A model for time to fracture with a shock stream superimposed on progressive degradation: The Study of Osteoporotic Fractures

Statistics in Medicine

Volumn 34, Issue 4, 2015, Pages 652-663

  He, Xin ^a   Whitmore, G A ^b,c   Loo, Geok Yan ^a   Hochberg, Marc C ^d   Lee, Mei Ling Ting ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND   (United States)

^b MCGILL UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

^c OTTAWA HOSPITAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE   (Canada)

^d UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

Disease progression; Elderly; First hitting time; Health process; Threshold regression; Time to event data

Indexed keywords

AGED; BIOSTATISTICS; COMPLICATION; DISEASE COURSE; FEMALE; HIP FRACTURES; HUMAN; OSTEOPOROSIS; PROCEDURES; PROPORTIONAL HAZARDS MODEL; REGRESSION ANALYSIS; RISK FACTOR; STATISTICAL MODEL; STATISTICS; SURVIVAL; TIME;

AGED; BIOSTATISTICS; DISEASE PROGRESSION; FEMALE; HIP FRACTURES; HUMANS; MODELS, STATISTICAL; OSTEOPOROSIS; PROPORTIONAL HAZARDS MODELS; REGRESSION ANALYSIS; RISK FACTORS; STOCHASTIC PROCESSES; SURVIVAL ANALYSIS; TIME FACTORS;

EID: 84920386303     PISSN: 02776715     EISSN: 10970258     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/sim.6356     Document Type: Article

References (32)

