메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 87, Issue 6, 2014, Pages 782-795

The impact of humidity on evaporative cooling in small desert birds exposed to high air temperatures

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AIR TEMPERATURE; BIRD; BODY TEMPERATURE; COOLING; DESERT; ENVIRONMENTAL FACTOR; EVAPORATION; METABOLISM; RELATIVE HUMIDITY; THERMOREGULATION;

EID: 84919391587     PISSN: 15222152     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1086/678956     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (89)

References (61)
  • 1
    • 0001678007 scopus 로고
    • Effect of dehydration on cutaneous water evaporation in heatexposed pigeons (Columba livia)
    • Arad Z., I. Gavrieli-Levin, U. Eylath, and J. Marder. 1987. Effect of dehydration on cutaneous water evaporation in heatexposed pigeons (Columba livia). Physiol Zool 60:623-630.
    • (1987) Physiol Zool , vol.60 , pp. 623-630
    • Arad, Z.1    Gavrieli-Levin, I.2    Eylath, U.3    Marder, J.4
  • 2
    • 0017068037 scopus 로고
    • A heat transfer analysis of animals: Unifying concepts and the application of metabolism chamber data to field ecology
    • Bakken G.S. 1976. A heat transfer analysis of animals: unifying concepts and the application of metabolism chamber data to field ecology. J Theor Biol 60:337-384.
    • (1976) J Theor Biol , vol.60 , pp. 337-384
    • Bakken, G.S.1
  • 3
    • 0001585510 scopus 로고
    • The water economy of land birds
    • Bartholomew G.A. and T.J. Cade. 1963. The water economy of land birds. Auk 80:504-539.
    • (1963) Auk , vol.80 , pp. 504-539
    • Bartholomew, G.A.1    Cade, T.J.2
  • 4
    • 0002442946 scopus 로고
    • Patterns of panting and gular flutter in cormorants, pelicans, owls, and doves
    • Bartholomew G.A., R.C. Lasiewski, and E.C. Crawford. 1968. Patterns of panting and gular flutter in cormorants, pelicans, owls, and doves. Condor 70:31-34.
    • (1968) Condor , vol.70 , pp. 31-34
    • Bartholomew, G.A.1    Lasiewski, R.C.2    Crawford, E.C.3
  • 5
    • 0015029384 scopus 로고
    • Cutaneousandrespiratoryevaporationin thepaintedquail, Excalfactoriachinensis, duringontogenyof thermoregulation
    • Bernstein M.H.1971.Cutaneousandrespiratoryevaporationin thepaintedquail, Excalfactoriachinensis, duringontogenyof thermoregulation. Comp Biochem Physiol A 38:611-617.
    • (1971) Comp Biochem Physiol A , vol.38 , pp. 611-617
    • Bernstein, M.H.1
  • 6
    • 0000125235 scopus 로고
    • Thermal and caloric relations of birds
    • in D.S. Farner and J.R. King, eds., Academic Press, New York
    • Calder W.A. and J.R. King. 1974. Thermal and caloric relations of birds. Pp. 259-413 in D.S. Farner and J.R. King, eds. Avian biology. Vol. 4. Academic Press, New York.
    • (1974) Avian biology , vol.4 , pp. 259-413
    • Calder, W.A.1    King, J.R.2
  • 7
    • 0013899295 scopus 로고
    • Evaporative coolingandrespiratoryalkalosisinthepigeon
    • Calder W.A. and K. Schmidt-Nielsen. 1966. Evaporative coolingandrespiratoryalkalosisinthepigeon. ProcNatlAcadSci USA 55:750-756.
    • (1966) ProcNatlAcadSci USA , vol.55 , pp. 750-756
    • Calder, W.A.1    Schmidt-Nielsen, K.2
  • 9
    • 0008610740 scopus 로고
    • Oxygen consumption, evaporative water loss, and temperature regulation of California gull chicks (Larus californicus) in a desert rookery
    • Chappell M.A., D.L. Goldstein, and D.W. Winkler. 1984. Oxygen consumption, evaporative water loss, and temperature regulation of California gull chicks (Larus californicus) in a desert rookery. Physiol Zool 57:204-214.
