The Voortrekker Monument: Monolith to myth

South African Historical Journal

Volumn 29, Issue 1, 1993, Pages 76-101

  Delmont, Elizabeth ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF THE WITWATERSRAND   (South Africa)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84920045101     PISSN: 02582473     EISSN: 17261686     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/02582479308671763     Document Type: Article

References (97)

1. The Voortekker Monument Pretoria Oficial Guide (Pretoria Board of Control of the Voortrekker Monument, 1st ed., 1954; 6th ed., 1969), 12, my emphasis.
2. L. Vail, ‘Introduction: Ethnicity in Southern African History’, in L. Vail, ed., The Creartion of Tribalism in Southern Africa (California, 1989), 14.
3. A.N. Pelzer, ‘The Historical Background to the Voortrekker Monument’, in The Voortrekker Monument official Guide, 14.
4. H. Giliomee, ‘The Beginnings of Afrikaner Ethnic Consciousness, 1850–1915’, in Vail, Creation of Tribalism, 22.
5. N. Etherington, ‘The Great Trek in Relation to the Mfecane: A Reassessment’, South African Historical Journal, 25 (1991), 8.
6. N. Etherington, ‘The Great Trek in Relation to the Mfecane: A Reassessment’, South African Historical Journal, 25 (1991), 8.
7. A. du Toit, ‘No Chosen People: The Myth of the Calvinist Origins of Afrikaner Nationalism and Racial Ideology’, American Historical Review, 88 (1983), 920–52.
8. The information about the history of the building and its funding comes from E.G. Jansen, ‘The Growth of an Idea’, The Voortrekker Monument Pretoria Official Guide, 24–5.
9. OJ.O. Ferreira, ‘Die Geskiedenis van die Sentrale Volksmonument Komitee’ (MA dissertation, University of Pretoria, 1970), 77.
10. G. Moerdijk, ‘The Sculpture and Architecture of the Voortrekker Monument’, The Voortrekker Monument Pretoria Official Guide, 58.
11. D. O’Meara, Volkskapitalisme: Class, Capital and Ideology in he Development of Afrikaner Nationalism (Johannesburg, 1983), 60
12. citing L.J. du Plessis, Letters of a Farmer (Johannesburg, 1951), no page reference. It is not exactly clear from O’Meara whether LJ. du Plessis was himself the secretary, or whether he (Du Plessis) was quoting from the secretary.
13. O’Meara, Volkskapitalisme, 61.
14. O’Meara, Volkskapitalisme, 60.
15. Vail, Creation of Tribalism, 11.
16. O’Meara, Volkskapitalisme, 61.
17. O’Meara, Volkskqitalhme, 62, citing the Rand Daily Mail, 8 Nov. 1935.
18. O’Meara, Volkskqitalhme, 62.
19. I.M. Lombard, ‘The Choice of a Site for the Voortrekker Monument’, The Voortrekker Monument official Guide, 28.
20. I.M. Lombard, ‘The Choice of a Site for the Voortrekker Monument’, The Voortrekker Monument official Guide, 27–8.
21. Moerdijk, ‘Sculpture and Architecture’, 55.
22. H. Potgieter, The Voortrekker Monument Pretoria (Pretoria, 1987), 41.
23. N.J. Coetzee, Piemef, Land and Landscape: The Johannesburg Panels in Context (Johannesburg, 1992).
24. In 1918 he was awarded first prize for the design of a church in Bothaville. Ferreira, ‘Geskiedenis van die Sentrale Volksmonument Komitee’. 65.
25. Ferreira, ‘Geskiedenis van die Sentrale Volksmonument Komitee’, 85, citing Die Volksblad Byvoegsel, 12 Feb. 1949.
26. G. Moerdijk, ‘Design and Symbolism of the Voortrekker Monument’, Voortrekker Monuments Pretoria official Guide, 32–3.
27. Brockhaus Enzyklopädie die Wiesbaden (Brockhaus, 1974)
28. Moerdijk, ‘Design and Symbolism’, 32.
29. ‘Sculpture and Architecture’, 55.
30. ‘Sculpture and Architecture’, 57.
31. D. Picton-Seymour, Historical Buildings of South Africa (Cape Town, 1989), 162.
32. R. Lullies and M. Hirmer, Greek Sculpture (London, 1960), 90–2.
33. Moerdijk, ‘Sculpture and Architecture’, 55.
34. Gertrude Caton–Thompson, The Zimbabwe Culture (Oxford, 1931).
35. P.S. Garlake, Great Zimbabwe (London, 1973), 65–110.
36. Moerdijk, ‘Design and Symbolism’, 34.
37. Moerdijk, ‘Design and Symbolism’, 31.
38. Moerdijk, ‘Design and Symbolism’, 33.
39. Du Toit, ‘No Chosen People’, 924–5.
40. R. Heymans, The Voortrekker Monument Pretoria (Pretoria, 1986).
41. G. Moerdijk, ‘The Historical Frieze’, Voortrekker Monument Pretoria official Guide, 49.
