메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 30, Issue 1, 2015, Pages 114-120

Novel formulations and modes of delivery of levodopa

Author keywords

COMT inhibitors; Extended release formulation; Intrapulmonary delivery; Levodopa infusions; Levodopa microtablets

Indexed keywords

CARBIDOPA PLUS LEVODOPA; CATECHOL METHYLTRANSFERASE INHIBITOR; LEVODOPA; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; XP 21279; ANTIPARKINSON AGENT; CARBIDOPA; CARBIDOPA, LEVODOPA DRUG COMBINATION; DRUG COMBINATION;

EID: 84920927713     PISSN: 08853185     EISSN: 15318257     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/mds.26078     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (85)

References (55)
  • 1
    • 73049129373 scopus 로고
    • The effect of L-3,4-Dioxyphenylalanine (=DOPA) on parkinsonian akinesia
    • Birkmayer W, Hornykiewicz O. The effect of L-3, 4-Dioxyphenylalanine (=DOPA) on parkinsonian akinesia. Wien Klin Wochenschr 1961;73:787-788.
    • (1961) Wien Klin Wochenschr , vol.73 , pp. 787-788
    • Birkmayer, W.1    Hornykiewicz, O.2
  • 2
    • 0014208039 scopus 로고
    • Aromatic amino acids and modification of parkinsonism
    • Cotzias GC, Van Woert MH, Schiffer LM. Aromatic amino acids and modification of parkinsonism. N Engl J Med 1967;276:374-379.
    • (1967) N Engl J Med , vol.276 , pp. 374-379
    • Cotzias, G.C.1    Van Woert, M.H.2    Schiffer, L.M.3
  • 3
    • 0016587362 scopus 로고
    • On-off response: clinical and biochemical correlations during oral and intravenous levodopa administration in parkinsonian patients
    • Shoulson I, Glaubiger GA, Chase TN. On-off response: clinical and biochemical correlations during oral and intravenous levodopa administration in parkinsonian patients. Neurology 1975;25:1144-1148.
    • (1975) Neurology , vol.25 , pp. 1144-1148
    • Shoulson, I.1    Glaubiger, G.A.2    Chase, T.N.3
  • 4
    • 0015043830 scopus 로고
    • L-dopa thearapy of Parkinson's disease: plasma L-dopa concentration, therapeutic response, and side effects
    • Muenter MD, Tyce GM. L-dopa thearapy of Parkinson's disease: plasma L-dopa concentration, therapeutic response, and side effects. Mayo Clin Proc 1971;46:231-239.
    • (1971) Mayo Clin Proc , vol.46 , pp. 231-239
    • Muenter, M.D.1    Tyce, G.M.2
  • 5
    • 0017717778 scopus 로고
    • "Off period" dystonia and "on period" choreoathetosis in levodopa-treated patients with Parkinson's disease
    • Lees AJ, Shaw KM, Stern GM. "Off period" dystonia and "on period" choreoathetosis in levodopa-treated patients with Parkinson's disease. The Lancet 1977;2:1034.
    • (1977) The Lancet , vol.2 , pp. 1034
    • Lees, A.J.1    Shaw, K.M.2    Stern, G.M.3
  • 6
    • 0034642340 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pulsatile stimulation of dopamine receptors and levodopa-induced motor complications in Parkinson's disease: implications for the early use of COMT inhibitors
    • Olanow CW, Obeso JA. Pulsatile stimulation of dopamine receptors and levodopa-induced motor complications in Parkinson's disease: implications for the early use of COMT inhibitors. Neurology 2000;55:S72-S77.
    • (2000) Neurology , vol.55 , pp. S72-S77
    • Olanow, C.W.1    Obeso, J.A.2
  • 7
    • 33746105694 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Continuous dopamine-receptor treatment of Parkinson's disease: scientific rationale and clinical implications
    • Olanow CW, Obeso JA, Stocchi F. Continuous dopamine-receptor treatment of Parkinson's disease: scientific rationale and clinical implications. Lancet Neurol 2006;5:677-687.