    • (1984) Physiol Zool , vol.57 , pp. 204-214
    • Chappell, M.A.1    Goldstein, D.L.2    Winkler, D.W.3
  • 11
    • 77951462885 scopus 로고
    • Temperature regulation and water requirements of the brown and Abert towhees, Pipilo fuscus and Pipilo aberti
    • in W.H. Furgason, A.M. Bullock, and A.M. Schechtman, eds., University of California Press, Berkeley
    • Dawson W.R. 1954. Temperature regulation and water requirements of the brown and Abert towhees, Pipilo fuscus and Pipilo aberti. Pp. 81-124 in W.H. Furgason, A.M. Bullock, and A.M. Schechtman, eds. University of California Publications in Zoology 59. University of California Press, Berkeley.
    • (1954) University of California Publications in Zoology 59 , pp. 81-124
    • Dawson, W.R.1
  • 12
    • 0041389487 scopus 로고
    • Evaporative losses of water by birds
    • Dawson W.R. 1982. Evaporative losses of water by birds. Comp Biochem Physiol A 71:495-509.
    • (1982) Comp Biochem Physiol A , vol.71 , pp. 495-509
    • Dawson, W.R.1
  • 13
    • 0003388304 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulation of body temperature
    • In G.C. Wittow, ed., Academic Press, Oxford
    • Dawson W.R. and G.C. Wittow. 2000. Regulation of body temperature. In G.C. Wittow, ed. Sturkies avian physiology. Academic Press, Oxford.
    • (2000) Sturkies avian physiology
    • Dawson, W.R.1    Wittow, G.C.2
  • 14
    • 84881082185 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in ecologically critical terrestrial climate conditions
    • Diffenbaugh N.S. and C.B. Field. 2013. Changes in ecologically critical terrestrial climate conditions. Science 341:486-492.
    • (2013) Science , vol.341 , pp. 486-492
    • Diffenbaugh, N.S.1    Field, C.B.2
  • 15
    • 0001074628 scopus 로고
    • Why not to do twospecies comparative studies: Limitations on inferring adaptation
    • Garland T., Jr., and S.C. Adolph. 1994. Why not to do twospecies comparative studies: limitations on inferring adaptation. Physiol Zool 67:797-828.
    • (1994) Physiol Zool , vol.67 , pp. 797-828
    • Garland, T.1    Adolph, S.C.2
  • 16
    • 24644494898 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phylogenetic approaches in comparative physiology
    • Garland T., Jr., A.F. Bennett, and E.L. Rezende. 2005. Phylogenetic approaches in comparative physiology. J Exp Biol 208:3015-3035.
    • (2005) J Exp Biol , vol.208 , pp. 3015-3035
    • Garland, T.1    Bennett, A.F.2    Rezende, E.L.3
  • 17
    • 0021532530 scopus 로고
    • The thermal environment and its constraint on activity of desert quail in summer
    • Goldstein D.L. 1984. The thermal environment and its constraint on activity of desert quail in summer. Auk 101:542-550.
    • (1984) Auk , vol.101 , pp. 542-550
    • Goldstein, D.L.1
  • 18
    • 84864351549 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heat loss may explain bill size differences between birds occupying different habitats
    • Greenberg R., V. Cadena, R.M. Danner, and G. Tattersall. 2012. Heat loss may explain bill size differences between birds occupying different habitats. PLoS ONE 7:e40933.
    • (2012) PLoS ONE , vol.7 , pp. e40933
    • Greenberg, R.1    Cadena, V.2    Danner, R.M.3    Tattersall, G.4
  • 19
    • 0242267766 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lipids of the stratum corneum vary with cutaneous water loss among larks along a temperature-moisture gradient
    • Haugen M., J.B. Williams, P. Wertz, and B.I. Tieleman. 2003. Lipids of the stratum corneum vary with cutaneous water loss among larks along a temperature-moisture gradient. Physiol Biochem Zool 76:907-917.
