Visual mental imagery: More than "seeing with the mind's eye"

The Visual World in Memory

Volumn , Issue , 2008, Pages 215-249

  Ganis, Giorgio ^a   Thompson, William L ^b   Kosslyn, Stephen M ^b  

^a HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United States)

^b HARVARD UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84918914346     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.4324/9780203889770     Document Type: Chapter

References (100)

1. Anderson, J. R. (1978). Arguments concerning representations for mental imagery. Psychological Review, 85, 249-277.
2. Barbay, S., Plautz, E. J., Friel, K. M., Frost, S. B., Dancause, N., Stowe, A. M., et al. (2006). Behavioral and neurophysiological effects of delayed training following a small ischemic infarct in primary motor cortex of squirrel monkeys. Experimental Brain Research, 169, 106-116.
3. Barone, P., Batardiere, A., Knoblauch, K., & Kennedy, H. (2000). Laminar distribution of neurons in extrastriate areas projecting to visual areas V1 and V4 correlates with the hierarchical rank and indicates the operation of a distance rule. Journal of Neuroscience, 20, 3263-3281.
4. Bartolomeo, P. (2002). The relationship between visual perception and visual men tal imagery: A reappraisal of the neuropsychological evidence. Cortex, 38, 357-378.
5. Bartolomeo, P., Bachoud-Levi, A. C., De Gelder, B., Denes, G., Dalla Barba, G., Brugieres, P., et al. (1998). Multiple-domain dissociation between impaired visual perception and preserved mental imagery in a patient with bilateral extrastriate lesions. Neuropsychologia, 36, 239-249.
6. Behrmann, M., Moscovitch, M., & Winocur, G. (1994). Intact visual imagery and impaired visual perception in a patient with visual agnosia. Journal of Experimental Psychology:Human Perception and Performance, 20, 1068-1087.
7. Blajenkova, O., Kozhevnikov, M., & Motes, M. A. (2006). Object and spatial imagery:Distinctions between members of different professions. Cognitive Processing, 7(Suppl. 1), 20-21.
8. Budd, J. M. (1998). Extrastriate feedback to primary visual cortex in primates: A quantitative analysis of connectivity. Proceedings. Biological Sciences, 265, 1037-1044.
9. Butler, A. J., & Page, S. J. (2006). Mental practice with motor imagery: Evidence for motor recovery and cortical reorganization after stroke. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 87(Suppl. 2), S2-S11.
10. Butter, C. M., Kosslyn, S. M., Mijovic-Prelec, D., & Riffle, A. (1997). Field-specific defi- cits in visual imagery following hemianopia due to unilateral occipital infarcts. Brain and Cognition, 120, 217-228.
11. Chatterjee, A., & Southwood, M. H. (1995). Cortical blindness and visual imagery. Neurology, 45, 2189-2195.
12. Chiang, T. C., Walsh, V., & Lavidor, M. (2004). The cortical representation of foveal stimuli: Evidence from quadrantanopia and TMS-induced suppression. Brain Research. Cognitive Brain Research, 21, 309-316.
13. Cohen, M. S., Kosslyn, S. M., Breiter, H. C., DiGirolamo, G., Thompson, W. L., Anderson, A. K., et al. (1996). Changes in cortical activity during mental rotation: A mapping study using functional MRI. Brain, 119, 89-100.
14. Dancause, N., Barbay, S., Frost, S. B., Plautz, E. J., Chen, D., Zoubina, E. V., et al. (2005). Extensive cortical rewiring after brain injury. Journal of Neuroscience, 25, 10167-10179.
15. Denis, M. (1985). Visual imagery and the use of mental practice in the development of motor skills. Canadian Journal of Applied Sport Sciences, 10, 4S-16S.
16. Desimone, R., & Ungerleider, L. G. (1989). Neural mechanisms of visual processing in monkeys. In F. Boller & J. Grafman (Eds.), Handbook of neuropsychology (pp. 267-299). Amsterdam: Elsevier.
