State organ-donation incentives under the national organ transplant act

Law and Contemporary Problems

Volumn 77, Issue 3, 2014, Pages 217-252

  Satel, Sally ^a   Morrison, Joshua C ^b   Jones, Rick K ^b  

^a YALE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84920062350     PISSN: 00239186     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (80)

1. Health Res. & Servs. Admin., National Data Reports January 1995-May 31, 2014, ORGAN PROCUREMENT & TRANSPLANTATION NETWORK, http://optn.transplant.hrsa.gov/latestData/step2.asp
2. Fred P. Sanfilippo et al., Factors Affecting the Waiting Time of Cadaveric Kidney Transplant Candidates in the United States, 267 JAMA 247, 249 (citing a median of 11.3 months), available at http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=394408
3. Jackie Carr, New Clinic Offers Access to Shorter Wait List for Kidney Transplantation, UC SAN DIEGO NEWS CTR (Feb. 18, 2010), http://ucsdnews.ucsd.edu/archive/newsrel/health/02-18ShorterWaitList.asp (citing a five to seven-year wait in 2010).
4. Benjamin Hippen, Preventive Measures May Not Reduce the Demand for Kidney Transplantation. There Is Reason to Suppose This Is Not the Case, 70 KIDNEY INT'L 606 (2006)
5. Robert M. Merion et al., Deceased-Donor Characteristics and the Survival Benefit of Kidney Transplantation, 294 JAMA 2726 (2005)
6. Akinlolu O. Ojo et al., Survival in Recipients of Marginal Cadaveric Donor Kidneys Compared with Other Recipients and Wait-Listed Transplant Candidates, 12J. AM. SOC'YNEPHROLOGY 589 (2001).
7. Ellen Sheehy et al., Estimating the Number of Potential Organ Donors in the United States, 349 NEW ENGLAND J. MED. 667, 667 (2003)
8. Sherry L. Murphy et al., Deaths: Final Data for 2010, NAT'L VITAL STAT. REP., May 8, 2013, at 1, 5.
9. Health Res. & Servs. Admin., Organ Datasource, ORGAN PROCUREMENT & TRANSPLANTATION NETWORK, http://optn.transplant.hrsa.gov/organDatasource/
10. Kieran Healy, Do Presumed Consent Laws Raise Organ Procurement Rates?, 55 DEPAUL L. REV. 1017 (2006).
11. Jed Adam Gross, Note, E Pluribus Unos: The National Organ Transplant Act and its Postoperative Complications, 8 Yale J. Health Pol'y L. & Ethics 145, 179-80 (2008)
12. Health Res. & Servs. Admin., Current Waiting List, Candidates, Overall by Organ, ORGAN PROCUREMENT & TRANSPLANTATION NETWORK, http://optn.transplant.hrsa.gov/latestData/step2.asp
13. Health Res. & Servs. Admin., U.S. Transplants Performed: Jan. 1, 1988-Dec. 31, 2013, Kidney, All Donor Types, ORGAN PROCUREMENT & TRANSPLANTATION NETWORK, http://optn.transplant.hrsa.gov/latestData/step2.asp
14. REASON-RUPE, PUBLIC OPINION SURVEY: MARCH 2012 TOPLINE RESULTS (2012), available at http://reason.com/assets/db/13327728509738.pdf
15. Karise Carrillo, Examining Attitudes on Organ Donation for Transplant: Amenability to Financial Incentives and Donor Benefits, 3 MCNAIR SCHOLARS RES. J. 1 (2010)
16. Scott D. Halpern et al., Regulated Payments for Living Kidney Donation: An Empirical Assessment of the Ethical Concerns, 152 ANNALS INTERNAL MED. 358 (2010)
17. Harry L. Humphries et al., Framing the Gift of Life: An Empirical Examination of Altruism, Social Distance and Material Incentives in Non-Directed Kidney Donor Motivation, 31 J. NEPHROLOLOGY SOC. WORK 20 (2009)
18. J.D. Jasper et al., Altruism, Incentives and Organ Donation: Attitudes of the Transplant Community 42 MED. CARE 378 (2004)
19. S. Leider & A.E. Roth, Kidneys for Sale: Who Disapproves, and Why, 10 AM. J. TRANSPLANTATION 1221 (2010)
20. Ken Resnicow et al., Development of a Scale to Measure African American Attitudes toward Organ Donation, 17J. HEALTH & PSYCHOL. 389 (2012)
21. J.R. Rodrigue et al., Stimulus for Organ Donation: A Survey of the American Society of Transplant Surgeons Membership, 9 AM. J. TRANSPLANTATION 2172 (2009);
22. Alison J. Wellington & Edward A. Sayre, An Evaluation of Financial Incentive Policies for Organ Donations in the United States, 29
23. CONTEMP. ECON. POL'Y 1 (2011; Scott Hensley, Poll: Americans Show Support For Compensation of Organ Donors, NPR (May 16, 2012, 3:00 AM), http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2012/05/16/152498553/
24. Separation of Power-An Overview, NAT'L CONF. STATE LEGISLATURES, http://www.ncsl.org/legislatures-elections/legislatures/separation-of-powers-an-overview.aspx (last visited Sep. 7, 2014).