    • (2006) Lancet Neurol , vol.5 , pp. 677-687
    • Olanow, C.W.1    Obeso, J.A.2    Stocchi, F.3
  • 8
    • 0022556678 scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of L-[18F]fluorodopa uptake into human brain by amino acids demonstrated by positron emission tomography
    • Leenders KL, Poewe WH, Palmer AJ, et al. Inhibition of L-[18F]fluorodopa uptake into human brain by amino acids demonstrated by positron emission tomography. Ann Neurol 1986;20:258-262.
    • (1986) Ann Neurol , vol.20 , pp. 258-262
    • Leenders, K.L.1    Poewe, W.H.2    Palmer, A.J.3
  • 9
    • 0021359568 scopus 로고
    • The "on-off" phenomenon in Parkinson's disease. Relation to levodopa absorption and transport
    • Nutt JG, Woodward WR, Hammerstad JP, et al. The "on-off" phenomenon in Parkinson's disease. Relation to levodopa absorption and transport. N Engl J Med 1984;310:483-488.
    • (1984) N Engl J Med , vol.310 , pp. 483-488
    • Nutt, J.G.1    Woodward, W.R.2    Hammerstad, J.P.3
  • 10
    • 84920874447 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Management of Parkinson's disease: an evidence-based review
    • Goetz CG, Koller WC, Poewe W, et al. Management of Parkinson's disease: an evidence-based review. Mov Disord 2001;12:1-166.
    • (2001) Mov Disord , vol.12 , pp. 1-166
    • Goetz, C.G.1    Koller, W.C.2    Poewe, W.3
  • 11
    • 0027327515 scopus 로고
    • Pharmacotherapy of Parkinson's disease: research from 1960 to 1991
    • Pletscher A, DaPrada M. Pharmacotherapy of Parkinson's disease: research from 1960 to 1991. Acta Neurol Scand Suppl 1993;146:26-31.
    • (1993) Acta Neurol Scand Suppl , vol.146 , pp. 26-31
    • Pletscher, A.1    DaPrada, M.2
  • 12
    • 0015240066 scopus 로고
    • Idiopathic Parkinsonism treated with an extracerebral decarboxylase inhibitor in combination with levodopa
    • Calne DB, Reid JL, Vakil SD, et al. Idiopathic Parkinsonism treated with an extracerebral decarboxylase inhibitor in combination with levodopa. Br Med J 1971;3:729-732.
    • (1971) Br Med J , vol.3 , pp. 729-732
    • Calne, D.B.1    Reid, J.L.2    Vakil, S.D.3
  • 13
    • 0022230744 scopus 로고
    • The effect of carbidopa on the pharmacokinetics of intravenously administered levodopa: the mechanism of action in the treatment of parkinsonism
    • Nutt JG, Woodward WR, Anderson, JL. The effect of carbidopa on the pharmacokinetics of intravenously administered levodopa: the mechanism of action in the treatment of parkinsonism. Ann Neurol 1985;18:537-543.
    • (1985) Ann Neurol , vol.18 , pp. 537-543
    • Nutt, J.G.1    Woodward, W.R.2    Anderson, J.L.3
  • 15
    • 0022443805 scopus 로고
    • Levodopa pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in fluctuating parkinsonian patients
    • Nutt JG, Woodward WR. Levodopa pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in fluctuating parkinsonian patients. Neurology 1986;36:739-744.
    • (1986) Neurology , vol.36 , pp. 739-744
    • Nutt, J.G.1    Woodward, W.R.2
  • 16
    • 84861687128 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Are high doses of carbidopa a concern? A randomized, clinical trial in Parkinson's disease
    • Brod LS, Aldred JL, Nutt JG. Are high doses of carbidopa a concern? A randomized, clinical trial in Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord 2012;27:750-753.
    • (2012) Mov Disord , vol.27 , pp. 750-753
    • Brod, L.S.1    Aldred, J.L.2    Nutt, J.G.3
  • 17
    • 84911939802 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phase II proof of concept study to compare a novel levodopa product ODM-101 to levodopa/carbidopa/entacapone in Parkinson's disease patients with response fluctuations (S23.005).
    • Proceedings AAN 2013. Neurology ;(Meeting Abstracts 1):S23.005.