42. Moerdijk, ‘Design and Symbolism’, 34.
43. Moerdijk, ‘Historical Frieze’, 38.
44. J. Butler, ‘Afrikaner Women and the Creation of Ethnicity in a Small South African Town 1902–50’, in Vail, Creation of Tribalism, 52–7, 62–5.
45. Potgieter, Voortrekker Monuments, 43–4.
46. Moerdijk, ‘Historical Frieze’, 39.
47. Moerdijk, ‘Sculpture and Architecture’, 58.
48. E. Rankin, ‘Training and Trading: The Influence of Tuition and the Art Market in the Work of Some South African Sculptors’, De Arte, 43 (Apr. 1991), 5.
49. Moerdijk, ‘Historical Frieze’, 38.
50. I. Hofmeyr, ‘Building a Nation from Words: Afrikaans Language, Literature and Ethnic Identity, 1902–24’, in S. Marks and S. Trapido, eds, The Politics of Race, Claw and Nationalism in Twentieth-Century South Africa (Essex, 1987), 105.
51. Hofmeyr, ‘Building a Nation’, 119, footnote 48, citing P.C. Schoonbee, Die Prosa van die Tweede Afrikaanse Beweging (Pretoria, 1922), 13.
52. Moerdijk, ‘Historical Frieze’, 38, 41.
53. Potgieter, Voortrekker Monument, 83.
54. Hofmeyr, ‘Building a Nation’, 109.
55. Hofmeyr, ‘Building a Nation’, 109–10.
56. I. Hofmeyr, ‘Popularising History: The Case of Gustav Preller‘, in S. Clingman, ed., Regions and Repertoires: Topics in South African Politics and Culture. South African Studies vol. 6 (Johannesburg, 1991), 60–63.
57. I. Hofmeyr, ‘Popularising History: The Case of Gustav Preller‘, in S. Clingman, ed., Regions and Repertoires: Topics in South African Politics and Culture. South African Studies vol 6 (Johannesburg, 1991), 69.
58. R. Heymans, The Voortrekker Monument Pretoria (Pretoria, Board of Control of Voortrekker Monument, 1986). 8.
59. Hofmeyr, ‘Popularising History’, 72.
60. Hofmeyr, ‘Popularising History’, 15.
61. Potgieter, Voortrekker Monument, 48, my emphasis.
62. Moerdijk, ‘Design and Symbolism’, 31.
63. Moerdijk, ‘Historical Frieze’, 47.
64. Moerdijk, ‘Historical Frieze’, 46.
65. Moerdijk, ‘Historical Frieze’, 51, my emphasis.
66. Moerdijk, ‘Historical Frieze’, 38.
67. Potgieter, Voortrekker Monuments, 30.
68. Potgieter, Voortrekker Monuments, 42.
69. Potgieter, Voortrekker Monuments, 53.
70. Moerdijk, ‘Sculpture and Architecture’, 53.
71. Potgieter, however, Writes: ‘I had unfortunately lo reconstruct Retief from a conception that Frikkie [Kruger] had of him.’ Potgieter, Voortrekker Monument, 47.
72. Potgieter, Voortrekker Monument, 11.
73. Moerdijk, ‘Historical Frieze’, 49.
74. Moerdijk, ‘Design and Symbolism’, 31.
75. Heymans, Voortrekker Monument, 18.
76. Heymans, Voortrekker Monument, 13. To add insult to injury, the Voortrekkers are here constructed as liberators.
77. W.J.J. Mitchell, ‘The Violence of Public Art: Do the Right Thing’, Critical Injuiry, 16 (1989– 90), 886.
78. Du Toit, ‘No Chosen People’, 936–7.
79. Moerdijk, ‘Historical Frieze’, 44.
80. Heymans, Voortrekker Monuments, 17.
81. Moerdijk, ‘Historical Frieze’, 50.
82. Pelzer, ‘Historical Background’, 18.
83. Etherington, ‘Great Trek in Relation to the Mfecane’, 5
84. citing A. Grundlingh, ‘Politics, Principles and Problems of a Profession: Afrikaner Historians and their Discipline 1920–1965, ’ Perspectives in Education, 12 (1990) 1–19.
85. Moerdijk, ‘Sculpture and Architecture’, 55, writes: ‘This flame was chosen to symbolize European civilization which was carried into the dark and dangerous interior by the Voortrekkers.’
86. Moerdijk, ‘Design and Symbolism’, 31.
87. Heymans, Voortrekker Monument, 6.
88. J.B. Harley, ‘Maps, Knowledge, and Power’, in S. Daniels and D. Cosgrove, eds, The Iconography of Landscape (Cambridge, 1988), 282.
89. Harley, ‘Map, Knowledge, and Power‘, 290
90. cites S.Y. Edgerton, ‘From Mental Matrix to Mappamundi to Christian Empire: The Heritage of Ptolemaic Cartography in the Renaissance’, in D. Woodward, ed., Art and Cartography (Chicago, 1987), 26.
91. Harley, ‘Maps, Knowledge, and Power‘, 290.
92. Moerdijk, ‘Design and Symbolism’, 32.
93. Potgieter, Voortrekker Monument, 40.
94. Heymans, Voortrekker Monument, 6.
95. Moerdijk, ‘Design and Symbolism’, 36.
96. Moerdijk, ‘Historical Frieze’, 49.
97. Moerdijk, ‘Historical Frieze’, 48.