17. Downing, P. E., Chan, A. W., Peelen, M. V., Dodds, C. M., & Kanwisher, N. (2006). Domain specificity in visual cortex. Cerebral Cortex, 16, 1453-1461.
18. Driskell, J. E., Copper, C., & Moran, A. (1994). Does mental practice enhance performance? Journal of Applied Psychology, 79, 481-492.
19. Farah, M. J. (1984). The neurological basis of mental imagery: A componential analysis. Cognition, 18, 245-272.
20. Farah, M. J., Soso, M. J., & Dasheiff, R. M. (1992). Visual angle of the mind's eye before and after unilateral occipital lobectomy. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 18, 241-246.
21. Felleman, D. J., & Van Essen, D. C. (1991). Distributed hierarchical processing in the primate cerebral cortex. Cerebral Cortex, 1, 1-47.
22. Feltz, D., & Landers, D. (1983). The effects of mental practice on motor skill learning and performance: An article. Journal of Sports Psychology, 5, 25-57.
23. Finke, R. A., Pinker, S., & Farah, M. J. (1989). Reinterpreting visual patterns in mental imagery. Cognitive Science, 13, 62-78.
24. Fox, P. T., Mintun, M. A., Raichle, M. E., Miezin, F. M., Allman, J. M., & Van Essen, D. C. (1986). Mapping human visual cortex with positron emission tomography. Nature, 323, 806-809.
25. Fujita, I., Tanaka, K., Ito, M., & Cheng, K. (1992). Columns for visual features of objects in monkey inferotemporal cortex. Nature, 360, 343-346.
26. Ganis, G., Keenan, J. P., Kosslyn, S. M., & Pascual-Leone, A. (2000). Transcranial magnetic stimulation of primary motor cortex affects mental rotation. Cerebral Cortex, 10, 175-180.
27. Ganis, G., Thompson, W. L., & Kosslyn, S. M. (2004). Brain areas underlying visual mental imagery and visual perception: An fMRI study. Brain Research. Cognitive Brain Research, 20, 226-241.
28. Ganis, G., Thompson, W. L., & Kosslyn, S. M. (2005). Understanding the effects of taskspecific practice in the brain: Insights from individual-differences analyses. Cognitive, Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience, 5, 235-245.
29. Ganis, G., Thompson, W. L., Mast, F. W., & Kosslyn, S. M. (2003). Visual imagery in cerebral visual dysfunction. Neurologic Clinics, 21), 631-646.
30. Georgopoulos, A. P., Lurito, J. T., Petrides, M., Schwartz, A. B., & Massey, J. T. (1989). Mental rotation of the neuronal population vector. Science, 243, 234-236.
31. Goldenberg, G. (1993). The neural basis of mental imagery. Baillières Clinical Neurology, 2, 265-286.
32. Goldenberg, G., Müllbacher, W., & Nowak, A. (1995). Imagery without perception-a case study of anosognosia for cortical blindness. Neuropsychologia, 33, 1373-1382.
33. Goodale, M. A., Westwood, D. A., & Milner, A. D. (2004). Two distinct modes of control for object-directed action. Progress in Brain Research, 144, 131-144.
34. Hasson, U., Harel, M., Levy, I., & Malach, R. (2003). Large-scale mirror-symmetry organization of human occipito-temporal object areas. Neuron, 37, 1027-1041.
35. Haxby, J. V., Gobbini, M. I., Furey, M. L., Ishai, A., Schouten, J. L., & Pietrini, P. (2001). Distributed and overlapping representations of faces and objects in ventral temporal cortex. Science, 293, 2425-2430.
36. Haxby, J. V., Grady, C. L., Horwitz, B., Ungerleider, L. G., Mishkin, M., Carson, R. E., et al. (1991). Dissociation of object and spatial visual processing pathways in human extrastriate cortex. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, U.S.A., 88, 1621-1625.