    • Kuoppamaki M, Trenkwalder C, Vahteristo M, et al. Phase II proof of concept study to compare a novel levodopa product ODM-101 to levodopa/carbidopa/entacapone in Parkinson's disease patients with response fluctuations (S23.005). Proceedings AAN 2013. Neurology 2013;80(Meeting Abstracts 1):S23.005.
    • (2013) , vol.80
    • Kuoppamaki, M.1    Trenkwalder, C.2    Vahteristo, M.3
  • 18
    • 84920871684 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Continuous subcutaneous carbidopa improves levodopa pharmacokinetics in Parkinson's disease patients
    • abstract no. 349.
    • Caraco Y, Giladi N, Oren S, et al. Continuous subcutaneous carbidopa improves levodopa pharmacokinetics in Parkinson's disease patients. Mov Disord 2012;27:abstract no. 349.
    • (2012) Mov Disord , vol.27
    • Caraco, Y.1    Giladi, N.2    Oren, S.3
  • 19
    • 78649345237 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biochemistry and pharmacology of catechol-O-methyltransferase inhibitors
    • Nissinen E, Mannisto PT. Biochemistry and pharmacology of catechol-O-methyltransferase inhibitors. Int Rev Neurobiol 2010;95:73-118.
    • (2010) Int Rev Neurobiol , vol.95 , pp. 73-118
    • Nissinen, E.1    Mannisto, P.T.2
  • 20
    • 47149100706 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence-based efficacy comparison of tolcapone and entacapone as adjunctive therapy in Parkinson's disease
    • Lees AJ. Evidence-based efficacy comparison of tolcapone and entacapone as adjunctive therapy in Parkinson's disease. CNS Neurosci Ther 2008;14:83-93.
    • (2008) CNS Neurosci Ther , vol.14 , pp. 83-93
    • Lees, A.J.1
  • 21
    • 84911925664 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and safety of opicapone, a new COMT-inhibitor, for the treatment of motor fluctuations in Parkinson's disease patients: BIPARK-II study
    • Abstracts WCN 2013: e116.
    • Lees A, Ferreira J, Costa R, et al. Efficacy and safety of opicapone, a new COMT-inhibitor, for the treatment of motor fluctuations in Parkinson's disease patients: BIPARK-II study. J Neurol Sci 2013;333(Abstracts WCN 2013):e116.
    • (2013) J Neurol Sci , vol.333
    • Lees, A.1    Ferreira, J.2    Costa, R.3
  • 22
    • 0023618034 scopus 로고
    • Clinical and pharmacokinetic observations with Madopar HBS in hospitalized patients with Parkinson's disease and motor fluctuations
    • Poewe WH, Lees AJ, Stern GM. Clinical and pharmacokinetic observations with Madopar HBS in hospitalized patients with Parkinson's disease and motor fluctuations. Eur Neurol 1987;27(Suppl 1):93-97.
    • (1987) Eur Neurol , vol.27 , pp. 93-97
    • Poewe, W.H.1    Lees, A.J.2    Stern, G.M.3
  • 23
    • 0024520481 scopus 로고
    • A double-blind crossover comparison of Sinemet CR4 and standard Sinemet 25/100 in patients with Parkinson's disease and fluctuating motor performance
    • Cedarbaum JM, Hoey M, McDowell FH. A double-blind crossover comparison of Sinemet CR4 and standard Sinemet 25/100 in patients with Parkinson's disease and fluctuating motor performance. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1989;52:207-212.
    • (1989) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry , vol.52 , pp. 207-212
    • Cedarbaum, J.M.1    Hoey, M.2    McDowell, F.H.3
  • 24
    • 84880152172 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Population pharmacodynamics of IPX066: an oral extended-release capsule formulation of carbidopa-levodopa, and immediate-release carbidopa-levodopa in patients with advanced Parkinson's disease
    • Mao Z, Hsu A, Gupta S, et al. Population pharmacodynamics of IPX066: an oral extended-release capsule formulation of carbidopa-levodopa, and immediate-release carbidopa-levodopa in patients with advanced Parkinson's disease. J Clin Pharmacol 2013;53:523-531.
