pediatr Dermatol. 2011; 28: 306-12. A multicenter, case-control study of 537 patients with psoriasis and 511 controls younger than age 18 years. Overall, patients more frequently reported exposure to environmental tobacco smoke at home (OR 2. 9) and stressful life events in the year preceding the diagnosis than controls (OR 2. 9). In addition, children with psoriasis were more likely to have a higher BMI (> 26) than controls (OR = 2. 5).
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    • Association of pediatric psoriasis severity with excess and central adiposity: an international cross-sectional study
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    • Obesity in early adulthood as a risk factor for psoriatic arthritis
    • A study in 943 volunteering patients with dermatologist-diagnosed psoriasis enrolled in the Utah Psoriasis Initiative (2002-2008). BMI at age 18 years was predictive of psoriatic arthritis. Koebner phenomenon and nail involvement were also associated with psoriatic arthritis
    • • Soltani-Arabshahi R, Wong B, Feng BJ, Goldgar DE, Duffin KC, Krueger GG. Obesity in early adulthood as a risk factor for psoriatic arthritis. Arch Dermatol. 2010; 146: 721-6. A study in 943 volunteering patients with dermatologist-diagnosed psoriasis enrolled in the Utah Psoriasis Initiative (2002-2008). BMI at age 18 years was predictive of psoriatic arthritis. Koebner phenomenon and nail involvement were also associated with psoriatic arthritis.
    • (2010) Arch Dermatol. , vol.146 , pp. 721-726
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    • Obesity and the risk of psoriatic arthritis: a population-based study
    • A cohort study using data from The Health Improvement Network, a medical records database representative of the UK general population, collected between 1995 and 2010. The exposure of interest was the first BMI measured after psoriasis diagnosis and endpoints were incident cases of physician-diagnosed psoriatic arthritis. Among 75,395 individuals with psoriasis, 976 developed psoriatic arthritis (incidence rate, 26.5 per 10,000 person-years). The incidence rates increased with increasing BMI
    • •• Love TJ, Zhu Y, Zhang Y, Wall-Burns L, Ogdie A, Gelfand JM, et al. Obesity and the risk of psoriatic arthritis: a population-based study. Ann Rheum Dis. 2012; 71: 1273-7. A cohort study using data from The Health Improvement Network, a medical records database representative of the UK general population, collected between 1995 and 2010. The exposure of interest was the first BMI measured after psoriasis diagnosis and endpoints were incident cases of physician-diagnosed psoriatic arthritis. Among 75, 395 individuals with psoriasis, 976 developed psoriatic arthritis (incidence rate, 26. 5 per 10, 000 person-years). The incidence rates increased with increasing BMI.
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    • •• Frankel HC, Han J, Li T, Qureshi AA. The association between physical activity and the risk of incident psoriasis. Arch Dermatol. 2012; 148: 918-24. A study based on data from the Nurses' Health Study II. Women completed detailed physical activity questionnaires in 1991, 1997, and 2001. The risk of self-reported diagnosis of psoriasis by quintile of physical activity was calculated. The most physically active quintile of women had a lower risk of psoriasis compared with the least active quintile (RR 0. 72). Vigorous physical activity (≥6 metabolic equivalents) also was associated with a reduced risk of psoriasis (RR 0. 66).
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    • doi: 10. 1111/j. 1468-3083. 2012. 04703. x. [Epub ahead of print] An analysis conducted within the cohort of U. S. female nurses of The Nurses' Health Study II, followed up from 1993 to 2005. Participants reported anti-depressant use and completed the Mental Health Index (MHI), a subscale of the Short-Form 36 in 1993. Depression was associated with an increased risk of incident psoriasis
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