    • (2003) Physiol Biochem Zool , vol.76 , pp. 907-917
    • Haugen, M.1    Williams, J.B.2    Wertz, P.3    Tieleman, B.I.4
  • 20
    • 0032703018 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibiting ventilatory evaporation produces an adaptive increase in cutaneous evaporation in mourning doves Zenaida macroura
    • Hoffman T.C. and G.E. Walsberg. 1999. Inhibiting ventilatory evaporation produces an adaptive increase in cutaneous evaporation in mourning doves Zenaida macroura. J Exp Biol 202:3021-3028.
    • (1999) J Exp Biol , vol.202 , pp. 3021-3028
    • Hoffman, T.C.1    Walsberg, G.E.2
  • 22
    • 0001596126 scopus 로고
    • Evaporative water loss in birds. I. Characteristics of the open flow method of determination, and their relation to estimates of thermoregulatory ability
    • Lasiewski R.C., A.L. Acosta, and M.H. Bernstein. 1966. Evaporative water loss in birds. I. Characteristics of the open flow method of determination, and their relation to estimates of thermoregulatory ability. Comp Biochem Physiol 19:445-457.
    • (1966) Comp Biochem Physiol , vol.19 , pp. 445-457
    • Lasiewski, R.C.1    Acosta, A.L.2    Bernstein, M.H.3
  • 25
    • 0023746664 scopus 로고
    • Heat balance of acclimated pigeons (Columba livia) exposed to temperatures up to 607C Ta
    • Marder J. and Y. Arieli. 1988. Heat balance of acclimated pigeons (Columba livia) exposed to temperatures up to 607C Ta. Comp Biochem Physiol A 91:165-170.
    • (1988) Comp Biochem Physiol A , vol.91 , pp. 165-170
    • Marder, J.1    Arieli, Y.2
  • 26
    • 0020657862 scopus 로고
    • Cutaneous water evaporation. I. Its significance in heat-stressed birds
    • Marder J. and J. Ben-Asher. 1983. Cutaneous water evaporation. I. Its significance in heat-stressed birds. Comp Biochem Physiol A 75:425-431.
    • (1983) Comp Biochem Physiol A , vol.75 , pp. 425-431
    • Marder, J.1    Ben-Asher, J.2
  • 27
    • 0000113648 scopus 로고
    • Body and egg temperature regulation in incubating pigeons exposed to heat stress: The role of skin evaporation
    • Marder J. and I. Gavrieli-Levin. 1986. Body and egg temperature regulation in incubating pigeons exposed to heat stress: The role of skin evaporation. Physiol Zool 59:532-538.
    • (1986) Physiol Zool , vol.59 , pp. 532-538
    • Marder, J.1    Gavrieli-Levin, I.2
  • 28
    • 0023250849 scopus 로고
    • The heat-acclimated pigeon: An ideal physiological model for a desert bird
    • Marder J. and I. Gavrieli-Levin. 1987. The heat-acclimated pigeon: an ideal physiological model for a desert bird. J Appl Physiol 62:952-958.
    • (1987) J Appl Physiol , vol.62 , pp. 952-958
    • Marder, J.1    Gavrieli-Levin, I.2
  • 29
    • 1642546317 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Partitioning of evaporative water loss in white-winged doves: Plasticity in response to short-term thermal acclimation
    • McKechnie A.E. and B.O. Wolf. 2004. Partitioning of evaporative water loss in white-winged doves: Plasticity in response to short-term thermal acclimation. J Exp Biol 207: 203-210.
    • (2004) J Exp Biol , vol.207 , pp. 203-210
    • McKechnie, A.E.1    Wolf, B.O.2
  • 30
    • 72049089021 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relative increase of record high maximum temperatures compared to record low minimum temperatures in the U.S
    • Meehl G.A., C. Tebaldi, G. Walton, D. Easterling, and L. McDaniel. 2009. Relative increase of record high maximum temperatures compared to record low minimum temperatures in the U.S. Geophys Res Lett 36:L23701.