    • (2013) J Clin Pharmacol , vol.53 , pp. 523-531
    • Mao, Z.1    Hsu, A.2    Gupta, S.3
  • 25
    • 80055076176 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Crossover comparison of IPX066 and a standard levodopa formulation in advanced Parkinson's disease
    • Hauser RA, Ellenbogen AL, Metman LV, et al. Crossover comparison of IPX066 and a standard levodopa formulation in advanced Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord 2011;26:2246-2252.
    • (2011) Mov Disord , vol.26 , pp. 2246-2252
    • Hauser, R.A.1    Ellenbogen, A.L.2    Metman, L.V.3
  • 26
    • 84875271113 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extended-release carbidopa-levodopa (IPX066) compared with immediate-release carbidopa-levodopa in patients with Parkinson's disease and motor fluctuations: a phase 3 randomised, double-blind trial
    • Hauser RA, Hsu A, Kell S, et al. Extended-release carbidopa-levodopa (IPX066) compared with immediate-release carbidopa-levodopa in patients with Parkinson's disease and motor fluctuations: a phase 3 randomised, double-blind trial. Lancet Neurol 2013;12:346-356.
    • (2013) Lancet Neurol , vol.12 , pp. 346-356
    • Hauser, R.A.1    Hsu, A.2    Kell, S.3
  • 27
    • 84875276753 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of IPX066, a novel investigational carbidopa/levodopa(CD-LD) extended-release formulation, and CD-LD-entacapone (CLE) in advanced Parkinson's disease (ASCEND-PD trial)
    • no.437.
    • Stocchi G, Dillmann U, Mahler A, et al. Comparison of IPX066, a novel investigational carbidopa/levodopa(CD-LD) extended-release formulation, and CD-LD-entacapone (CLE) in advanced Parkinson's disease (ASCEND-PD trial). Mov Disord 2012;27:no.437.
    • (2012) Mov Disord , vol.27
    • Stocchi, G.1    Dillmann, U.2    Mahler, A.3
  • 28
    • 84862813656 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Actively transported levodopa prodrug XP21279: a study in patients with Parkinson disease who experience motor fluctuations
    • Lewitt, PA, Ellenbogen, A, Chen, D, et al. Actively transported levodopa prodrug XP21279: a study in patients with Parkinson disease who experience motor fluctuations. Clin Neuropharmacol 2012;35:103-110.
    • (2012) Clin Neuropharmacol , vol.35 , pp. 103-110
    • Lewitt, P.A.1    Ellenbogen, A.2    Chen, D.3
  • 29
    • 84892931747 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Double-blind study of the actively transported levodopa prodrug XP21279 in Parkinson's disease
    • Lewitt PA, Huff FJ, Hauser RA, et al. Double-blind study of the actively transported levodopa prodrug XP21279 in Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord 2014;29:75-82.
    • (2014) Mov Disord , vol.29 , pp. 75-82
    • Lewitt, P.A.1    Huff, F.J.2    Hauser, R.A.3
  • 30
    • 84976322883 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accordion pill carbidopa-levodopa for improved symptomatic treatment of advanced Parkinson's disease
    • LeWitt P, Friedman H, Giladi N, et al. Accordion pill carbidopa-levodopa for improved symptomatic treatment of advanced Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord 2012;27:S1-S523.
    • (2012) Mov Disord , vol.27 , pp. S1-S523
    • LeWitt, P.1    Friedman, H.2    Giladi, N.3
  • 31
    • 84920917657 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomized, crossover study of DM-1992, a gastroretentive formulation of carbidopa/levodopa in PD patients with motor fluctuations
    • Verhagen Metman LSN, Chen C, Cowles V, et al. A randomized, crossover study of DM-1992, a gastroretentive formulation of carbidopa/levodopa in PD patients with motor fluctuations. Mov Disord 2013;28(Suppl 1):31-32.
