On the role of newspaper ownership on bias in presidential campaign coverage by newspapers

Mass Media Effects Research: Advances Through Meta-Analysis

Volumn , Issue , 2013, Pages 429-453

  D’Alessio, Dave ^a   Allen, Mike ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CONNECTICUT   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN MILWAUKEE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84920697517     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.4324/9780203823453     Document Type: Chapter

References (77)

1. Alvarez, R. M. (2003). Media Content Coding Analysis, 1980 Presidential Campaign, Los Angeles Times [Computer file].
2. Bagdikian, B. H. (1971). The information machines. New York: Harper and Row.
3. Badin, R. (1954). San Francisco newspapers’ campaign coverage: 1896, 1952. Journalism Quarterly, 31, 297–303.
4. Beck, P., Dalton, R. J., & Huckfeldt, R. (1992). Cross-National Election Studies: United States Study [Computer file].
5. Berelson, B. R., Lazarsfeld, P. F., & McPhee, W. N. (1954). Voting: A study of opinionformation in a presidential campaign. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
6. Bernhard, N. E. (1999). US television news and Cold War propaganda: 1947–1960. New York: Cambridge University Press.
7. Blumberg, N. B. (1954). One party press? Lincoln, NB: University of Nebraska Press.
8. Bozell, L. B., & Baker, B. (1990). and that’s the way it isn’t. Alexandria, VA: Media Research Center.
9. Cavanaugh, J. W. (1995). Media effects on voters: A panel study of the 1992 presidential election. Lanham, MD: University Press of America.
10. Center for Media and Public Affairs (CMPA). (2000). Campaign 2000 final: How TV news covered the general election campaign. Media Monitor, 14. Retrieved December 5, 2005 from http://www.cmpa.com/mediaMonitor/documents/novdec00.pdf.
11. Cooper, M., & Soley, L. C. (1990). All the right sources. Mother Jones, 15, 20–27, 45–48.
12. D’Alessio, D., & Allen, M. (2000). Media bias in presidential elections: A meta-analysis. Journal of Communication, 50, 133–156.
13. Dautrich, K., & Hartley, T. H. (1999). How the news media fail American voters: Causes, consequences and remedies. New York: Columbia University Press.
14. Davis, J. (1982). Sexist bias in eight newspapers. Journalism Quarterly, 59, 456–460.
15. Ephron, E. (1971). The news twisters. Los Angeles: Nash.
16. Einstein, A. (1916/1961). Relativity: The special and the general theory. New York: Crown.
17. Evarts, D., & Stempel, G. H. (1974). Coverage of the 1972 campaign by TV, news magazines and major newspapers. Journalism Quarterly, 51, 645–648, 676.
18. Fico, F., & Cote, W. (1999). Fairness and balance in the structural characteristics of newspaper stories on the 1996 presidential election. Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly, 76, 124–137.
19. Gerbner, G., Gross, L., Morgan, M., & Signiorelli, N. (1982). Charting the mainstream: Television’s contributions to political orientations. Journal of Communication, 32, 100–127.
20. Giobbe, D. (1996, October 26). Dole wins … in endorsements. Editor and Publisher, pp. 7–11.
21. Graber, D. A. (1971). Press coverage patterns of campaign news: The 1968 presidential race. Journalism Quarterly, 48, 502–512.
22. Graber, D. A. (1976). Effect of incumbency on coverage patterns in 1972 presidential campaign. Journalism Quarterly, 53, 499–508.
23. Hershey, M. R. (2001). The campaign and the media. In Pomper, G. R. (Ed.), The Election of 2000: Reports and interpretations. New York: Chatham House.
24. Hofstetter, C. R. (1978). News bias in the 1972 campaign: A cross-media comparison. Journalism Monographs, 58, 1–30.
25. Hunter, J. E., & Schmidt, F. L. (1990). Methods of meta-analysis: Correcting error and bias in research findings. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
26. Hunter, J. E., Schmidt, F. L., & Jackson, G. B. (1982). Meta-analysis: Cumulating research findings across studies. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
27. Just, M. R. (1997). Candidate strategies and the media campaign. In Pomper, G. R. (ed.), The election of 1996: Reports and interpretations. Chatham, NJ: Chatham House.
28. Kahn, K. F., & Kenney, P. J. (2002). The slant of the news: How editorial endorsements influence campaign coverage and citizens’ views of candidates. American Political Science Review, 96, 381–394.
29. Kenney, K., & Simpson, C. (1993). Was coverage of the 1988 presidential race by Washington’s two major dailies biased? Journalism Quarterly, 70, 345–355.
30. Kern, M. (2001). Disadvantage Al Gore in election 2000. American Behavioral Scientist, 44, 2125–2139.
31. King, E. G. (1995). The flawed characters in the campaign: Prestige newspaper assessments of the 1992 presidential candidates’ integrity and competence. Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly, 72, 84–97.
32. Klapper, J. (1960). The effects of mass communication. New York: Free Press.
33. Kobre, S. (1953). How Florida dailies handled the 1952 presidential campaign. Journalism Quarterly, 30, 163–169.
34. Lacy, S., Fico, F., & Simon, T. (1991) Fairness and balance in the prestige press. Journalism Quarterly, 68, 363–370.
35. Lazarsfeld, P. F., Berelson, B., & Gaudet, H. (1944). The people’s choice: How the voter makes up his mind in a presidential campaign. New York: Columbia University Press.
36. Lazarsfeld, P. F., & Merton, R. K. (1948/1971). Mass communication, popular taste, and organized social action. In W. Schramm & D. F. Roberts (Eds.). The process and effects of mass communication. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.
