Assessment of executive functioning in older adults

Executive Functions and the Frontal Lobes: A Lifespan Perspective

Volumn , Issue , 2011, Pages 155-178

  Wardill, Tracey ^a   Anderson, Vicki ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MELBOURNE   (Australia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84920831976     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.4324/9780203837863     Document Type: Chapter

References (77)

1. ABS. (1996). Population by age and sex: States and Territories of Australia (Cat.No.3201.0). Canberra: Australian Bureau of Statistics.
2. Albert, M. S., Duffy, F. H., & Naeser, M. (1987). Nonlinear changes in cognition with age and their neuropsychologic correlates. Canadian Journal of Psychology, 41(2), 141–157.
3. Albert, M. S., & Kaplan, E. (1980). Organic implications of neuropsychological deficits in the elderly. In L. W. Poon, J. L. Fozard, L. S. Cermak, D. Arenberg, & L. W. Thompson (Eds.), New directions in memory and aging (pp. 403–432). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
4. Anderson, P. (2002). Assessment and development of executive function (EF) during childhood. Child Neuropsychology, 8(2), 71–82.
5. Anderson, P., Anderson, V., & Garth, J. (2001). Assessment and development of organizational ability: The Rey Complex Figure organizational strategy score (RCF-OSS). The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 15(1), 81–94.
6. Axelrod, B. N., & Henry, R. R. (1992). Age-related performance on the Wisconsin card sorting, similarities, and controlled oral word association tests. Clinical Neuropsychologist, 6(1), 16–26.
7. Bäckman, L., Small, B. J., Wahlin, A., & Larsson, M. (2000). Cognitive functioning in very old age. In F. I. M. Craik, & T. A. Salthouse (Eds.), The handbook of aging and cognition (2nd ed., pp. 499–558). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
8. Benton, A. L., Eslinger, P. J., & Damasio, A. R. (1981). Normative observations on neuropsychological test performances in old age. Journal of Clinical Neuropsychology, 3(1), 33–42.
9. Benton, A. L., & Hamsher, K. (1978). Multilingual Aphasia Examination Manual. Iowa City, IA: AJA Associates.
10. Berg, S., & Dellasega, C. (1996). The use of psychoactive medications and cognitive function in older adults. Journal of Aging & Health, 8(1 February), 136–149.
11. Bolla, K. I., Lindgren, K. N., Bonaccorsy, C., & Bleecker, M. L. (1990). Predictors of verbal fluency (FAS) in the healthy elderly. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 46(5), 623–628.
12. Boone, K. B., Miller, B. L., Lesser, I. M., Hill, E., & D’Elia, L. (1990). Performance on frontal lobe tests in healthy, older individuals. Developmental Neuropsychology, 6(3), 215–223.
13. Bryan, J., & Luszcz, M. (2000). Measurement of executive function: Considerations for detecting adult age differences. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 22(1), 40–55.
14. Carman, M. B. (1997). The psychology of normal aging. The Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 20(1 March), 15–24.
15. Closser, M. (1991). Benzodiazepines and the elderly: A review of potential problems. Journal of Substance Abuse and Treatment, 8, 35–41.
16. Coffey, C. E., Wilkinson, W. E., Parashos, I. A., Soady, S. A., Sullivan, R. J., Patterson, L. J., et al. (1992). Quantitative cerebral anatomy of the aging human brain: A cross-sectional study using magnetic resonance imaging. Neurology, 42(3, Pt. 1), 527–536.
17. Crossley, M., D’Arcy, C., & Rawson, N. S. B. (1997). Letter and category fluency in community-dwelling Canadian seniors: A comparison of normal participants to those with dementia of the Alzheimer or vascular type. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 19(1), 52–62.
18. Daniel, A. (1983). Power, privilege and prestige: Occupations in Australia. Melbourne: Longman Cheshire.
19. Elias, M. F. (1998). Effects of chronic hypertension on cognitive functioning. Geriatrics, 53 (Suppl. 1), S49–S52.
20. Foy, A., O’Connell, D., Henry, D., Kelly, J., Cocking, S., & Halliday, J. (1995). Benzodiazepine use as a cause of cognitive impairment in elderly hospital inpatients. Journals of Gerontology: Medical Sciences, 50, 99–106.
21. Gibson, D., Benham, C., & Racic, L. (1999). Older Australia at a glance (2nd ed.). Canberra: Australian Institute of Health and Welfare.
22. Gilbert, A., Luszcz, M., & Owen, N. (1993). Medication use and its correlates among the elderly. Australian Journal of Public Health, 17(1 March), 18–22.
23. Goldstein, K., & Scheerer, M. (1941). Abstract and concrete behavior: An experimental study with special tests. Psychological Monographs, 53(No. 2), Whole No. 239.