    • (2013) Mov Disord , vol.28 , pp. 31-32
    • Verhagen Metman, L.S.N.1    Chen, C.2    Cowles, V.3
  • 32
    • 84861527310 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetics of levodopa/carbidopa microtablets versus levodopa/benserazide and levodopa/carbidopa in healthy volunteers
    • Nyholm D, Lewander T, Gomes-Trolin C, et al. Pharmacokinetics of levodopa/carbidopa microtablets versus levodopa/benserazide and levodopa/carbidopa in healthy volunteers. Clin Neuropharmacol 2012;35:111-117.
    • (2012) Clin Neuropharmacol , vol.35 , pp. 111-117
    • Nyholm, D.1    Lewander, T.2    Gomes-Trolin, C.3
  • 33
    • 0021142576 scopus 로고
    • On-off fluctuations in Parkinson's disease. A clinical and neuropharmacological study
    • Hardie RJ, Lees AJ, Stern GM. On-off fluctuations in Parkinson's disease. A clinical and neuropharmacological study. Brain 1984;107:487-506.
    • (1984) Brain , vol.107 , pp. 487-506
    • Hardie, R.J.1    Lees, A.J.2    Stern, G.M.3
  • 34
    • 0019964668 scopus 로고
    • Complicated response fluctuations in Parkinson's disease: response to intravenous infusion of levodopa
    • Quinn N, Marsden CD. Complicated response fluctuations in Parkinson's disease: response to intravenous infusion of levodopa. Lancet 1982;2:412-415.
    • (1982) Lancet , vol.2 , pp. 412-415
    • Quinn, N.1    Marsden, C.D.2
  • 35
    • 0023938094 scopus 로고
    • Duodenal and gastric delivery of levodopa in parkinsonism
    • Kurlan R, Nutt JG, Woodward WR, et al. Duodenal and gastric delivery of levodopa in parkinsonism. Ann Neurol 1988;23:589-595.
    • (1988) Ann Neurol , vol.23 , pp. 589-595
    • Kurlan, R.1    Nutt, J.G.2    Woodward, W.R.3
  • 36
    • 0023937322 scopus 로고
    • Long-term duodenal infusion of levodopa for motor fluctuations in parkinsonism
    • Sage JI, Trooskin S, Sonsalla PK, et al. Long-term duodenal infusion of levodopa for motor fluctuations in parkinsonism. Ann Neurol 1988;24:87-89.
    • (1988) Ann Neurol , vol.24 , pp. 87-89
    • Sage, J.I.1    Trooskin, S.2    Sonsalla, P.K.3
  • 37
    • 0027518164 scopus 로고
    • Double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study of duodenal infusion of levodopa/carbidopa in Parkinson's disease patients with 'on-off' fluctuations
    • Kurth MC, Tetrud JW, Tanner CM, et al. Double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study of duodenal infusion of levodopa/carbidopa in Parkinson's disease patients with 'on-off' fluctuations. Neurology 1993;43:1698-1703.
    • (1993) Neurology , vol.43 , pp. 1698-1703
    • Kurth, M.C.1    Tetrud, J.W.2    Tanner, C.M.3
  • 38
    • 0038389152 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Optimizing levodopa pharmacokinetics: intestinal infusion versus oral sustained-release tablets
    • Nyholm D, Askmark H, Gomes-Trolin C, et al. Optimizing levodopa pharmacokinetics: intestinal infusion versus oral sustained-release tablets. Clin Neuropharmacol 2003;26:156-163.
    • (2003) Clin Neuropharmacol , vol.26 , pp. 156-163
    • Nyholm, D.1    Askmark, H.2    Gomes-Trolin, C.3
  • 39
    • 12544252127 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Duodenal levodopa infusion monotherapy vs oral polypharmacy in advanced Parkinson disease
    • Nyholm D, Nilsson Remahl AI, Dizdar N, et al. Duodenal levodopa infusion monotherapy vs oral polypharmacy in advanced Parkinson disease. Neurology 2005;64:216-223.
    • (2005) Neurology , vol.64 , pp. 216-223
    • Nyholm, D.1    Nilsson Remahl, A.I.2    Dizdar, N.3
  • 40
    • 84874284001 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Levodopa-carbidopa intestinal gel in advanced Parkinson's disease open-label study: interim results
    • Fernandez HH, Vanagunas A, Odin P, et al. Levodopa-carbidopa intestinal gel in advanced Parkinson's disease open-label study: interim results. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2013;19:339-345.