25. YULE KIM, CONG. RESEARCH SERV., 97-589
26. Rick K. Jones, The Gift of Life and "Diseases of Language": Recovering a Lost Distinction in Effectuating the Purpose of the National Organ Transplant Act's Prohibition on the Transfer of Human Organs for Valuable Consideration, 80 TEMP. L. REV. 1067 (2007)
27. Nicholas Wade, The Editorial Notebook; The Crisis in Human Spare Parts, N.Y. TIMES, Oct. 4, 1983, at A26
28. Susan Hankin Denise, Regulating the Sale of Human Organs, 71 VA. L. REV. 1015 (1985).
29. Keith Mueller, The National Organ Transplant Act of 1984: Congressional Response to Changing Biotechnology, 8 POL'Y STUD. REV. 346, 350 (1989)
30. Victor Cohn, New Federal Help for Transplants Pressed by Gore, WASH. POST, Oct. 6, 1983
31. Margaret Engel, Va. Doctor Plans Company to Arrange Sale of Human Kidneys, WASH. POST, Sept. 19, 1983
32. Walter Sullivan, Buying of Kidneys of Poor Attacked, N.Y. TIMES, September 24, 1983 at 9
33. RICHARD M. TITMUSS, THE GIFT RELATIONSHIP: FROM HUMAN BLOOD TO SOCIAL POLICY (1970).
34. Lorenz Goette, Alois Stutzer & Beat M. Frey, Prosocial Motivation and Blood Donations: A Survey of the Empirical Literature, 37 TRANSFUSION MED. & HEMOTHERAPHY 149 (2010), available at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2914427/pdf/tmh0037-0149.pdf.
35. Edward W. Nelson et al., Financial Incentives for Organ Donations: A Rep. to the Payment Subcomm. OPTN/UNOS Ethics Comm. (June 30, 1993), http://optn.transplant.hrsa.gov/resources/bioethics.asp?index=4
36. Arthur J. Matas & Mark Schnitzler, Payment for Living Donor (vendor) kidneys: A Costeffectiveness Analysis, 4 AM. J. TRANSPLANTATION 216-21 (2004).
37. James M. Cole, Deputy Attorney G. to U.S. Attorneys, Guidance Regarding the Ogden Memo in Jurisdictions Seeking to Authorize Marijuana for Medical Use (June 29, 2011), available at http://www.justice.gov/oip/docs/dag-guidance-2011-for-medical-marijuana-use.pdf.
