Constitutional adjudication and democracy

Israel Law Review

Volumn 33, Issue 2, 1999, Pages 193-215

  Grimm, Dieter ^a  

^a Federal Constitutional Court ^*  (Germany)

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EID: 84919550796     PISSN: 00212237     EISSN: 20479336     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S0021223700015971     Document Type: Article

References (40)

1. See Ronald Dworkin, Taking Rights Seriously (Duckworth, 1977/1987)
2. Robert Alexy, Theorie der Grundrechte (Baden-Baden, 1985).
3. See especially Martin Scheinin, Human Rights in Finnish Law, summary of a doctoral dissertation (Jyvaskyla, 1991).
4. See, e.g., Antero Jyranki, “Taking Democracy Seriously. The Problem of the Control of the Constitutionality of Legislation”, in M. Sakslin, ed., The Finnish Constitution in Transition (Helsinki, 1991) 6–30.
5. See, e.g., Yrjö Blomstedt, “A Historical Background of the Finnish Legal System”, in J. Uotila, ed., The Finnish Legal System (Helsinki, 1966) 7–23, at 19. Finland was annexed by the Russian Empire during the Napoleonic wars, but the Russian Emperor promised to uphold Norway's own Constitution and laws (inherited from Sweden, to which Finland belonged as an integral part until 1809).
6. See Matti Pellonp, “The Implementation of the European Convention on Human Rights in Finland”, in A. Rosas, ed., International Human Rights Norms in Domestic Law (Helsinki, 1990) 44–67.
7. See in more detail Martin Scheinin, “Incorporation and Implementation of Human Rights in Finland”, in M. Scheinin, ed., International Human Rights Norms in the Nordic and Baltic Countries (Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, The Hague, 1996) 257–294.
8. See Lauri Hannikainen, “How to Interpret, and What to Do to, the Treaty on Aircraft Seizures with the Soviet Union”, in Finnish Yearbook of International Law (vol. II, 1991) 538–558.
9. As for a compilation of the provisions on the basic rights, Constitutional Laws of Finland, The Parliament of Finland, et al. (Helsinki 1996).
10. So Scheinin, in International Human Rights Norms in the Nordic and Baltic Countries, The Parliament of Finland, at 276.
11. See, e.g., Jyränki, in The Finnish Constitution in Transition, The Parliament of Finland, at 14.
12. See especially Curt Olsson, “Om lagprövning” [Judicial review], vol. 130 (1994)
13. Tidsskrift utgiven af Juridiska Föreningen i Finland 443–503.
14. See generally Raimo Lahti, “Recodifying the Finnish Criminal Code of 1889: Towards a More Efficient, Just and Humane Criminal Law”, (1993) 27 Is. L.R. 101–117.
15. See also Raimo Lahti and Kimmo Nuotio, eds., Criminal Law Theory in Transition -Strafrechtstheorie im Umbruch (Finnish Lawyers' Publishing Company, Helsinki, 1992) passim
16. Regarding this discussion in general, see Raimo Lahti, “The Rule of Law and Finnish Criminal Law Reform”, (1995–1996) 37 Acta Juridica Hungarica 251–258, at 255.
17. See also Raimo Lahti, “Article 11”, in A. Alfredsson and A. Eide, eds., The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (Kluwer Law International, 1999) 239–249, at 245.
18. See E. Colvin, “Criminal Law and The Rule of Law”, in P. Fitzgerald, ed., Crime, Justice and Codification (Carswell, Toronto, 1986) 125–152, at 135.
19. See especially Mireille Delmas-Marty, “The European Union and Penal Law”, (1998) 4 Eur. L.J. 87–115, at 100.
20. See especially Ari-Matti Nuutila, “The Reform of Fundamental Rights and the Criminal Justice System in Finland”, (1995–1996) 37 Acta Juridica Hungarica 303–314
21. Kimmo Nuotio, “The Difficult Task of Drafting Law on Principles”, 287–301.
22. See especially the doctoral theses of Ari-Matti Nuutila, Rikosoikeudellinen huolimattomuus, (Helsinki, 1996) (German Summary: Fahrl'ssigkeit als Verhaltensform und als Schuldform)
23. Kimmo Nuotio, Teko, vaara, seuraus (Helsinki, 1998) (German Summary: Handlung, Gefahr, Erfolg).
24. See, e.g., Stäle Eskeland, “Criminal Law and the International Human Rights”, in A. Snare, ed., Beware of Punishment, Scandinavian Studies in Criminology (vol. 14, 1995) 204–221. According to Eskeland (at 220), international human rights permit an offensive and not only a defensive criminal policy.
25. See, e.g., Eero Backman, “Rechtsstaat und Strafrecht”, in R. Lahti and K. Nuotio, eds., Towards a Total Reform of Finnish Criminal Law (Helsinki, 1990) 7–20.
26. See especially P.O. Träskman, “Reform Movements in Criminal Procedure and the Protection of Human Rights in Finland”, (1993) 64 Internationale de Droit Penal (RIDP) 1063–1087
27. Johanna Niemi-Kiesiläinen, “Perusoikeudet rikosprosessissa” [Basic rights in criminal procedure] in L. Nieminen, ed., Perusoikeudet Suomessa [Basic rights in Finland] (Helsinki, 1999) 149–175.
28. See also Träskman, Perusoikeudet Suomessa, at 1080–1083.
29. See, e.g., Nuotio, Acta Juridica Hungarica (1995–1996), Perusoikeudet Suomessa, at 291 and 301, and, from the point of view of legal philosophy
30. Aulis Aarnio, The Rational as Reasonable (D. Reidel Publishing Company, Dordrecht, 1987) passim.
31. See also Ari Hirvonen, “The Rule of Justice and the Ethical Limits of Criminal Law”, Acta Juridica Hungarica (1995–1996) 221–229, who prefers to speak about the rule of justice (instead of ‘rule of law’).
32. See Kaarlo Tuori, “Oikeustiede 2000” (Summary: Legal Science in the Year 2000), (1998) 96 Lakimies [Journal of Finnish Lawyers' Association] 1002–1013, 1213.
33. See Delmas-Marty, (1998) European L.J. Lakimies [Journal of Finnish Lawyers' Association], at 96–97.
34. See more e.g., Raimo Lahti, “Towards an International and European Criminal Policy?”, in M. Tupamaki, ed., Liber Amicorum Bengt Broms (Helsinki, 1999) 222–240, at 235–239
35. Peter-Alexis Albrecht and Stefan Braum, “Deficiencies in the Development of European Criminal Law”, (1999) 5 Eur. L.J. 293–310.
36. See in more detail, N. Neuwahl and A. Rosas, eds., The European Union and Human Rights (Dordrecht, Martinus Nijhoff,1995) passim.
37. See generally Christine Van den Wyngaert, “The Transformations of International Criminal Law in Response to the Challenge of Organized Crime, General Report”, (1999) 70 133–221.
38. See also the corresponding Resolution IV of the XVIth International Congress on Penal Law, adopted on 11 September 1999 in Budapest; RIDP, vol. 70, 1999, pp. 907–913.
39. See, e.g., John Dugard and Christine Van den Wyngaert, “Reconciling Extradition with Human Rights”, (1998) 92 Am. J. Int'l L. 187–212.
40. See Van den Wyngaert, Am. J. Int'l L., at 149.