    • (2013) Parkinsonism Relat Disord , vol.19 , pp. 339-345
    • Fernandez, H.H.1    Vanagunas, A.2    Odin, P.3
  • 41
    • 34447545480 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Duodenal levodopa infusion for advanced Parkinson's disease: 12-month treatment outcome
    • Antonini A, Isaias IU, Canesi M, et al. Duodenal levodopa infusion for advanced Parkinson's disease: 12-month treatment outcome. Mov Disord 2007;22:1145-1149.
    • (2007) Mov Disord , vol.22 , pp. 1145-1149
    • Antonini, A.1    Isaias, I.U.2    Canesi, M.3
  • 42
    • 84887243998 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect and safety of duodenal levodopa infusion in advanced Parkinson's disease: a retrospective multicenter outcome assessment in patient routine care
    • Antonini A, Odin P, Opiano L, et al. Effect and safety of duodenal levodopa infusion in advanced Parkinson's disease: a retrospective multicenter outcome assessment in patient routine care. J Neural Transm 2013;120:1553-1558.
    • (2013) J Neural Transm , vol.120 , pp. 1553-1558
    • Antonini, A.1    Odin, P.2    Opiano, L.3
  • 43
    • 69849090592 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intrajejunal levodopa infusion in Parkinson's disease: a pilot multicenter study of effects on nonmotor symptoms and quality of life
    • Honig H, Antonini A, Martinez-Martin P, et al. Intrajejunal levodopa infusion in Parkinson's disease: a pilot multicenter study of effects on nonmotor symptoms and quality of life. Mov Disord 2009;24:1468-1474.
    • (2009) Mov Disord , vol.24 , pp. 1468-1474
    • Honig, H.1    Antonini, A.2    Martinez-Martin, P.3
  • 44
    • 84892516916 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Continuous intrajejunal infusion of levodopa-carbidopa intestinal gel for patients with advanced Parkinson's disease: a randomised, controlled, double-blind, double-dummy study
    • Olanow CW, Kieburtz K, Odin P, et al. Continuous intrajejunal infusion of levodopa-carbidopa intestinal gel for patients with advanced Parkinson's disease: a randomised, controlled, double-blind, double-dummy study. Lancet Neurol 2014;13:141-149.
    • (2014) Lancet Neurol , vol.13 , pp. 141-149
    • Olanow, C.W.1    Kieburtz, K.2    Odin, P.3
  • 45
    • 84892825675 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence and features of peripheral neuropathy in Parkinson's disease patients under different therapeutic regimens
    • Mancini F, Comi C, Oggioni GD, et al. Prevalence and features of peripheral neuropathy in Parkinson's disease patients under different therapeutic regimens. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2014;20:27-31.
    • (2014) Parkinsonism Relat Disord , vol.20 , pp. 27-31
    • Mancini, F.1    Comi, C.2    Oggioni, G.D.3
  • 46
    • 57049093277 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuropathy as a potential complication of levodopa use in Parkinson's disease
    • Toth C, Brown MS, Furtado S, et al. Neuropathy as a potential complication of levodopa use in Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord 2008;23:1850-1859.
    • (2008) Mov Disord , vol.23 , pp. 1850-1859
    • Toth, C.1    Brown, M.S.2    Furtado, S.3
  • 47
    • 0025972525 scopus 로고
    • Subcutaneous lisuride infusion in Parkinson's disease. Response to chronic administration in 34 patients
    • Vaamonde J, Luquin MR, Obeso JA. Subcutaneous lisuride infusion in Parkinson's disease. Response to chronic administration in 34 patients. Brain 1991;114:601-617.
    • (1991) Brain , vol.114 , pp. 601-617
    • Vaamonde, J.1    Luquin, M.R.2    Obeso, J.A.3
  • 48
    • 0023858286 scopus 로고
    • Subcutaneous apomorphine in parkinsonian on-off oscillations
    • Stibe CM, Lees AJ, Kempster PA, et al. Subcutaneous apomorphine in parkinsonian on-off oscillations. Lancet 1988;1:403-406.
