Tectonic activity as a significant source of crustal tetrafluoromethane emissions to the atmosphere: Observations in groundwaters along the San Andreas Fault

Earth and Planetary Science Letters

Volumn 412, Issue , 2015, Pages 163-172

  Deeds, Daniel A ^a   Kulongoski, Justin T ^a   Mühle, Jens ^b   Weiss, Ray F ^b  

^a California Water Science Center United States Geological Survey   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

Crustal weathering; Groundwater; San Andreas Fault; Tectonic emissions; Tetrafluoromethane

Indexed keywords

AIR ENTRAINMENT; AQUIFERS; GROUNDWATER; GROUNDWATER RESOURCES; HYDROGEOLOGY; LANDFORMS; SILICATE MINERALS; SILICATES; STRIKE-SLIP FAULTS; TECTONICS; WEATHERING;

CHEMICAL WEATHERING; GLACIAL INTERGLACIAL TRANSITION; NATURAL EMISSIONS; SAN ANDREAS FAULT; SHALLOW GROUNDWATER; SUBSURFACE ADDITION; TECTONIC ACTIVITY; TETRAFLUOROMETHANE;

FAULTING;

CHEMICAL WEATHERING; CONCENTRATION (COMPOSITION); CRUSTAL STRUCTURE; GROUNDWATER; SAN ANDREAS FAULT; SHEAR ZONE; TECTONIC EVOLUTION; TECTONIC SETTING; WATER QUALITY;

BIG BEND; CALIFORNIA; CUYAMA VALLEY; TEXAS; UNITED STATES;

EID: 84920909976     PISSN: 0012821X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.epsl.2014.12.016     Document Type: Article

References (57)

