Diversification practices reduce organic to conventional yield gap

Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences

Volumn 282, Issue 1799, 2015, Pages

  Ponisio, Lauren C ^a   M’gonigle, Leithen K ^a,b   Mace, Kevi C ^a   Palomino, Jenny ^a   Valpine, Perry De ^a   Kremen, Claire ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Conventional yield; Meta analysis; Organic yield

Indexed keywords

SOIL;

AGRICULTURAL MANAGEMENT; AGROECOLOGY; CROP PRODUCTION; CROP YIELD; ENERGY USE; FOOD PRODUCTION; LEGUME; MEAT; META-ANALYSIS; ORGANIC FARMING; POPULATION GROWTH; YIELD RESPONSE;

BIODIVERSITY; CATERING SERVICE; COMPARATIVE STUDY; CROP; ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION; FABACEAE; GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT AND AGING; META ANALYSIS; ORGANIC FARMING; PROCEDURES; SOIL;

BIODIVERSITY; CONSERVATION OF NATURAL RESOURCES; CROPS, AGRICULTURAL; FABACEAE; FOOD SUPPLY; GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT; METHODS; ORGANIC AGRICULTURE; SOIL;

EID: 84920973717     PISSN: 09628452     EISSN: 14712954     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2014.1396     Document Type: Article

References (63)