24. Gray, S. L., Lai, K. V., & Larson, E. B. (1999). Drug-induced cognition disorders in the elderly: Incidence, prevention and management. Drug Safety, 21(2 August), 101–122.
25. Guo, Z., Viitanen, M., & Winblad, B. (1997). Clinical correlates of low blood pressure in very old people: The importance of cognitive impairment. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 45, 701–705.
26. Guttmann, C. R. G., Jolesz, F. A., Kikinis, R., Killiany, R. J., Moss, M. B., Sandor, T., et al. (1998). White matter changes with normal aging. Neurology, 50(April), 972–978.
27. Haaland, K. Y., Vranes, L. F., Goodwin, J. S., & Garry, P. J. (1987). Wisconsin Card Sort Test performance in a healthy elderly population. Journal of Gerontology, 42(3), 345–346.
28. Haug, H., & Eggers, R. (1991). Morphometry of the human cortex cerebri and corpus striatum during aging [comment]. Neurobiology of Aging, 12(4), 336–338; discussion 352–355.
29. Hayward, L., Mant, A., Eyland, A., et al. (1992). Sleep disordered breathing and cognitive function in a retirement village population. Age & Ageing, 21, 121.
30. Hertzog, C., Schaie, K. W., & Gribbin, K. (1978). Cardiovascular disease and changes in intellectual functioning from middle to old age. Journal of Gerontology, 33(6), 872–883.
31. Jernigan, T. L., Archibald, S. L., Berhow, M. T., Sowell, E. R., Foster, D. S., & Hesselink, J. R. (1991). Cerebral structure on MRI, Part I: Localization of age-related changes. Biological Psychiatry, 29(1), 55–67.
32. Kaszniak, A. W. (1990). Psychological assessment of the aging individual. In J. E. Birren, & K. W. Schaie (Eds.), Handbook of the psychology of aging (3rd ed., pp. 427–445). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
33. Kaszniak, A. W., & Newman, M. C. (2000). Toward a neuropsychology of cognitive aging. In S. H. Qualls, & N. Abeles (Eds.), Psychology and the aging revolution (pp. 43–67). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
34. Kayne, R. C. (1978). Drugs and the elderly. Los Angeles: University of Southern California Press.
35. Keefover, R. W. (1998). Aging and cognition. Neurologic Clinics of North America, 16(3 August), 635–648.
36. King, D. A., & Caine, E. D. (1996). Cognitive impairment and major depression: Beyond the pseudodementia syndrome. In I. Grant, & K. M. Adams (Eds.), Neuropsychological assessment of neuropsychiatric disorders (2nd ed., pp. 200–217). New York: Oxford University Press.
37. Knegtering, H., Eijck, M., & Huijsman, A. (1994). Effects of antidepressants on cognitive functioning of elderly patients. A review. Drugs & Aging, 5(3 September), 192–199.
38. LaRue, A. (1992). Aging and neuropsychological assessment. New York: Plenum Press.
39. Levine, B., Stuss, D. T., & Milberg, W. P. (1995). Concept generation: Validation of a test of executive functioning in a normal aging population. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 17(5), 740–758.
40. Lezak, M. D. (1995). Neuropsychological assessment (3rd ed.). New York: Oxford University Press.
41. Luria, A. R. (1966). Higher cortical functions in man. New York: Basic Books.
42. Malec, J. F., Ivnik, R. J., & Smith, G. E. (1993). Neuropsychology and normal aging. In R. W. Parks, R. F. Zec, & R. S. Wilson (Eds.), Neuropsychology of Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias. New York: Oxford University Press.
43. Meier-Ruge, W., Ulrich, J., Bruhlmann, M., & Meier, E. (1992). Age-related white matter atrophy in the human brain. Annals New York Academy of Science, 673, 260–269.
44. Mitrushina, M. N., Boone, K. B., & D’Elia, L. F. (1999). Handbook of Normative Data for Neuropsychological Assessment. New York: Oxford University Press.
45. Mooradian, A. D. (1997). Pathophysiology of central nervous system complications in diabetes mellitus. Clinical Neuroscience, 4(6), 322–326.
46. Osterrieth, P. A. (1944). Le test de copie d’une figure complexe. Archives de Psychologie, 30, 206–356; translated by J. Corwin, & F. W. Bylsma (1993) The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 1997, 1999–1915.
47. Palmer, B. W., Boone, K. B., Lesser, I. M., & Wohl, M. A. (1998). Base rates of “impaired” neuropsychological test performance among healthy older adults. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 13(6), 501–511.
48. Perlmutter, L. C., Hakami, M. K., Hodgson-Harrington, C., Ginsberg, J., Katz, J., Singer, D. E., et al. (1984). Decreased cognitive function in aging non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients. American Journal of Medicine, 77(6 December), 1043–1048.
49. Peters, A. (1994). Structural changes in the normally aging cerebral cortex of primates. Progressive Brain Research, 136, 455–465.