38. Erwin Chemerinsky, Empowering States When It Matters: A Different Approach to Preemption, 69
39. Michael C. Dorf, The Supreme Court 1997 Term-Foreword: The Limits of Socratic Deliberation, 112
40. Roderick M. Hills, Jr., Against Preemption: How Federalism Can Improve the National Legislative Process, 82N.Y.U. L. Rev. 1, 19-22 (2007)
41. W. McConnell, Federalism: Evaluating the Founders' Design, 54 U. CHI. L. REV. 1484, 1493-94 (1987)
42. Robert A. Schapiro, Toward a Theory of Interactive Federalism, 91 IOWA L. REV. 243, 246 (2005)
43. Julie Cohen, Copyright, Commodification, and Culture: Locating the Public Domain, in THE FUTURE OF THE PUBLIC DOMAIN 121, 121-24 (Lucie Guibault & P. Bernt Hugenholtz eds., 2006).
44. MARGARET JANE RADIN, CONTESTED COMMODITIES: THE TROUBLE WITH TRADE IN SEX, CHILDREN, BODY PARTS AND OTHER THINGS (1996)
45. Eugene Volokh, Medical Self-Defense, Prohibited Experimental Therapies, and Payment for Organs, 120 HARV. L. REV. 1813 (2007).
46. Jasjit S. Ahluwalia et al., Correlates of Controlled Hypertension in Indigent, Inner-City Hypertensive Patients, 12J. GEN. INTERNAL MED. 77, 77 (2002)
47. U.S. Dept. of Health & Human Services, Research on Social and Behavioral Interventions to Increase Organ Donation Grant Program 1999-2004, http://organdonor.gov/dtcp/minoritycampaign.html
48. N.J. LAW REVISION COMM., REPORT AND RECOMMENDATION ON THE UNIFORM ANATOMICAL GIFTS ACT (1987) at 2, available at http://www.lawrev.state.nj.us/rpts/anagft.pdf
49. Memorial Resolution by the University of Michigan Law Faculty Concerning E. Blythe Stason, 71 MICH. L. REV. 451 (1973)
50. E. Blythe Stason, Uniform Anatomical Gift Act, 23 BUS. LAW. 919-27 (1968)
51. Michele Goodwin The Body Market: Race Politics & Private Ordering, 49 ARIZ. L. REV. 599 (2007).
52. DEP'T JUST., http://www.justice.gov/about/about.html
53. ERIN D. WILLIAMS, BERNICE REYES-AKINBILEJE & KATHLEEN S. SWENDIMAN, CONG. RESEARCH SERV., RL33902, LIVING ORGAN DONATION AND VALUABLE CONSIDERATION 9 (2007), available at http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RL33902_20070308.pdf.
54. C.L. Bryce et al., Do Incentives Matter? Providing Benefits to Families of Organ Donors, 5 AM. J. TRANSPLANTATION 2999 (2005).
55. LEGIS. BUDGET & FIN. COMM., A PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF PENNSYLVANIA'S ORGAN AND TISSUE DONOR AWARENESS PROGRAM CONDUCTED PURSUANT TO HR-698 OF 2006, at S-8 (2007), available at http://lbfc.legis.state.pa.us/reports/2007/291.PDF
56. Council on Ethical and Judicial Affairs, Am. Med. Ass'n, Financial Incentives for Organ Procurement: Ethical Aspects of Future Contracts for Cadaveric Donors, 155 ARCHIVES INTERNAL MED. 581, 587 (1995).
57. Kevin B. O'Reilly, AMA Meeting: Delegates Seek to Change Law on Organ Donor Incentives, AM. MED. NEWS (July 7, 2008), http://www.amednews.com/article/20080707/profession/307079949/7/.
58. Christopher Snowbeck, Committee Approves Plan to Reward Families for Relatives' Organ Donations, PITTSBURGH POST-GAZETTE, June 10, 1999, at B7
59. Sheryl Gay Stolberg, Pennsylvania Set to Break Taboo on Reward for Organ Donations, N.Y. TIMES, May 6, 1999
60. Christopher Snowbeck, Organ Donor Funeral Aid Scrapped, PITTSBURGH POST-GAZETTE, February 1, 2002, at B1
61. Robert Arnold et al., Financial Incentives for Cadaver Organ Donation: An Ethical Reappraisal, 73 TRANSPLANTATION 1361, 1366 (2002).