1. Raudsepp-Hearne C, Peterson GD, Tengo¨ M, Bennett EM, Holland T, Benessaiah K, MacDonald GK, Pfeifer L. 2010 Untangling the environmentalist’s paradox: why is human well-being increasing as ecosystem services degrade? BioScience 60, 576–589. (doi:10. 1525/bio.2010.60.8.4)
2. Foley JA et al. 2005 Global consequences of land use. Science 309, 570–574. (doi:10.1126/science. 1111772)
3. Lal R. 2004 Soil carbon sequestration impacts on global climate change and food security. Science 304, 1623–1627. (doi:10.1126/science.1097396)
4. Gordon LJ, Peterson GD, Bennett EM. 2008 Agricultural modifications of hydrological flows create ecological surprises. Trends Ecol. Evol. 23, 211–219. (doi:10.1016/j.tree.2007.11.011)
5. Gibbs HK, Ruesch AS, Achard F, Clayton MK, Holmgren P, Ramankutty N, Foley JA. 2010 Tropical forests were the primary sources of new agricultural land in the 1980s and 1990s. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 107, 16732–16737. (doi:10.1073/pnas. 0910275107)
6. Wilcove DS, Koh LP. 2010 Addressing the threats to biodiversity from oil-palm agriculture. Biodivers. Conserv. 19, 999–1007. (doi:10.1007/s10531-009- 9760-x)
7. Eskenazi B, Marks AR, Bradman A, Harley K, Barr DB, Johnson C, Morga N, Jewell NP. 2007 Organophosphate pesticide exposure and neurodevelopment in young Mexican–American children. Environ. Health Perspect. 115, 792–798. (doi:10.1289/ehp.9828)
8. Diaz RJ, Rosenberg R. 2008 Spreading dead zones and consequences for marine ecosystems. Science 321, 926–929. (doi:10.1126/science.1156401)
9. Foley JA et al. 2011 Solutions for a cultivated planet. Nature 478, 337–342. (doi:10.1038/ nature10452)
10. Hayes TB et al. 2010 Atrazine induces complete feminization and chemical castration in male African clawed frogs (Xenopus laevis). Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 107, 4612–4617. (doi:10.1073/pnas. 0909519107)
11. Grosso SJD, Cavigelli MA. 2012 Climate stabilization wedges revisited: can agricultural production and greenhouse-gas reduction goals be accomplished? Front. Ecol. Environ. 10, 571–578. (doi:10.1890/ 120058)
12. Gill RJ, Ramos-Rodriguez O, Raine NE. 2012 Combined pesticide exposure severely affects individual-and colony-level traits in bees. Nature 491, 105–108. (doi:10.1038/nature11585)
13. Tilman D, Balzer C, Hill J, Befort BL. 2011 Global food demand and the sustainable intensification of agriculture. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 108, 20260–20264. (doi:10.1073/pnas.1116437108)
14. FAO. 2009 How to feed the world in 2050. Rome, Italy: Food and Agriculture Organization.
15. Tomlinson I. 2013 Doubling food production to feed the 9 billion: a critical perspective on a key discourse of food security in the UK. J. Rural Stud. 29, 81–90.
16. McIntyre BD. 2009 IAASTD international assessment of agricultural knowledge, science and technology for development: global report. Washington, DC: Island Press.
17. Garnett T et al. 2013 Sustainable intensification in agriculture: premises and policies. Science 341, 33–34. (doi:10.1126/science.1234485)
18. Connor D. 2008 Organic agriculture cannot feed the world. Field Crops Res. 106, 187–190. (doi:10. 1016/j.fcr.2007.11.010)
19. Bennett Eet al.2014. Toward a more resilient agriculture. Solutions 5, 65–75
20. Loos J, Abson DJ, Chappell MJ, Hanspach J, Mikulcak F, Tichit M, Fischer J. 2014 Putting meaning back into ‘sustainable intensification’. Front. Ecol. Environ. 12, 356–361. (doi:10.1890/ 130157)
21. Kremen C, Miles A. 2012 Ecosystem services in biologically diversified versus conventional farming systems: benefits, externalities, and trade-offs. Ecol. Soc. 17,40.
22. Kremen C, Iles A, Bacon C. 2012 Diversified farming systems: an agroecological, systems-based alternative to modern industrial agriculture. Ecol. Soc. 17,44.
23. Henry M, Beguin M, Requier F, Rollin O, Odoux J-F, Aupinel P, Aptel J, Tchamitchian S, Decourtye A. 2012 A common pesticide decreases foraging success and survival in honey bees. Science 336, 348–350. (doi:10.1126/science.1215039)
24. Willer H, Kilcher L. 2011 The world of organic agriculture, statistics and emerging trends. Bonn, Germany: International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movements (IFOAM).
25. Guthman J. 2000 Raising organic: An agroecological assessment of grower practices in California. Agric. Hum. Values 17, 257–266. (doi:10.1023/A:1007688216321)
26. Bengtsson J, Ahnstrom J, Weibull A-C. 2005 The effects of organic agriculture on biodiversity and abundance: a meta-analysis. J. Appl. Ecol. 42, 261–269. (doi:10.1111/j.1365-2664.2005.01005.x)
27. Mader P, Fliessbach A, Dubois D, Gunst L, Fried P, Niggli U. 2002 Soil fertility and biodiversity in organic farming. Science 296, 1694–1697. (doi:10. 1126/science.1071148)
28. Hole D, Perkins A, Wilson J, Alexander I, Grice P, Evans A. 2005 Does organic farming benefit biodiversity? Biol. Conserv. 122, 113–130. (doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2004.07.018)
29. Lotter D, Seidel R, Liebhardt W. 2003 The performance of organic and conventional cropping systems in an extreme climate year. Am. J. Altern. Agric. 18, 146–154. (doi:10.1079/ AJAA200345)
30. Lynch DH, MacRae R, Martin RC. 2011 The carbon and global warming potential impacts of organic farming: does it have a significant role in an energy constrained world? Sustainability 3, 322–362. (doi:10.3390/su3020322)
31. Nissen TM, Wander MM. 2003 Management and soil-quality effects on fertilizer-use efficiency and leaching. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 67, 1524–1532. (doi:10.2136/sssaj2003.1524)