    • (2009) Geophys Res Lett , vol.36 , pp. L23701
    • Meehl, G.A.1    Tebaldi, C.2    Walton, G.3    Easterling, D.4    McDaniel, L.5
  • 31
    • 79955935039 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cutaneous water loss and the development of the stratum corneum of nestling house sparrows (Passer domesticus) from desert and mesic environments
    • Muñoz-Garcia A. and J.B. Williams. 2011. Cutaneous water loss and the development of the stratum corneum of nestling house sparrows (Passer domesticus) from desert and mesic environments. Physiol Biochem Zool 84:277-286.
    • (2011) Physiol Biochem Zool , vol.84 , pp. 277-286
    • Muñoz-Garcia, A.1    Williams, J.B.2
  • 33
    • 0036736266 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cutaneous blood flow in the pigeon Columba livia: Its possible relevance to cutaneous water evaporation
    • Ophir E., Y. Arieli, J. Marder, and M. Horowitz. 2002. Cutaneous blood flow in the pigeon Columba livia: Its possible relevance to cutaneous water evaporation. J Exp Biol 205:2627-2636.
    • (2002) J Exp Biol , vol.205 , pp. 2627-2636
    • Ophir, E.1    Arieli, Y.2    Marder, J.3    Horowitz, M.4
  • 34
    • 33847259379 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nlme: Linear and nonlinear mixed effects models
    • and R Development Core Team
    • Pinheiro J., D. Bates, S. DebRoy, D. Sarkar, and R Development Core Team. 2001. Nlme: Linear and nonlinear mixed effects models. R package version 3.1-101.
    • (2001) R package version , vol.3 , pp. 1-101
    • Pinheiro, J.1    Bates, D.2    Debroy, S.3    Sarkar, D.4
  • 35
    • 0038082946 scopus 로고
    • Effect of temperature and humidity on evaporative water loss in Anna’s hummingbird (Calypte anna)
    • Powers D.R. 1992. Effect of temperature and humidity on evaporative water loss in Anna’s hummingbird (Calypte anna). J Comp Physiol B 162:74-84.
    • (1992) J Comp Physiol B , vol.162 , pp. 74-84
    • Powers, D.R.1
  • 36
    • 84880336245 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rates of projected climate change dramatically exceed past rates of climatic niche evolution among vertebrate species
    • Quintero I. and J.J. Wiens. 2013. Rates of projected climate change dramatically exceed past rates of climatic niche evolution among vertebrate species. Ecol Lett 16:1095-1103.
    • (2013) Ecol Lett , vol.16 , pp. 1095-1103
    • Quintero, I.1    Wiens, J.J.2
  • 37
    • 81055145470 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increase of extreme events in a warming world
    • Rahmstorf S. and D. Coumou. 2011. Increase of extreme events in a warming world. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 108: 17905-17909.
    • (2011) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.108 , pp. 17905-17909
    • Rahmstorf, S.1    Coumou, D.2
  • 38
    • 84863304598 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • R Development Core Team, R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria
    • R Development Core Team. 2011. R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria.
    • (2011) R: A language and environment for statistical computing
  • 39
    • 77950301066 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Respiratory and cutaneous water loss of temperate-zone passerine birds
    • Ro J. and J.B. Williams. 2010. Respiratory and cutaneous water loss of temperate-zone passerine birds. Comp Biochem Physiol A 156:237-246.
    • (2010) Comp Biochem Physiol A , vol.156 , pp. 237-246
    • Ro, J.1    Williams, J.B.2
  • 40
    • 33746754161 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms for the control of respiratory evaporative heat loss in panting animals
    • Robertshaw D. 2006. Mechanisms for the control of respiratory evaporative heat loss in panting animals. J Appl Physiol 101: 664-668.
    • (2006) J Appl Physiol , vol.101 , pp. 664-668
    • Robertshaw, D.1
  • 41
    • 0004162683 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 5th ed. Cambridge University Press, New York
    • Schmidt-Nielsen K. 1997. Animal physiology. 5th ed. Cambridge University Press, New York.