62. Organ Donation Grief Counseling Program, PA. DEP'T HEALTH, http://www.portal.state.pa.us/portal/server.pt/community/organ_donation_awareness/18861/organ_donation_grief_counseling_program/830747
63. ORGAN DONATION ADVISORY COMM., THE PENNSYLVANIA ORGAN AND TISSUE DONATION ACTION PLAN 2010, at 16 (2010), available at http://www.portal.state.pa.us/portal/server.pt/document/924960/2010organtissuedonationactionplan_pdf.
64. EDWARD W. NELSON, UNOS ETHICS COMM., FINANCIAL INCENTIVES FOR ORGAN DONATION: A REPORT OF THE UNOS ETHICS PAYMENT SUBCOMMITTEE (1993), available at http://optn.transplant.hrsa.gov/resources/bioethics.asp?index=4.
65. OPTN/UNOS Board Endorses Studies of Incentives to Increase Donation, TRANSPLANT LIVING (June 28, 2002), http://transplantliving.org/community/newsroom/2002/06/optn-unos-boardendorses-studies-of-incentives-to-increase-donation/.
66. Richard N. Fine, Presidential Address at the 2006 World Transplant Congress (July 19, 2006), http://wwww.myast.org/coontent/richard-nn-fine-md-2006-ppresidential-adddress
67. Anthony Monaco, Financial Rewards for Organ Donation: Are We Getting Closer? 7 EXPERT REV. PHARMACOECONOMICS & OUTCOMES RES. 303 (2007)
68. J.R. Rodrigue et al., Stimulus for Organ Donation: A Survey of the American Society of Transplant Surgeons, 9 AM. J. TRANSPLANTATION 2172 (2009).
69. FRANK A. RIDDICK, JR., REPORT OF THE COUNCIL ON ETHICAL AND JUDICIAL AFFAIRS 3 (2002), available at http://www.ama-assn.org/resources/doc/code-medical-ethics/2151a.pdf.
70. U.S. Dep't of Health & Human Services, Mission and Meeting-Notes Archive of the Advisory Committee on Organ Transplantation, ORGANDONOR.GOV, http://organdonor.gov/legislation/advisory.html
71. Jim Warren, ACOT Recommends Set of Live Donor Standards; Spotlight Now on HHS Secretary Thompson's Response, TRANSPLANT NEWS, Nov. 27, 2002
72. Jim Warren, ASTS Ethics Committee Endorses Pilot Program to Test a Financial Incentive to Increase Organ Donation, TRANSPLANT NEWS, May 28, 2002, at P1
73. U.S. Dep't of Health & Human Servs., Summary Meeting Notes from May 2004 Meeting, ORGANDONOR.GOV, http://organdonor.gov/legislation/acotmay2004notes.html
74. U.S. Dep't of Health & Human Servs., Recommendations 36-41 from November 2004 Meeting, ORGANDONOR.GOV, http://organdonor.gov/legislation/acotrecs3641.html
75. U.S. Dep't of Health & Human Servs., Summary Meeting Notes, supra note 157.
76. Kevin B. O'Reilly, AMA Meeting: Delegates Seek to Change Law on Organ Donor Incentives, AM. MED. NEWS, (July 7, 2008), http://www.amednews.com/article/20080707/profession/307079949/7/.
77. Sherry F. Colb, Donor Chains and the Legality of Compensating Kidney Donors: Critically Assessing Our Moral Intuitions, VERDICT (March 7, 2012), http://verdict.justia.com/2012/03/07/donorchains-and-the-legality-of-compensating-kidney-donors.
78. Michael A. Rees et al., A Nonsimultaneous, Extended, Altruistic-Donor Chain, 360 NEW ENG. J. MED. 1096 (2009).
79. Kieran Healy & Kimberly D. Krawiec, Custom, Contract, and Kidney Exchange, 62 DUKE L.J. 645 (2012). 169
80. Press Release, Am. Med. Ass'n, Financial Incentives Could Improve Organ Donation and Reduce Donor-Recipient Gap (June 16, 2008), available at http://www.prnewswire.com/newsreleases/financial-incentives-could-improve-organ-donation-and-reduce-donor-recipient-gap-57471977.html.