1. Aeschbach-Hertig W., Peeters F., Beyerle U., Kipfer R. Palaeotemperature reconstruction from noble gases in ground water taking in to account equilibration with entrapped air. Nature 2000, 405:1040-1044. 10.1038/35016542.
2. 2 consumption by chemical erosion of continental rocks (GEM-CO2). Tellus, Ser. B Chem. Phys. Meteorol. 2003, 47:273-280. 10.1034/j.1600-0889.47.issue1.23.x.
3. Ballentine C.J., Mazurek M., Gautschi A. Thermal constraints on crustal rare gas release and migration: evidence from Alpine fluid inclusions. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 1994, 58:4333-4348. 10.1016/0016-7037(94)90337-9.
4. Ballentine C.J., Burnard P. Production of noble gases in the continental crust. Noble Gases in Geochemistry and Cosmochemistry, vol. 47 2002, 481-538. Mineral. Soc. Am., Washington, DC. D. Porcelli, C.J. Ballentine, R. Wieler (Eds.).
5. 2 sink by continental weathering to the future climate change. Nat. Clim. Change 2012, 2:346-349. 10.1038/nclimate1419.
6. Berner R.A., Lasaga A.C., Garrels R.M. The carbonate-silicate geochemical cycle and its effect on atmospheric carbon dioxide over the past 100 million years. Am. J. Sci. 1983, 283:641-683.
7. Busenberg E., Plummer L.N. Dating young groundwater with sulfur hexafluoride: natural and anthropogenic sources of sulfur hexafluoride. Water Resour. Res. 2000, 36:3011-3030. 10.1029/2000WR900151.
8. Butler J.H., Battle M., Bender M., Montzka S.A., Clarke A.D., Saltzman E.S., Sucher C., Severinghaus J., Elkins J.W. A twentieth century record of atmospheric halocarbons in polar firn air. Nature 1999, 399:749-765. 10.1038/21586.
9. California Department of Water Resources (CDWR) Mojave River groundwater basin investigation. Bull.-Calif., Dep. Water Resour. 1967, 84.
10. California Department of Water Resources (CDWR) California Ground Water Bulletin 118 Accessed November 2011 online at. http://www.water.ca.gov/groundwater/bulletin118/gwbasin_maps_descriptions.cfm.
11. Central Coast Regional Water Quality Control Board (CCRWQCB) Central Coast Ambient Monitoring Program Data Navigator Accessed November 2011 at. http://www.ccamp.org.
12. Cicerone R.J. Atmospheric carbon tetrafluoride: a nearly inert gas. Science 1979, 206:59-61. 10.1126/science.206.4414.59.
13. Darling W.G., Gooddy D.C., MacDonald A.M., Morris B.L. The practicalities of using CFCs and SF6 for groundwater dating and tracing. Appl. Geochem. 2012, 27:1688-1697. 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2012.02.005.
14. Deeds D.A., Mühle J., Weiss R.F. Tetrafluoromethane in the deep North Pacific Ocean. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2008, 35:L14606. 10.1029/2008GL034355.
15. 6 in Mojave Desert groundwaters. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 2008, 72:999-1013. 10.1016/j.gca.2007.11.027.
16. Forster P., Ramaswamy V., Artaxo P., Berntsen T., Betts R., Fahey D.W., Haywood J., Lean J., Lowe D.C., Myhre G., Nganga J., Prinn R., Raga G., Schulz M., Dorland R.V. Changes in atmospheric constituents and in radiative forcing. Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change 2007, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA. S. Solomon, D. Qin, M. Manning, Z. Chen, M. Marquis, K.B. Averyt, M. Tignor, H.L. Miller (Eds.).
17. Frische M., Garofalo K., Hansteen T.H., Borchers R., Harnisch J. The origin of stable halogenated compounds in volcanic gases. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. 2006, 13:406-413. 10.1065/espr2006.01.291.
18. Gentner D.R., Miller A.M., Goldstein A.H. Seasonal variability in anthropogenic halocarbon emissions. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2010, 44:5377-5382. 10.1021/es1005362.
19. Gislason S.R., Oelkers E.J., Eiriksdottir E.S., Kardjilov M.I., Gisladottir G., Sigfusson B., Snorrason A., Elefsen S., Hardardottir J., Torssander P., Oskarsson N. Direct evidence of the feedback between climate and weathering. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 2009, 277:213-222. 10.1016/j.epsl.2008.10.018.
20. Goudie A.S., Viles H.A. Weathering and the global carbon cycle: geomorphological perspectives. Earth-Sci. Rev. 2012, 113:59-71. 10.1016/j.earscirev.2012.03.005.
21. Harnisch J., Borchers R., Fabian P., Gäggeler H.W., Schotterer U. Effect of natural tetrafluoromethane. Nature 1996, 384:32. 10.1038/384032a0.
22. 6 on Earth. Geophys. Res. Lett. 1998, 25:2401-2404. 10.1029/98GL01779.
23. Harnisch J., Frische M., Borchers R., Eisenhauer A., Jordan A. Natural fluorinated organics in fluorite and rocks. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2000, 27:1883-1886. 10.1029/2000GL008488.
24. Izbicki J.A., Radyk J., Michel R.L. Water movement through a thick unsaturated zone underlying an intermittent stream in the western Mojave Desert, southern California, USA. J. Hydrol. 2000, 238:194-217. 10.1016/S0022-1694(00)00331-0.
25. Jennings, C.W., Strand, R.G., Rogers, T.H., 1977. Geologic map of California. California Division of Mines and Geology. Scale 1:750,000.
26. Jordan A., Harnisch J., Borchers R., Le Guern F., Shinohara H. Volcanogenic halocarbons. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2000, 34:1122-1124. 10.1021/es990838q.
27. Kennedy B.M., Kharaka Y.K., Evans W.C., Ellwood A., DePaolo D.J., Thordsen J., Ambats G., Mariner R.H. Mantle fluids in the San Andreas Fault system, California. Science 1997, 633:1278-1281. 10.1126/science.278.5341.1278.
28. Krause D., Benson B.B. The solubility and isotopic fractionization of gases in dilute aqueous solution IIa. Solubilities of the noble gases. J. Solution Chem. 1989, 18:823-873. 10.1007/BF00685062.
29. Kulongoski J.T., Hilton D.R., Izbicki J.A. Helium isotope studies in the Mojave Desert, California: implications for groundwater chronology and regional seismicity. Chem. Geol. 2003, 202:95-113. 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2003.07.002.