37. Lichter, S. R. (1991). A plague on both parties: Substance and fairness in TV election news. Press/Politics, 6, 8–30.
38. Lieberman, T. (2000a). Slanting the story: The forces that shape the news. New York: New Press.
39. Lieberman, B. (2000b, November 13). ‘Tribune-Review’ covers half a campaign. Editor and Publisher, pp.9, 12.
40. Liebling, A. J. (1961/1975). The press. New York: Pantheon.
41. Mantler, G., & Whiteman, D. (1995). Attention to candidates and issues in newspaper coverage of 1992 presidential campaign. Newspaper Research Journal, 16, 14–28.
42. McLuhan, M. (1964). Understanding media: The extensions of man. New York: Signet.
43. McQuail, D. (1992). Media performance: Mass communication and the public interest. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
44. Meadow, R. G. (1973). Cross-media comparison of coverage of the 1972 presidential campaign. Journalism Quarterly, 50, 482–488.
45. Millspaugh, M. (1949). Baltimore newspapers and the presidential elections. Public Opinion Quarterly, 13, 122–123.
46. Mitchell, G. (2000, November 6). Bird in the hand for Bush? Editor and Publisher, pp. 24–27.
47. Nation’s editors pick 15 ‘superior’ papers (1960, April 2), Editor and Publisher, p. 12.
48. Newspaper endorsements for president since 1940 (1996, October 26), Editor and Publisher, p. 13.
49. Niven, D. (2002). Tilt? The search for media bias. Westport, CT: Praeger.
50. Nollet, M. A. (1968). The Boston Globe in four presidential elections. Journalism Quarterly, 45, 531–532.
51. Page, B. I., & Shapiro, R. Y. (1992). The rational public: Fifty years of trends in Americans’ policy preferences. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
52. Patterson, T. E. (1993) Out of order. New York: Knopf.
53. Patterson, T. E., & Donsbach, W. (1996). News decisions: Journalists as partisan actors. Political Communication, 13, 455–468.
54. Pournelle, J. (1992). Introduction. In R. A. Heinlein, Take back your government! A practical hand-bookfor the private citizen who wants democracy to work. Riverdale, NY: Baen.
55. Pritchard, D. (2001). A tale of three cities: “Diverse and antagonistic” information in situations of local newspaperlbroadcast cross-ownership. Federal Communications Law Journal, 54, 31–52.
56. Pritchard, D. (2002) Viewpoint diversity in cross-owned newspapers and television stations: A study of the news coverage of the 2000 presidential campaign. Retrieved August 22, 2005 from http://hraufoss.fcc.gov/edocs_public!attachmatchlDOC-226838A7.doc.
57. Rosenthal, R. (1991). Meta-analytic procedures for social research (rev. ed.). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
58. Schramm, W. (1988). The story of human communication: Cave painting to microchip. New York: HarperCollins.
59. Shaw, D. R. (1999). The impact of news media favorability and candidates’ events in presidential campaigns. Political Communication, 16, 183–202.
60. Smith, K. B. (1997). When all’s fair: Signs of parity in media coverage of female candidates. Political Communication, 14, 71–82.
61. Smith, T. W. (1990). Liberal and conservative trends in the United States since World War II. Public Opinion Quarterly, 54, 479–507.
62. Society of Professional Journalists. (1996). Society of Professional Journalists’ Code of Ethics. Retrieved August 22, 2005, from http://www.spj.org/ethics_code.asp.
63. St. Dizier, B. (1985). Republican endorsements, Democratic positions: An editorial page contradiction. Journalism Quarterly, 62, 581–586.
64. Staten, C. L., & Sloss, G. S. (1993). The media and politics: A content analysis of the Louisville Courier-Journal during the 1992 presidential election. Journal of Political Science, 21, 90–98.
65. Stempel, G. H. (1961). The prestige press covers the 1960 presidential campaigns. Journalism Quarterly, 38, 157–163.
66. Stempel, G. H. (1965). The prestige press in two presidential elections. Journalism Quarterly, 42, 15–21.
67. Stempel, G. H. (1969). The prestige press meets the third party challenge. Journalism Quarterly, 46, 699–706.
68. Stempel, G. H., & Windhauser, J. W. (1984). The prestige press revisited: Coverage of the 1980 presidential campaign. Journalism Quarterly, 61, 49–55.
69. Stempel, G. H., & Windhauser, J. W. (1989). Coverage of the prestige press of the 1988 presidential campaign. Journalism Quarterly, 66, 894–896, 919.
70. Stempel, G. H., & Windhauser, J. W. (1991). Newspaper coverage of the 1984 and 1988 campaigns. In G. H. Stempel and J. W. Windhauser(Eds.). The media in the 1984 and 1988 campaigns. New York: Greenwood.
71. Stevens, J. D. (1982). Shaping the First Amendment. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
72. Stromer-Galley, J. (2000). On-line interaction and why candidates avoid it. Journal of Communication, 50, 111–132.
73. Straubhaar, J., & LaRose, R. (2002). Media now: Communications media in the information age. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth/Thompson Learning.
74. Waldman, P., & Devitt, J. (1988). Newspaper photographs and the 1996 presidential election: The question of bias. Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly, 75, 302–311.
75. Westerstahl, J. (1983). Objective news reporting: General premises. Communication Research, 10, 403–424.
76. White, D. M. (1950). The gate-keeper: A case study in the selection of news. Journalism Quarterly, 27, 383–390.
77. Williams, A. (1975). Unbiased study of television news bias. Journal of Communication, 25, 190–199.