    • (1988) Lancet , vol.1 , pp. 403-406
    • Stibe, C.M.1    Lees, A.J.2    Kempster, P.A.3
  • 49
    • 52649108045 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of long-term continuous subcutaneous apomorphine infusion in advanced Parkinson's disease with motor fluctuations: a multicenter study
    • Garcia Ruiz PJ, Sesar IA, Ares PB, et al. Efficacy of long-term continuous subcutaneous apomorphine infusion in advanced Parkinson's disease with motor fluctuations: a multicenter study. Mov Disord 2008;23:1130-1136.
    • (2008) Mov Disord , vol.23 , pp. 1130-1136
    • Garcia Ruiz, P.J.1    Sesar, I.A.2    Ares, P.B.3
  • 50
    • 20144366287 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Continuous subcutaneous apomorphine therapy improves dyskinesias in Parkinson's disease: a prospective study using single-dose challenges
    • Katzenschlager R, Hughes A, Evans A, et al. Continuous subcutaneous apomorphine therapy improves dyskinesias in Parkinson's disease: a prospective study using single-dose challenges. Mov Disord 2005;20:151-157.
    • (2005) Mov Disord , vol.20 , pp. 151-157
    • Katzenschlager, R.1    Hughes, A.2    Evans, A.3
  • 51
    • 84920928081 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Constant therapeutic levodpa (LD) plasma concentrations maintained by continuous subcutaneous (SC) administration of ND-0612, a novel formulation of LD/carbidopa (CD)
    • Caraco Y, Oren S, LeWitt P. Constant therapeutic levodpa (LD) plasma concentrations maintained by continuous subcutaneous (SC) administration of ND-0612, a novel formulation of LD/carbidopa (CD). Mov Disord 2013;28:S162.
    • (2013) Mov Disord , vol.28 , pp. S162
    • Caraco, Y.1    Oren, S.2    LeWitt, P.3
  • 52
    • 84920914796 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ND0612, a novel formulation of levodopa/carbidopa for continuous, subcutaneous administration, achieves steady-state levodopa plasma concentration in Parkinson's disease patients
    • Caraco Y, Oren S, Yacoby-Zeevi O, et al. ND0612, a novel formulation of levodopa/carbidopa for continuous, subcutaneous administration, achieves steady-state levodopa plasma concentration in Parkinson's disease patients. Mov Disord 2013;79:56.
    • (2013) Mov Disord , vol.79 , pp. 56
    • Caraco, Y.1    Oren, S.2    Yacoby-Zeevi, O.3
  • 53
    • 84977860746 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safety, tolerability and levodopa pharmacokinetics following inhaled administration of CVT-301, a levodopa dry poweder aerosol, in healthy, adult subjects
    • Freed M, Batycky R, Merica E. Safety, tolerability and levodopa pharmacokinetics following inhaled administration of CVT-301, a levodopa dry poweder aerosol, in healthy, adult subjects. Mov Disord 2013;28:S154.
    • (2013) Mov Disord , vol.28 , pp. S154
    • Freed, M.1    Batycky, R.2    Merica, E.3
  • 54
    • 74949085436 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oral and infusion levodopa-based strategies for managing motor complications in patients with Parkinson's disease
    • Antonini A, Chaudhuri KR, Martinez-Martin P, et al. Oral and infusion levodopa-based strategies for managing motor complications in patients with Parkinson's disease. CNS Drugs 2010;24:119-129.
    • (2010) CNS Drugs , vol.24 , pp. 119-129
    • Antonini, A.1    Chaudhuri, K.R.2    Martinez-Martin, P.3
  • 55
    • 77954043228 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Initiating levodopa/carbidopa therapy with and without entacapone in early Parkinson disease: the STRIDE-PD study
    • Stocchi F, Rascol O, Kieburtz K, et al. Initiating levodopa/carbidopa therapy with and without entacapone in early Parkinson disease: the STRIDE-PD study. Ann Neurol 2010;68:18-27.
    • (2010) Ann Neurol , vol.68 , pp. 18-27
    • Stocchi, F.1    Rascol, O.2    Kieburtz, K.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.