32. Tuck SL, Winqvist C, Mota F, Ahnstrom J, Turnbull LA, Bengtsson J. 2014 Land-use intensity and the effects of organic farming on biodiversity: a hierarchical meta-analysis. J. Appl. Ecol. 51, 746–755.
33. Stanhill G. 1990 The comparative productivity of organic agriculture. Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. 30, 1–26. (doi:10.1016/0167-8809(90)90179-H)
34. Badgley C, Moghtader J, Quintero E, Zakem E, Chappell MJ, Aviles-Vazquez K, Samulon A, Perfecto I. 2007 Organic agriculture and the global food supply. Renew. Agric. Food Syst. 22, 86–108. (doi:10.1017/S1742170507001640)
35. de Ponti T, Rijk B, van Ittersum M. 2012 The crop yield gap between organic and conventional agriculture. Agric. Syst. 108, 1–9. (doi:10.1016/j. agsy.2011.12.004)
36. Seufert V, Ramankutty N, Foley JA. 2012 Comparing the yields of organic and conventional agriculture. Nature 485, 229–232. (doi:10.1038/ nature11069)
37. Cassman K. 2007 Editorial response by Kenneth Cassman: can organic agriculture feed the worldscience to the rescue? Renew. Agric. Food Syst. 22, 83–84.
38. Gurevitch J, Hedges LV. 1999 Statistical issues in ecological meta-analyses. Ecology 80, 1142–1149. (doi:10.1890/0012-9658(1999)080[1142:SIIEMA]2.0. CO;2)
39. Pretty JN, Hine R. 2001 Reducing food poverty with sustainable agriculture: a summary of new evidence. Colchester, UK: University of Essex.
40. Hedges L, Gurevitch J, Curtis P. 1999 The meta-analysis of response ratios in experimental ecology. Ecology 80, 1150–1156. (doi:10.1890/0012-9658 (1999)080[1150:TMAORR]2.0.CO;2)
41. Lajeunesse MJ. 2011 On the meta-analysis of response ratios for studies with correlated and multi-group designs. Ecology 92, 2049–2055. (doi:10.1890/11-0423.1)
42. Gleser LJ, Olkin I. 1994 Stochastically dependent effect sizes. In The handbook of research synthesis (eds H Cooper, LV Hedges), pp. 339–355. New York, NY: Russell Sage Foundation.
43. Hedges LV, Olkin I. 1985 Statistical methods for meta-analysis. New York, NY: Academic Press.
44. Gelman A, Hill J. 2006 Data analysis using regression and multilevel/hierarchical models. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
45. Kery M, Schaub M. 2012 Bayesian population analysis using WinBUGS: a hierarchical perspective. New York, NY: Academic Press.
46. Plummer M. 2013 rjags: Bayesian graphical models using MCMC. R package v. 3–10. See http://CRAN. R-project.org/package=rjags.
47. Plummer M. 2003 Jags: a program for analysis of Bayesian graphical models using Gibbs sampling. In Proceedings of the 3rd International Workshop on Distributed Statistical Computing, 20–22 March, Vienna, Austria. See www.rproject. org/conferences/DSC-2003/Proceedings/ Plummer.pdf.
48. Kery M. 2010 Introduction to WinBUGS for ecologists: Bayesian approach to regression, ANOVA, mixed models and related analyses. New York, NY: Academic Press.
49. Rothstein HR, Sutton AJ, Borenstein M. 2006 Publication bias in meta-analysis: prevention, assessment and adjustments. New York, NY: John Wiley and Sons.
50. Lammerts van Bueren E, Jones S, Tamm L, Murphy K, Myers J, Leifert C, Messmer M. 2011 The need to breed crop varieties suitable for organic farming, using wheat, tomato and broccoli as examples: a review. NJAS Wageningen J. Life Sci. 58, 193–205. (doi:10.1016/j.njas.2010.04.001)
51. Evenson RE, Gollin D. 2003 Assessing the impact of the Green Revolution, 1960 to 2000. Science 300, 758–762. (doi:10.1126/science.1078710)
52. Vanloqueren G, Baret PV. 2009 How agricultural research systems shape a technological regime that develops genetic engineering but locks out agroecological innovations. Res. Policy 38, 971–983. (doi:10.1016/j.respol.2009.02.008)
53. Carlisle L, Miles A. 2013 Closing the knowledge gap: how the USDA could tap the potential of biologically diversified farming systems. J. Agric. Food Syst. Commun. Dev. 3, 219–225. (doi:10.5304/ jafscd.2013.034.025)
54. Khan Z, Midega C, Pittchar J, Pickett J, Bruce T. 2011 Push–pull technology: a conservation agriculture approach for integrated management of insect pests, weeds and soil health in Africa: UK Government’s foresight food and farming futures project. Int. J. Agric. Sustain. 9, 162–170. (doi:10. 3763/ijas.2010.0558)
55. Rodale Institute. 2012 Farming systems trial, 30- year report. Technical report, Rodale Institute, Kutztown, PA, USA.
56. Murphy KM, Campbell KG, Lyon SR, Jones SS. 2007 Evidence of varietal adaptation to organic farming systems. Field Crops Res. 102, 172–177. (doi:10. 1016/j.fcr.2007.03.011)
57. Batàry P, Bàldi A, Kleijn D, Tscharntke T. 2011 Landscape-moderated biodiversity effects of agrienvironmental management: a meta-analysis. Proc. R. Soc. B 278, 1894–1902. (doi:10.1098/ rspb.2010.1923)
58. Philpott SM et al. 2008 Biodiversity loss in Latin American coffee landscapes: review of the evidence on ants, birds, and trees. Conserv. Biol. 22, 1093–1105. (doi:10.1111/j.1523-1739.2008.01029.x)
59. Gabriel D, Sait SM, Kunin WE, Benton TG. 2013 Food production versus biodiversity: comparing organic and conventional agriculture. J. Appl. Ecol. 50, 355–364. (doi:10.1111/1365-2664.12035)
60. Holt-Giménez E, Shattuck A, Altieri M, Herren H, Gliessman S. 2012 We already grow enough food for 10 billion people and still can’t end hunger. J. Sustain. Agric. 36, 595–598. (doi:10.1080/10440046.2012.695331)
61. Smil V. 2005 Feeding the world: how much more rice do we need? In Rice is life: scientific perspectives for the 21st century (ed. K Toriyama, KL Heong, B Hardy), pp. 21–23. Manila, PH: International Rice Research Institute.
62. Rockstrӧm Jet al. 2009 A safe operating space for humanity. Nature 461, 472–475. (doi:10.1038/ 461472a)
63. Godfray HCJ et al. 2010 Food security: the challenge of feeding 9 billion people. Science 327, 812–818. (doi:10.1126/science.1185383)