37. Heeger, D. J. (1999). Linking visual perception with human brain activity. Current Opinion in Neurobiology, 9, 474-479.
38. Humphrey, G. (1951). Thinking: An introduction to its experimental psychology. London:Methuen.
39. Ishai, A., Haxby, J. V., & Ungerleider, L. G. (2002). Visual imagery of famous faces:Effects of memory and attention revealed by fMRI. NeuroImage, 17, 1729-1741.
40. Ishai, A., Ungerleider, L. G., & Haxby, J. V. (2000). Distributed neural systems for the generation of visual images. Neuron, 28, 979-990.
41. James, K. H., & Gauthier, I. (2006). Letter processing automatically recruits a sensorymotor brain network. Neuropsychologia, 44, 2937-2949.
42. Kammer, T., Puls, K., Erb, M., & Grodd, W. (2005a). Transcranial magnetic stimulation in the visual system. II. Characterization of induced phosphenes and scotomas. Experimental Brain Research, 160, 129-140.
43. Kammer, T., Puls, K., Strasburger, H., Hill, N. J., & Wichmann, F. A. (2005b). Transcra nial magnetic stimulation in the visual system. I. The psychophysics of visual suppression. Experimental Brain Research, 160, 118-128.
44. Kanwisher, N., & Yovel, G. (2006). The fusiform face area: A cortical region specialized for the perception of faces. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society London. Series B, Biological Sciences, 361, 2109-2128.
45. Kessel, K. S. (1972). Imagery: A dimension of mind rediscovered. British Journal of Psychology, 63, 149-162.
46. Klein, I., Dubois, J., Mangin, J. F., Kherif, F., Flandin, G., Poline, J. B., et al. (2004). Retinotopic organization of visual mental images as revealed by functional magnetic resonance imaging. Brain Research. Cognitive Brain Research, 22, 26-31.
47. Kosslyn, S. M. (1980). Image and mind. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
48. Kosslyn, S. M. (1994). Image and brain. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
49. Kosslyn, S. M., Alpert, N. M., Thompson, W. L., Maljkovic, V., Weise, S. B., Chabris, et al. (1993). Visual mental imagery activates topographically organized visual cortex:PET investigations. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 5, 263-287.
50. Kosslyn, S. M., DiGirolamo, G., Thompson, W. L., & Alpert, N. M. (1998). Mental rotation of objects versus hands: Neural mechanisms revealed by positron emission tomography. Psychophysiology, 35, 151-161.
51. Kosslyn, S. M., Ganis, G., & Thompson, W. L. (2001). Neural foundations of imagery. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 2, 635-642.
52. Kosslyn, S. M., Pascual-Leone, A., Felician, O., Camposano, S., Keenan, J. P., Thompson, W. L., et al. (1999). The role of Area 17 in visual imagery: Convergent evidence from PET and rTMS. Science, 284, 167-170.
53. Kosslyn, S. M., & Thompson, W. L. (2003). When is early visual cortex activated during visual mental imagery? Psychological Bulletin, 129, 723-746.
54. Kosslyn, S. M., Thompson, W. L., & Ganis, G. (2006). The case for mental imagery. New York: Oxford University Press.
55. Kosslyn, S. M., Thompson, W. L., Kim, I. J., & Alpert, N. M. (1995). Topographical representations of mental images in primary visual cortex. Nature, 378, 496-498.
56. Kosslyn, S. M., Thompson, W. L., Kim, I. J., Rauch, S. L., & Alpert, N. M. (1996). Individual differences in cerebral blood flow in Area 17 predict the time to evaluate visualized letters. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 8, 78-82.
57. Kosslyn, S. M., Thompson, W. L., Wraga, M., & Alpert, N. M. (2001). Imagining rotation by endogenous versus exogenous forces: Distinct neural mechanisms. NeuroReport, 12, 2519-2525.