50. Petersen, D. M., Whittington, F. J., & Payne, B. P. (1979). Drugs and the elderly: Social and pharmacological issues. Springfield, IL: Charles C Thomas.
51. Pfefferbaum, A., Sullivan, E. V., Rosenbloom, M. J., Mathalon, D. H., & Lim, K. O. (1998). A controlled study of cortical gray matter and ventricular changes in alcoholic men over a 5-year interval. Archives of General Psychiatry, 55(10), 905–912.
52. Reitan, R. M. (1979). Manual for Administration of Neuropsychological Test Batteries for Adults and Children. Tuscon, AZ: Neuropsychology Laboratory.
53. Rey, A. (1941). L’examen psychologique dans les cas d’encephalopathie traumatique. Archives de Psychologie, 28, 286–340. Psychological examination in cases of traumatic encephalopathy. Sections translated by J. Corwin, & F. W. Bylsma, The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 1993, 1994–1999.
54. Rourke, S. B., & Adams, K. M. (1996). The neuropsychological correlates of acute and chronic hypoxemia. In I. Grant, & K. M. Adams (Eds.), Neuropsychological assessment of neuropsychiatric disorders (2nd ed., pp. 379–402). New York: Oxford University Press.
55. Rummans, T. A., Evans, J. M., Krahn, L. E., & Fleming, K. C. (1995). Delirium in elderly patients: Evaluation and management. Mayo Clinic Procedures, 70(October), 989–998.
56. Salat, D. H., Kaye, J. A., & Janowsky, J. S. (1999). Prefrontal gray and white matter volumes in healthy aging and Alzheimer disease. Archives of Neurology, 56(March), 338–344.
57. Salthouse, T. A. (1999). Theories of cognition. In K. W. Schaie (Ed.), Handbook of theories of aging (pp. 196–208). New York: Springer.
58. Sands, L., & Meredith, W. (1992). Blood pressure and intellectual functioning in late midlife. Journals of Gerontology: Psychological Sciences, 47, 81–84.
59. Schaie, K. W. (1990). Intellectual development in adulthood. In J. E. Birren, & K. W. Schaie (Eds.), Handbook of the psychology of aging (3rd ed., pp. 291–309). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
60. Shallice, T. (1982). Specific impairments of planning. Philosophical Transcripts of the Royal Society of London, 298, 199–209.
61. Spieth, W. (1964). Cardiovascular health status, age, and psychological performance. Journal of Gerontology, 19, 277–284.
62. Starr, J. M. (1999). Blood pressure and cognitive decline in the elderly. Current Opinion in Nephrology and Hypertension, 8(3), 347–351.
63. Stuss, D. T., Alexander, M. P., Pulumbo, C. L., Buckle, L., Sayer, L., & Pogue, J. (1994). Organisational strategies of patients with unilateral or bilateral frontal lobe injury in word list learning tasks. Neuropsychology, 8, 355–373.
64. Stuss, D. T., & Benson, D. F. (1986). The frontal lobes. New York: Raven Press.
65. Stuss, D. T., & Binns, M. A. (2002). Aging: Not an escarpment but multiple slopes. In M. Naveh-Benjamin, M. Moscovitch, & H. L. Roediger (Eds.), Perspectives on human memory and cognitive aging: Essays in honour of Fergus Craik (pp. 334–347). East Sussex, UK: Psychology Press.
66. Talland, G. A. (1961). Effect of aging on the formation of sequential and spatial concepts. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 13, 210.
67. Terry, R. D., DeTeresa, R., & Hansen, L. A. (1987). Neocortical cell counts in normal human adult aging. Annals of Neurology, 21(6), 530–539.
68. Troyer, A. K. (2000). Normative data for clustering and switching on verbal fluency tasks. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 22(3), 370–378.
69. Tun, P. A., Nathan, D. M., & Perlmutter, L. C. (1990). Cognitive and affective disorders in elderly diabetics. Clinics in Geriatric Medicine, 6(4 November), 731–746.
70. van Goor, L. P., Woiski, M. D., Lagaay, A. M., Meinders, A. E., & Tal, P. P. (1995). Review: Cobalamin deficiency and mental impairment in elderly people. Age and Ageing, 24, 536–542.
71. Viitanen, M., & Guo, Z. (1997). Are cognitive function and blood pressure related? Drugs and Aging, 11(3 September), 165–169.
72. Walsh, K. W. (1987). Neuropsychology: A clinical approach (2nd ed.). Edinburgh, UK: Churchill Livingstone.
73. Walsh, K. W. (1991). Understanding brain damage (2nd ed.). Edinburgh, UK: Churchill Livingstone.
74. Wardill, T. D. (2003). Cognitive function in the Australian aged: A normative study. PhD thesis. University of Melbourne.
75. Wechsler, D. (1981). Wechsler intelligence scale-revised. New York: The Psychological Corporation.
76. Weigl, E. (1941). On the psychology of so-called processes of abstraction. Journal of Normal and Social Psychology, 36, 3–33.
77. Willis, L., Yeo, R. A., Thomas, P., & Garry, P. J. (1988). Differential declines in cognitive function with aging: The possible role of health status. Developmental Neuropsychology, 4(1), 23–28.