The aesthetic emergency of the avian flu affect

The Geopolitics of American Insecurity: Terror, Power and Foreign Policy

Volumn , Issue , 2008, Pages 161-180

  Whitehall, Geoffrey ^a  

^a ACADIA UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

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[No Author keywords available]

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EID: 84919543453     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.4324/9780203884218     Document Type: Chapter

References (92)

1. Giorgio Agamben, "Security and Terror," Theory and Event Vol. 5, No. 4 (2002), p. 2.
2. Quoted in Mike Davis, The Monster at Our Door (New York: The New Press, 2005), p. 139.
3. Richard Ashley, "Living on Borderlines: Man, Poststructuralism, and War," in eds. James Der Derian and Michael J. Shapiro, International/Intertextual Relations (Lexington: Lexington Books, 1989), pp. 259-321.
4. Jeffrey Taubenberger and Ann Reid, "Archaevirology: Characterization of the 1918 'Spanish' Influenza Pandemic Virus," in eds. Charles Greenblatt and Mark Spigelman, Emerging Pathogens: Archaeology, Ecology and Evolution of Infectious Disease (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003), p. 189.
5. Davis, The Monster at Our Door, p. 11.
6. David Campbell, Writing Security: United States Foreign Policy and the Politics of Identity (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1998), p. 1.
7. See also, François Ewald, "Insurance and Risk," in eds. Graham Burchell, Colin Gordon, and Peter Miller, The Foucault Effect: Studies in Governmentality (Chicago: Chicago University Press, 1991), p. 199.
8. Daniel W. Smith, "Introduction," in Gilles Deleuze, Francis Bacon: The Logic of Sensation (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2002), p. xvii.
9. Roland Bleiker, "Art after 9/11," Alternatives Vol. 31, No. 1 (2006), p. 80.
10. See Jacques Rancière, The Politics of Aesthetics (New York: Continuum, 2004), pp. 12-19.
11. Brian Massumi, Parables for the Virtual (Durham: Duke University Press, 2002), p. 27.
12. Brian Massumi, "Fear (the Spectrum Said)," Positions Vol. 13, No. 1 (2005), p. 39.
13. Michael Fumento, "Fuss and Feathers: Pandemic Panic over the Avian flu," The Weekly Standard, November 21, 2005, p. 28.
14. Quoted in Margot Andresen, "Avian Flu: WHO Prepares for the Worst," Canadian Medical Association Journal Vol. 170, No. 5 (2004), p. 777.
15. See Canadian Broadcasting Corporation, "The Next Pandemic?," available at www.cbc.ca/news/background/avianfl. (last visited on September 4, 2006).
16. Anthony Fauci, "Race Against Time," Nature, Vol. 435, May 26, 2005, pp. 423-4.
17. Davis, The Monster at Our Door, pp. 124-5.
18. See Andresen, "Avian Flu," p. 777.
19. Davis, The Monster at Our Door, pp. 4-8.
20. Number quoted in Fumento, "Fuss and Feathers," p. 24.
21. See Fumento, "Fuss and Feathers," p. 24.
22. One can check out the interactive map showing how the contagion is getting closer at news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/world/05/bird_flu_map/html/1.stm.
23. Laurie Garrett, The Coming Plague: Newly Emerging Diseases in a World out of Balance (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1994).
24. Robert D. Kaplan, "The Coming Anarchy," The Atlantic Monthly, Vol. 273, No. 2 (February 1994), pp. 44-76.
25. See Davis, The Monster at Our Door; my emphasis.
26. See the film Hotel Rwanda, dir. Terry George (MGM, 2004).
27. Simon Dalby, "Reading Kaplan's 'Coming Anarchy'," in eds. Gearóid Ó Tuathail, Simon Dalby, and Paul Routledge, The Geopolitical Reader (London: Routledge, 1998), p. 199.
28. Jorge Fernandez, "Ebola Takes to the Road," in eds. Jenny Edkins, Véronique Pin-Fat, and Michael J. Shapiro, Sovereign Lives: Power in Global Politics (London: Routledge, 2004), p. 192.