58. Kreiman, G., Koch, C., & Fried, I. (2000). Imagery neurons in the human brain. Nature, 408, 357-361.
59. Larson, C., & Sullivan, J. (1965). Watson's relation to Titchener. Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences, 1, 338-354.
60. Levy, I., Hasson, U., Harel, M., & Malach, R. (2004). Functional analysis of the periphery effect in human building related areas. Human Brain Mapping, 22, 15-26.
61. MacIntyre, T., Moran, A., & Jennings, D. J. (2002). Are mental imagery abilities related to canoe-slalom performance? Perceptual and Motor Skills, 94, 1245-1250.
62. Malouin, F., Belleville, S., Richards, C. L., Desrosiers, J., & Doyon, J. (2004). Working memory and mental practice outcomes after stroke. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 85, 177-183.
63. McMahon, C. E. (1973). Images as motives and motivators: A historical perspective. American Journal of Psychology, 86, 465-490.
64. Mechelli, A., Price, C. J., Friston, K. J., & Ishai, A. (2004). Where bottom-up meets top-down: Neuronal interactions during perception and imagery. Cerebral Cortex, 14, 1256-1265.
65. Mishkin, M., Ungerleider, L. G., & Macko, K. A. (1983). Object vision and spatial vision:Two cortical pathways. Trends in Neurosciences, 6, 414-417.
66. Miyashita, Y., & Chang, H. S. (1988). Neuronal correlate of pictorial short-term memory in the primate temporal cortex. Nature, 331, 68-70.
67. Morganti, F., Gaggioli, A., Castelnuovo, G., Bulla, D., Vettorello, M., & Riva, G. (2003). The use of technology-supported mental imagery in neurological rehabilitation: A research protocol. Cyberpsychology & Behavior, 6, 421-427.
68. Muellbacher, W., Ziemann, U., Boroojerdi, B., & Hallett, M. (2000). Effects of low-frequency transcranial magnetic stimulation on motor excitability and basic motor behavior. Clinical Neurophysiology, 111, 1002-1007.
69. O'Craven, K. M., & Kanwisher, N. (2000). Mental imagery of faces and places activates corresponding stimulus-specific brain regions. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 12, 1013-1023.
70. Page, S. J., Levine, P., Sisto, S. A., & Johnston, M. V. (2001). Mental practice combined with physical practice for upper-limb motor deficit in subacute stroke. Physical Therapy, 81, 1455-1462.
71. Paivio, A. (1971). Imagery and verbal processes. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston.
72. Pylyshyn, Z. W. (1973) What the mind's eye tells the mind's brain: A critique of mental imagery. Psychological Bulletin, 80, 1-24.
73. Pylyshyn, Z. W. (2002). Mental imagery: In search of a theory. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 25, 157-238.
74. Rensink, R. A. (2002). Change detection. Annual Review of Psychology, 53, 245-277.
75. Rockland, K. S., & Pandya, D. N. (1979). Laminar origins and terminations of cortical connections of the occipital lobe in the rhesus monkey. Brain Research, 179, 3-20.
76. Salin, P. A., & Bullier, J. (1995). Corticocortical connections in the visual system: Structure and function. Physiological Reviews, 75, 107-154.
77. Sartori, G., & Job, R. (1988). The oyster with four legs: A neuropsychological study on the interaction of visual and semantic information. Cognitive Neuropsychology, 5, 105-132.
78. Sereno, M. I., Dale, A. M., Reppas, J. B., Kwong, K. K., Belliveau, J. W., Brady, T. J., et al. (1995). Borders of multiple visual areas in humans revealed by functional magnetic resonance imaging. Science, 268, 889-893.
79. Sereno, M. I., Pitzalis, S., & Martinez, A. (2001). Mapping of contralateral space in retinotopic coordinates by a parietal cortical area in humans. Science, 294, 1350-1354.
80. Sereno, M. I., & Tootell, R. B. H. (2005). From monkeys to humans: What do we now know about brain homologies? Current Opinion in Neurobiology, 15, 135-144.