    • (1997) Animal physiology
    • Schmidt-Nielsen, K.1
  • 42
    • 77953100565 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An adaptability limit to climate change due to heat stress
    • Sherwood S.C. and M. Huber. 2010. An adaptability limit to climate change due to heat stress. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 107:9552-9555.
    • (2010) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.107 , pp. 9552-9555
    • Sherwood, S.C.1    Huber, M.2
  • 43
    • 84878058374 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adaptive thermoregulation during summer in two populations of an arid-zone passerine
    • Smit B., C.T. Harding, P.A.R. Hockey, and A.E. McKechnie. 2013. Adaptive thermoregulation during summer in two populations of an arid-zone passerine. Ecology 94:1142-1154.
    • (2013) Ecology , vol.94 , pp. 1142-1154
    • Smit, B.1    Harding, C.T.2    Hockey, P.A.R.3    McKechnie, A.E.4
  • 44
    • 84881252452 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Computational fluid dynamics model of avian tracheal temperature control as a model for extant and extinct animals
    • Sverdlova N.S., F. Arkali, U. Witzel, and S.F. Perry. 2013. Computational fluid dynamics model of avian tracheal temperature control as a model for extant and extinct animals. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 189:67-75.
    • (2013) Respir Physiol Neurobiol , vol.189 , pp. 67-75
    • Sverdlova, N.S.1    Arkali, F.2    Witzel, U.3    Perry, S.F.4
  • 45
    • 67749124618 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heat exchange from the toucan bill reveals a controllable vascular thermal radiator
    • Tattersall G.J., D.V. Andrade, and A.S. Abe. 2009. Heat exchange from the toucan bill reveals a controllable vascular thermal radiator. Science 325:468-470.
    • (2009) Science , vol.325 , pp. 468-470
    • Tattersall, G.J.1    Andrade, D.V.2    Abe, A.S.3
  • 46
    • 0032828310 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of hyperthermia in the water economy of desert birds
    • Tieleman B.I. and J.B. Williams. 1999. The role of hyperthermia in the water economy of desert birds. Physiol Biochem Zool 72:87-100.
    • (1999) Physiol Biochem Zool , vol.72 , pp. 87-100
    • Tieleman, B.I.1    Williams, J.B.2
  • 47
    • 0036351453 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of food supplementation on behavioural decisions of hoopoe larks in the Arabian Desert: Balancing water, energy and thermoregulation
    • Tieleman B.I. and J.B. Williams. 2002. Effects of food supplementation on behavioural decisions of hoopoe larks in the Arabian Desert: Balancing water, energy and thermoregulation. Anim Behav 63:519529.
    • (2002) Anim Behav , vol.63
    • Tieleman, B.I.1    Williams, J.B.2
  • 48
    • 0033364452 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Theroleofthenasalpassagesinthewatereconomyofcrested larks and desert larks
    • Tieleman B.I., J.B. Williams, G. Michaeli, and B. Pinshow. 1999. Theroleofthenasalpassagesinthewatereconomyofcrested larks and desert larks. Physiol Biochem Zool 72:219-226.
    • (1999) Physiol Biochem Zool , vol.72 , pp. 219-226
    • Tieleman, B.I.1    Williams, J.B.2    Michaeli, G.3    Pinshow, B.4
  • 49
    • 0017013858 scopus 로고
    • Temperature regulation and heat dissipation during flight in birds
    • Torre-Bueno J.R. 1976. Temperature regulation and heat dissipation during flight in birds. J Exp Biol 65:471-482.
    • (1976) J Exp Biol , vol.65 , pp. 471-482
    • Torre-Bueno, J.R.1
  • 50
    • 0013012598 scopus 로고
    • Incubation in desert-nesting doves: Mechanisms for egg cooling
    • Walsberg G.E. and K.A. Voss-Roberts. 1983. Incubation in desert-nesting doves: mechanisms for egg cooling. Physiol Zool 56:88-93.