29. See Anne McClintock, Imperial Leather: Race, Gender and Sexuality in the Colonial Conquest (London: Routledge, 1995), chapters 1 and 5.
30. Karen Becker, "Avian and Influenza Pandemics: A threat to the Asia-pacific Community," available at www.apec.org/apec/documents_reports/health_task_force/2005.html#AI. my emphasis.
31. CNN, "Who Warns of Dire Flu Pandemic," available at www.cnn.com/2004/HEALTH/11/25/birdflu.warning. (last visited on April 10, 2006).
32. Stohr, quoted in Davis, The Monster at Our Door, p. 165.
33. World Health Organization, "Ten Things You Need to Know about Pandemic Influenza," available at www.who.int/csr/disease/influenza/pandemic10things/en. (last visited on April 10, 2006); my emphasis.
34. Walter Benjamin, "Thesis on the Philosophy of History," in Benjamin, Illuminations (New York: Schocken Books: 1968), p. 257.
35. See Mark Neocleous, "The Problem with Normality: Taking Exception to 'Permanent Emergency'," Alternatives Vol. 31, No. 2 (2006), pp. 191-213.
36. Barry Glassner, The Culture of Fear (New York: Basic Books, 1999).
37. Giorgio Agamben, State of Exception (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2005), p. 22; my emphasis.
38. See Carl Schmitt, The Concept of the Political (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1996), p. 26.
39. For more on this critical line of analysis, see Ashley, "Living on Borderlines," pp. 259-321.
40. Michel Foucault, The History of Sexuality, Volume I (New York: Vintage, 1978), p. 136.
41. Nikolas Rose, The Politics of Life Itself (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2007), p. 64.
42. See Carl Schmitt, Political Theology (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1985), p. 5.
43. Foucault, The History of Sexuality, Volume I, p. 137.
44. See Paul Rabinow, "Midst Anthropology's Problems," in eds. Aihwa Ong and Steven Collier, Global Assemblages: Technology, Politics and Ethics as Anthropological Problems (London: Blackwell, 2005), pp. 40-54.
45. Michel Foucault, The Order of Things (London: Routledge, 1989).
46. See Schmitt, The Concept of the Political.
47. Anne Caldwell, "Bio-Sovereignty and the Emergence of Humanity," Theory and Event Vol. 7, No. 2 (2004), pp. 1-2.
48. Amar Bhat, "Remarks by the APEC Health Task Force Chair," available at www.apec.org/apec/documents_reports/health_task_force/2005.html#AI.
49. Agamben, State of Exception, p. 29.
50. Ron Fouchier, et al., "Global Task Force for Influenza," Nature Vol. 435, May 26, 2005, pp. 419-20.
51. Michael Osterholm, "Preparing for the Next Pandemic," Foreign Affairs Vol. 84, No. 4 (July/August 2005), available at www.foreignaffairs.org/20050701faessay84402/michael-t-osterholm/preparing-for-the-next-pandemic.html.
52. To see how this materialized in US military policy under the leadership of Donald Rumsfeld, see Robert D. Kaplan, "Supremacy by Stealth," The Atlantic Monthly, Vol. 292, No. 1 (July/August 2003), pp. 66-83.
53. See APEC, "Regional Health Threats," available at www.apec.org/apec/apec_groups/som_special_task_groups/health_task_force/apec_information_on.html.
54. Fouchier et al., "Global Task Force for Influenza," pp. 419-20.
55. Osterholm, "Preparing for the Next Pandemic," no page given.
56. Nelson Schwartz, "Rumsfeld's Growing Stake in Tamiflu," available at money.cnn.com/2005/10/31/news/newsmakers/fortune_rumsfeld/.
57. Michael D. Christian et al., "Development of a Triage Protocol for Critical Care during an Influenza Pandemic," available at www.cmaj.ca/cgi/content/full/175/11/1377 (last accessed on February 2, 2007).
58. See eds. Ong and Collier, Global Assemblages.
59. Nikolas Rose and Carlos Novas, "Biological Citizenship," in eds. Ong and Collier, Global Assemblages, p. 445.