1. Chapurlat RD, Bauer DC, Nevitt M, Stone K, Cummings SR. Incidence and risk factors for a second hip fracture in elderly women. The Study of Osteoporotic Fractures. Osteoporosis International 2003; 14:130-136.
2. Cummings SR, Black DM, Nevitt MC, Browner WS, Cauley JA, Genant HK, Mascioli SR, Scott JC, Seeley DG, Steiger P, Vogt TM. Appendicular bone density and age predict hip fracture in women. The Study of Osteoporotic Fractures research group. Journal of the American Medical Association 1990; 263:665-668.
3. Cummings SR, Nevitt MC, Browner WS, Stone K, Fox KM, Ensrud KE, Cauley J, Black D, Vogt TM. Risk factors for hip fracture in white women. Study of Osteoporotic Fractures research group. New England Journal of Medicine 1995; 332:767-773.
4. Cumming RG, Nevitt MC, Cummings SR. Epidemiology of hip fractures. Epidemiologic Reviews 1997; 19:244-257.
5. Kanis JA, Johansson H, Oden A, Johnell O, De Laet C, Eisman JA, McCloskey EV, Mellstrom D, Melton LJ3rd, Pols HA, Reeve J, Silman AJ, Tenenhouse A. A family history of fracture and fracture risk: a meta-analysis. Bone 2004; 35:1029-1037.
6. Kanis JA, Johnell O, Johansson OH, De Lact C, Eisman JA, Fujiwara S, Kroger H, McCloskey EV, Mellstrom D, Melton LJ3rd, Pols H, Reeve J, Silman A, Tenenhouse A. Smoking and fracture risk: a meta-analysis. Osteoporosis International 2005; 16:155-162.
7. Kanis JA, Oden A, Johnell O, Johansson H, De Laet C, Brown J, Burckhardt P, Cooper C, Christiansen C, Cummings S, Eisman JA, Fujiwara S, Glüer C, Goltzman D, Hans D, Krieg MA, La Croix A, McCloskey E, Mellstrom D, Melton LJ 3rd, Pols H, Reeve J, Sanders K, Schott AM, A Silman, Torgerson D, van Staa T, Watts NB, Yoshimura N. The use of clinical risk factors enhances the performance of BMD in the prediction of hip and osteoporotic fractures in men and women. Osteoporosis International 2007; 18:1033-1046.
8. Kanis JA, Johansson H, Johnell O, Oden A, De Laet C, Eisman JA, Pols H, Tenenhouse A. Alcohol intake as a risk factor for fracture. Osteoporosis International 2005; 16:737-742.
9. Kanis JA, Johansson H, Oden A, De Laet C, Johnell O, Eisman JA, Mc Closkey E, Mellstrom D, Pols H, Reeve J, Silman A, Tenenhouse A. A meta-analysis of milk intake and fracture risk: low utility for case finding. Osteoporosis International 2005; 16:799-804.
10. Kanis JA, Johansson H, Oden A, Johnell O, De Laet C, Melton LJ 3rd, Tenenhouse A, Reeve J, Silman AJ, Pols HA, Eisman JA, McCloskey EV, Mellstrom D. A meta-analysis of prior corticosteroid use and fracture risk. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research 2004; 19:893-899.
11. Kanis JA, Johnell O, De Laet C, Johansson H, Oden A, Delmas P, Eisman J, Fujiwara S, Garnero P, Kroger H, McCloskey EV, Mellstrom D, Melton LJ 3rd, Pols H, Reeve J, Silman A, Tenenhouse A. A meta-analysis of previous fracture and subsequent fracture risk. Bone 2004; 35:375-382.
12. Lauritzen JB. Hip fractures: incidence, risk factors, energy absorption, and prevention. Bone 1996; 18:65S-75S.
13. Nelson HD, Haney EM, Dana T, Bougatsos C, Chou R. Screening for osteoporosis: an update for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Annals of Internal Medicine 2010; 153:99-111.
14. Lim LS, Hoeksema LJ, Sherin K. ACPM Prevention Practice Committee. Screening for osteoporosis in the adult U.S. population: ACPM position statement on preventive practice. American Journal of Preventive Medicine 2009 36:366-375.
15. Angthong C, Suntharapa T, Harnroongroj T. Major risk factors for the second contralateral hip fracture in the elderly. Acta Orthopaedica et Traumatologica Turcica 2009; 43:193-198.
16. Berry SD, Samelson EJ, Hannan MT, McLean RR, Lu M, Cupples A, Shaffer ML, Beiser AL, Kelly-Hayes M, Kiel DP. Second hip fracture in older men and women: the Framingham Study. Archives of Internal Medicine 2007; 167:1971-1976.
17. Dretakis KE, Dretakis EK, Papakitsou EF, Psarakis S, Steriopoulos K. Possible predisposing factors for the second hip fracture. Calcified Tissue International 1998; 62:366-369.
18. Egan M, Jaglal S, Byrne K, Wells J, Stolee P. Factors associated with a second hip fracture: a systematic review. Clinical Rehabilitation 2008; 22:272-282.
19. Fukushima T, Sudo A, Uchida A. Bilateral hip fractures. Journal of Orthopaedic Science 2006; 11:435-438.
20. Lönnroos E, Kautiainen H, Karppi H, Hartikainen S, Kiviranta I, Sulkava R. Incidence of second hip fractures. A population-based study. Osteoporosis International 2007; 18:1279-1285.
21. Mitani S, Shimizu M, Abo M, Hagino H, Kurozawa Y. Risk factors for second hip fractures among elderly patients. Journal of Orthopaedic Science 2010; 15:192-197.
22. Kim SM, Moon YW, Lim SJ, Yoon BK, Min YK, Lee DY, Park YS. Prediction of survival, second fracture, and functional recovery following the first hip fracture surgery in elderly patients. Bone 2012; 50:1343-1350.
23. Ruan WD, Wang P, Ma XL, Ge RP, Zhou XH. Analysis on the risk factors of second fracture in osteoporosis-related fractures. Chinese Journal of Traumatology 2011; 14:74-78.
24. Ryg J, Rejnmark L, Overgaard S, Brixen K, Vestergaard P. Hip fracture patients at risk of second hip fracture: a nationwide population-based cohort study of 169, 145 cases during 1977-Ű2001. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research 2009; 24:1299-1307.
25. Yamanashi A, Yamazaki K, Kanamori M, Mochizuki K, Okamoto S, Koide Y, Kin K, A Nagano . Assessment of risk factors for second hip fractures in Japanese elderly. Osteoporosis International 2005; 16:1239-1246.
26. Lee M-LT, Whitmore GA. Threshold regression for survival analysis: modeling event times by a stochastic process reaching a boundary. Statistical Science 2006; 21:501-513.
27. Lee M-LT, Whitmore GA. Proportional hazards and threshold regression: their theoretical and practical connections. Lifetime Data Analysis 2010; 16:196-214.
28. Lee M-LT, Whitmore GA, Rosner BA. Threshold regression for survival data with time-varying covariates. Statistics in Medicine 2010; 29:896-905.
29. Gumbel EJ. Introduction. In Probability Table for the Analysis of Extreme-Value Data, National Bureau of Standards. U.S. Government Printing Office: Washington, DC, 1953; 1-15.
30. National Osteoporosis Foundation . Clinician's Guide to Prevention and Treatment of Osteoporosis. National Osteoporosis Foundation: Washington, DC. 2013. Available at http://www.nof.org/hcp/clinicians-guide (accessed on 12 March 2014).
31. Cauley JA, Seeley DG, Ensrud K, Ettinger B, Black D, Cummings SR. Estrogen replacement therapy and fractures in older women. Annals of Internal Medicine 1995; 122:9-16.
32. Engel P, Fabre A, Fournier A, Mesrine S, Boutron-Ruault MC, Clavel-Chapelon F. Risk of osteoporotic fractures after discontinuation of menopausal hormone therapy: results from the E3N cohort. American Journal of Epidemiology 2011; 174:12-21.