    • (1983) Physiol Zool , vol.56 , pp. 88-93
    • Walsberg, G.E.1    Voss-Roberts, K.A.2
  • 51
    • 0029139083 scopus 로고
    • Variation in the respiratory quotient of birds and implications for indirect calorimetry using measurements of carbon dioxide production
    • Walsberg G.E. and B.O. Wolf. 1995. Variation in the respiratory quotient of birds and implications for indirect calorimetry using measurements of carbon dioxide production. J Exp Biol 198:213-219.
    • (1995) J Exp Biol , vol.198 , pp. 213-219
    • Walsberg, G.E.1    Wolf, B.O.2
  • 52
    • 0030802442 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Energetics and thermoregulation by small passerines of the humid, lowland tropics
    • Weathers W.W. 1997. Energetics and thermoregulation by small passerines of the humid, lowland tropics. Auk 114: 341-353.
    • (1997) Auk , vol.114 , pp. 341-353
    • Weathers, W.W.1
  • 53
    • 0017290048 scopus 로고
    • Contribution of gular flutter to evaporative cooling in Japanese quail
    • Weathers W.W. and D.C. Schoenbaechler. 1976. Contribution of gular flutter to evaporative cooling in Japanese quail. J Appl Physiol 40:521-524.
    • (1976) J Appl Physiol , vol.40 , pp. 521-524
    • Weathers, W.W.1    Schoenbaechler, D.C.2
  • 54
    • 0001700437 scopus 로고
    • Ventilated capsule measurements of cutaneous evaporation in mourning doves
    • Webster M.D. and M.H. Bernstein. 1987. Ventilated capsule measurements of cutaneous evaporation in mourning doves. Condor 89:863-868.
    • (1987) Condor , vol.89 , pp. 863-868
    • Webster, M.D.1    Bernstein, M.H.2
  • 55
    • 0001849109 scopus 로고
    • Cutaneous resistance to water-vapor diffusion in pigeons and the role of the plumage
    • Webster M.D., G.S. Campbell, and J.R. King. 1985. Cutaneous resistance to water-vapor diffusion in pigeons and the role of the plumage. Physiol Zool 58:58-70.
    • (1985) Physiol Zool , vol.58 , pp. 58-70
    • Webster, M.D.1    Campbell, G.S.2    King, J.R.3
  • 56
    • 0023093734 scopus 로고
    • Temperature and humidity dynamics of cutaneous and respiratory evaporation in pigeons, Columba livia
    • Webster M.D. and J.R. King. 1987. Temperature and humidity dynamics of cutaneous and respiratory evaporation in pigeons, Columba livia. J Comp Physiol B 157:253-260.
    • (1987) J Comp Physiol B , vol.157 , pp. 253-260
    • Webster, M.D.1    King, J.R.2
  • 58
    • 0001183588 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A phylogenetic perspective of evaporative water loss in birds
    • Williams J.B. 1996. A phylogenetic perspective of evaporative water loss in birds. Auk 113:457-472.
    • (1996) Auk , vol.113 , pp. 457-472
    • Williams, J.B.1
  • 59
    • 18744396970 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physiological adaptation in desert birds
    • Williams J.B. and B.I. Tieleman. 2005. Physiological adaptation in desert birds. BioScience 55:416-425.
    • (2005) BioScience , vol.55 , pp. 416-425
    • Williams, J.B.1    Tieleman, B.I.2
  • 60
    • 0030059475 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Respiratory and cutaneous evaporative water loss at high environmental temperatures in a small bird
    • Wolf B.O. and G.E. Walsberg. 1996. Respiratory and cutaneous evaporative water loss at high environmental temperatures in a small bird. J Exp Biol 199:451-457.
    • (1996) J Exp Biol , vol.199 , pp. 451-457
    • Wolf, B.O.1    Walsberg, G.E.2
  • 61
    • 0029839701 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The use of thermal refugia by two small desert birds
    • Wolf B.O., K.M. Wooden, and G.E. Walsberg. 1996. The use of thermal refugia by two small desert birds. Condor 98:424-428.
    • (1996) Condor , vol.98 , pp. 424-428
    • Wolf, B.O.1    Wooden, K.M.2    Walsberg, G.E.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.