60. See Gisli Palsson and Paul Rabinow, "Iceland Controversy: Reflections of the Transnational Virtue," in eds. Ong and Collier, Global Assemblages, pp. 91-104;
61. Sarah Franklin, "Stem Cells R Us: Emergent Life Forms and the Global Biological," in eds. Ong and Collier, Global Assemblages, pp. 59-78;
62. Vinh-Kim Nguyen, "Antiretroviral Globalism, Biopolitics, and Therapeutic Citizenship," in eds. Ong and Collier, Global Assemblages, pp. 124-44;
63. Nancy Scheper-Hughes, "The Last Commodity: Post-Human Ethics and the Global Traffic in 'Fresh' Organs," in eds. Ong and Collier, Global Assemblages, pp. 145-68.
64. Eugene Thacker, Biomedia (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2004).
65. Thacker, Biomedia, p. 28.
66. Giorgio Agamben, The Open (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2002), p. 38.
67. Carl von Clausewitz, On War (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007).
68. Stohr, quoted in Davis, The Monster at Our Door, p. 165.
69. Agamben, State of Exception, p. 86.
70. See Davis, The Monster at Our Door, p. 165.
71. APEC, "Results from Survey-Pandemic Influenza and Preparedness: Situation Assessment for APEC and Western Pacific Economies Public Health Emergency Preparedness Training Course," available at www.apec.org/apec/documents_reports/health_task_force/2005.html#AI.
72. See Richard Pearce and Ron McGee, Fatal Contact: Bird Flu in America, ABC television network (2006).
73. Douglas McNeil, Jr., "In Daylong Drill, an Agency Tries to Prepare for a Real Outbreak of Avian Flu," New York Times, February 1, 2007, p. A14.
74. Paul Virilio, Art and Fear (London: Continuum, 2004), p. 75.
75. Walter Benjamin, "Thesis on the Philosophy of History," p. 257.
76. Agamben, State of Exception, p. 88.
77. Agamben, The Open, p. 92.
78. Agamben, State of Exception, p. 88.
79. See Geoffrey Whitehall, "Viral Politics: Avian flu, Difference and Contagion," paper presented at the 48th Annual Convention of the International Studies Association (Chicago, IL, 2007);
80. Geoffrey Whitehall, "Infected Life and Viral Politics: Agamben and the Avian Flu," paper presented at the Canada Research Chair in Sustainability and Culture Conference on the topic of Nature Matters: Materiality and the More-than-Human in Cultural Studies of the Environment (Toronto, Canada, 2007).
81. For instance, see ed. Cary Wolfe, Zoontologies: The Question of the Animal (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2003);
82. Cary Wolfe, Animal Rites (Chicago: Chicago University Press, 2003).
83. Massumi, "Fear (the Spectrum Said)," p. 35.
84. See Pearce and McGee, Fatal Contact (ABC).
85. See New York Times, "Global Effort Attracts $1.9 Billion in Pledges to Battle Bird Flu," January 19, 2006, p. A9.
86. Figures from Osterholm, "Preparing for the Next Pandemic," no page given.
87. New York Times, "Global Effort," p. A9.
88. For an equally, if not more, compelling tale of preemptive need, see Steven Lewis, The Race against Time (Concord: House of Anansi Press, 2006).
89. Laurie Garrett, "The Next Pandemic?," Foreign Affairs Vol. 84, No. 4 (July/August 2005), available at www.foreignaffairs.org/20050701faessay84401/laurie-garrett/the-next-pandemic.html.
90. See Debora Mackenzie, "Bird Flu Outbreak Started a Year Ago," The New Scientist, January 28, 2004, available at http://www.newscientist.com/article.ns?id=dn4614
91. See Joint Vision 2020: America's Military; Preparing for Tomorrow, available at www.dtic.mil/jointvision/jvpub2.htm.
92. Inspired by Chris Connery's comment that "resistance writes its own geography," quoted in Rob Wilson and Arlif Dirlik, Asia/Pacific as Space of Cultural Production (Durham: Duke University Press, 1995), p. 6.