81. Servos, P., & Goodale, M. A. (1995). Preserved visual imagery in visual form agnosia. Neuropsychologia, 33, 1383-1394.
82. Shepard, R. N., & Cooper, L. A. (1982). Mental images and their transformations. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
83. Shepard, R. N., & Metzler, J. (1971). Mental rotation of three-dimensional objects. Science, 171, 701-703.
84. Shuttleworth, E. C., Jr., Syring, V., & Allen, N. (1982). Further observations on the nature of prosopagnosia. Brain and Cognition, 1, 307-322.
85. Siebner, H. R., Peller, M., Willoch, F., Minoshima, S., Boecker, H., Auer, C., et al. (2000). Lasting cortical activation after repetitive TMS of the motor cortex: A glucose metabolic study. Neurology, 54, 956-963.
86. Slotnick, S. D., Thompson, W. L., & Kosslyn, S. M. (2005). Visual mental imagery induces retinotopically organized activation of early visual areas. Cerebral Cortex, 15, 1570-1583.
87. Tanaka, K. (1996). Inferotemporal cortex and object vision. Annual Review of Neuroscience, 19, 109-139.
88. Tanaka, K., Saito, H., Fukada, Y., & Moriya, M. (1991). Coding visual images of objects in the inferotemporal cortex of the macaque monkey. Journal of Neurophysiology, 66, 170-189.
89. Thirion, B., Duchesnay, E., Hubbard, E., Dubois, J., Poline, J. B., Le Bihan, D., et al. (2006). Inverse retinotopy: Inferring the visual content of images from brain activation patterns. NeuroImage, 33, 1104-1116.
90. Tomasino, B., Borroni, P., Isaja, A., & Rumiati, R. I. (2005). The role of the primary motor cortex in mental rotation: A TMS study. Cognitive Neuropsychology, 22, 348-363.
91. Tootell, R. B. H., Hadjikani, N. K., Mendola, J. D., Marrett, S., & Dale, A. M. (1998a). From retinotopy to recognition: fMRI in human visual cortex. Trends in Cognitive Science, 2, 174-183.
92. Tootell, R. B. H., Hadjikhani, N. K., Vanduffel, W., Liu, A. K., Mendola, J. D., Sereno, M. I., et al. (1998b). Functional analysis of primary visual cortex (V1) in humans. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, U.S.A., 95, 811-817.
93. Ungerleider, L. G., & Mishkin, M. (1982). Two cortical visual systems. In D. J. Ingle, M. A. Goodale, & R. J. W. Mansfield (Eds.), Analysis of visual behavior (pp. 549-586). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
94. Van Essen, D. C., Lewis, J. W., Drury, H. A., Hadjikhani, N., Tootell, R. B., Bakircioglu, M., et al. (2001). Mapping visual cortex in monkeys and humans using surface-based atlases. Vision Research, 41, 1359-1378.
95. Wandell, B. A. (1999). Computational neuroimaging of human visual cortex. Annual Review of Neuroscience, 22, 145-173.
96. Watson, J. (1913). Psychology as the behaviorist views it. Psychological Review, 20, 158-177.
97. Wraga, M., Shephard, J. M., Church, J. A., Inati, S., & Kosslyn, S. M. (2005). Imagined rotations of self versus objects: An fMRI study. Neuropsychologia, 43, 1351-1361.
98. Wraga, M., Thompson, W. L., Alpert, N. M., & Kosslyn, S. M. (2003). Implicit transfer of motor strategies in mental rotation. Brain and Cognition, 52, 135-143.
99. Wright, R., Thompson, W. L., Ganis, G., Newcombe, N. S., & Kosslyn, S. M. (2008). Training generalized spatial skills. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 15, 763-771.
100. Young, A. W., Humphreys, G. W., Riddoch, M. J., Hellawell, D. J., & de Haan, E. H. (1994). Recognition impairments and face imagery. Neuropsychologia, 32, 693-702.