30. Kulongoski J.T., Hilton D.R., Izbicki J.A. Source and movement of helium in the Morongo groundwater basin: the influence of regional tectonics on crustal and mantle helium fluxes. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 2005, 69:3857-3872. 10.1016/j.gca.2005.03.001.
31. Kulongoski J.T., Hilton D.R., Barry P.H., Esser B.K., Hillegonds D., Belitz K. Volatile fluxes through the Big Bend section of the San Andreas Fault, California: helium and carbon dioxide systematics. Chem. Geol. 2013, 339:92-102. 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2012.09.007.
32. Li Y.-G., Vidale J.E., Cochran E.S. Low-velocity damaged structure of the San Andreas Fault at Parkfield from fault zone trapped waves. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2004, 31:L12S06. 10.1029/2003GL019044.
33. Maiss M., Brenninkmeijer C.A.M. Atmospheric SF6: trends, sources, and prospects. Environ. Sci. Technol. 1998, 32:3077-3086. 10.1021/es9802807.
34. Mathany T.M., Kulongoski J.T., Ray M.C., Belitz K. Groundwater quality data in the South Coast Interior Basins study unit, 2008: results from the California GAMA program 2009, U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 463.
35. McMahon P.B., Chapelle F.H. Redox processes and water quality of selected principal aquifers. Ground Water 2008, 46:259-271. 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2007.00385.x.
36. Miller B.R., Weiss R.F., Salameh P.K., Tanhua T., Greally B.R., Mühle J., Simmonds P. Medusa: a sample preconcentration and GC/MS detector system for in situ measurements of atmospheric trace halocarbons, hydrocarbons, and sulfur compounds. Anal. Chem. 2008, 80:701536-701545. 10.1021/ac702084k.
37. Mittempergher S., Toro G.D., Gratier J.P., Hadizadeh J., Smith S. Evidence of transient increases of fluid pressure in SAFOD Phase III Cores. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2011, 38:L03301. 10.1029/2010GL046129.
38. Morris R.A., Miller T.M., Viggiano A.A., Paulson J.F., Solomon S., Reid G. Effects of electron and ion reactions on atmospheric lifetimes of fully fluorinated compounds. J. Geophys. Res. 1995, 100(D1):1287-1294. 10.1029/94JD02399.
39. Mühle J., Ganesan A.L., Miller B.R., Salameh P.K., Harth C.M., Greally B.R., Rigby M., Porter L.W., Steel L.P., Trudinger C.M., Krummel P.B., O'Doherty S., Fraser P.J., Simmonds P.G., Prinn R.G., Weiss R.F. Perfluorocarbons in the global atmosphere: tetrafluoromethane, hexafluoroethane and octafluoropropane. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 2010, 10:5145-5164. 10.5194/acp-10-5145-2010.
40. National Water Information System (NWIS) Accessed online November 2011 at. http://waterdata.usgs.gov/nwis.
41. Plummer L.N., Prestemon E.C., Parkhurst D.L. An interactive code (NETPATH) for modelling net geochemical reactions along a flow path 1991, U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4078.
42. Plummer L.N., Busenberg E. Chlorofluorocarbons. Environmental Tracers in Subsurface Hydrology 2000, 441-478. Kluwer Academic, Boston, Chapter 15.
43. Prinn R.G., Weiss R.F., Fraser P.J., Simmonds P.G., Cunnold D.M., Alyea F.N., O'Doherty S., Salameh P., Miller B.R., Huang J., Wang R.H.J., Hartley D.E., Harth C., Steele L.P., Sturrock G., Midgley P.M., McCulloch A. A history of chemically and radiatively important gases in air deduced from ALE/GAGE/AGAGE. J. Geophys. Res. 2000, 105(D14):17751-17792. 10.1029/2000JD900141.
44. Ravishankara A.R., Solomon S., Turnipseed A.A., Warren R.F. Atmospheric lifetimes of long-lived halogenated species. Science 1993, 259:194-199. 10.1126/science.259.5092.194.
45. Riley F.S., Worts G.F. Geology and groundwater appraisal of the Twentynine Palms Marine Corps Training Center, CA 1953, USGS Open File Report 98-617.
46. Schleicher A.M., Tourscher S.N., van der Pluijm B.A., Warr L.N. Constraints on mineralization, fluid-rock interaction, and mass transfer during faulting at 2-3 km depth from the SAFOD drill hole. J. Geophys. Res. 2009, 114. 10.1029/2008JB006092.
47. 2-coupling weathering and carbon cycle. Mineral. Mag. 2013, 77:2161. hdl:10013/epic.42365.
48. Sweetkind D.S., Faunt C.C., Hansen R.T. Construction of 3-D geologic framework and textural models for Cuyama Valley groundwater basin 2013, U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5127.
49. Torgersen T., O'Donnell J. The degassing flux from the solid earth: release by fracturing. Geophys. Res. Lett. 1991, 18:951-954. 10.1029/91GL00915.
50. Vollmer M.K., Weiss R.F. Simultaneous determination of sulfur hexafluoride and three chlorofluorocarbons in water and air. Mar. Chem. 2002, 78:137-148. 10.1016/S0304-4203(02)00015-4.
51. 6 in the sedimentary aquifers of the North China Plain as a restriction on groundwater dating. Isot. Environ. Health Stud. 2010, 46:279-290. 10.1080/10256016.2010.494771.
52. Wallace R.E. The San Andreas Fault system, California 1990, US Geological Survey Professional Paper, 1515.
53. Western Regional Climate Center (WRCC) Accessed online November 2011 at. http://www.wrcc.dri.edu/.
54. Wiersberg T., Erzinger J. Origin and spatial distribution of gas at seismogenic depths of the San Andreas Fault from drill-mud gas analysis. Appl. Geochem. 2008, 23:1675-1690. 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2008.01.012.
55. Wiersberg T., Erzinger J. Chemical and isotope compositions of drilling mud gas from the San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth (SAFOD) borehole: implications on gas migration and the permeability structure of the San Andreas Fault. Chem. Geol. 2011, 284:148-159. 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2011.02.016.
56. 6 inferred from firn air. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2007, 41:2184-2189. 10.1021/es061710t.
57. Zoback M.D., Hickman S.H., Ellsworth B. Scientific drilling into the San Andreas fault zone. Eos 2010, 91:197-204. 10.1029/2010EO220001.