Northern Hemisphere mid-winter vortex-displacement and vortex-split stratospheric sudden warmings: Influence of the Madden-Julian Oscillation and Quasi-Biennial Oscillation

Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres

Volumn 119, Issue 22, 2014, Pages 12,599-12,620

  Liu, Chuanxi ^a,b,c   Tian, Baijun ^a   Li, King Fai ^d,e   Manney, Gloria L ^f,g   Livesey, Nathaniel J ^a   Yung, Yuk L ^h   Waliser, Duane E ^a  

^a CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (United States)

^b Los Angeles   (United States)

^c INSTITUTE OF ATMOSPHERIC PHYSICS   (China)

^d UNIVERSITY CORPORATION FOR ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH   (United States)

^e UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON   (United States)

^f NORTHWEST RESEARCH ASSOCIATES   (United States)

^g NEW MEXICO INSTITUTE OF MINING AND TECHNOLOGY   (United States)

^h CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (United States)

Author keywords

Madden Julian oscillation; planetary wave; polar vortex; quasi biennial oscillation; stratospheric sudden warming; teleconnection

Indexed keywords

AIR-SEA INTERACTION; CLIMATE CHANGE; JET FLOW; MADDEN-JULIAN OSCILLATION; NORTHERN HEMISPHERE; QUASI-BIENNIAL OSCILLATION; STRATOSPHERE; VORTEX FLOW; WAVE PROPAGATION;

ARCTIC OCEAN;

EID: 84918559420     PISSN: 2169897X     EISSN: 21698996     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/2014JD021876     Document Type: Article

References (75)

1. Andrews, D. G., J. R. Holton, and, C. B. Leovy, (1987), Middle Atmosphere Dynamics, 489 pp., Academic Press, San Diego, Calif.
2. Baldwin, M. P., and, T. J. Dunkerton, (2001), Stratospheric harbingers of anomalous weather regimes, Science, 294, 581-584.
3. Baldwin, M. P., et al. (2001), The quasi-biennial oscillation, Rev. Geophys., 39, 179-229, doi: 10.1029/1999RG000073.
4. Bell, C. J., L. J. Gray, A. J. Charlton-Perez, M. M. Joshi, and, A. A. Scaife, (2009), Stratospheric communication of El Niño teleconnections to European winter, J. Clim., 22, 4083-4096.
5. Butler, A. H., and, L. M. Polvani, (2011), El Niño, La Niña, and stratospheric sudden warmings: A reevaluation in light of the observational record, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L13807, doi: 10.1029/2011GL048084.
6. Camp, C. D., and, K. K. Tung, (2007), The influence of the solar cycle and QBO on the late-winter stratospheric polar vortex, J. Atmos. Sci., 4, 1267-1283.
7. Cassou, C., (2008), Intraseasonal interaction between the Madden-Julian Oscillation and the North Atlantic Oscillation, Nature, 455, 523-527.
8. Castanheira, J. M., and, D. Barriopedro, (2010), Dynamical connection between tropospheric blockings and stratospheric polar vortex, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L13809, doi: 10.1029/2010GL043819.
9. Charlton, A. J., and, L. M. Polvani, (2007), A new look at stratospheric sudden warmings. Part I: Climatology and modeling benchmarks, J. Clim., 20, 449-469.
10. Cohen, J., and, J. Jones, (2011), Tropospheric precursors and stratospheric warmings, J. Clim., 24, 6562-6572.
11. García-Herrera, R., N. Calvo, R. R. Garcia, and, M. A. Giorgetta, (2006), Propagation of ENSO temperature signals into the middle atmosphere: A comparison of two general circulation models and ERA-40 reanalysis data, J. Geophys. Res., 111, D06101, doi: 10.1029/2005JD006061.
12. Garfinkel, C. I., and, D. L. Hartmann, (2011a), The influence of the quasi-biennial oscillation on the troposphere in winter in a hierarchy of models. Part I: Simplified dry GCMs, J. Atmos. Sci., 68, 1273-1289.
13. Garfinkel, C. I., and, D. L. Hartmann, (2011b), The influence of the quasi-biennial oscillation on the troposphere in winter in a hierarchy of models. Part II: Perpetual winter WACCM runs, J. Atmos. Sci., 68, 2026-2041.
14. Garfinkel, C. I., D. L. Hartmann, and, F. Sassi, (2010), Tropospheric precursors of anomalous Northern Hemisphere stratospheric polar vortices, J. Clim., 23, 3282-3299.
15. Garfinkel, C. I., A. H. Butler, D. W. Waugh, M. M. Hurwitz, and, L. M. Polvani, (2012a), Why might stratospheric sudden warmings occur with similar frequency in El Niño and La Niña winters?, J. Geophys. Res., 117, D19106, doi: 10.1029/2012JD017777.
16. Garfinkel, C. I., S. B. Feldstein, D. W. Waugh, C. Yoo, and, S. Lee, (2012b), Observed connection between stratospheric sudden warmings and the Madden-Julian Oscillation, Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L18807, doi: 10.1029/2012GL053144.
17. Garfinkel, C. I., T. A. Shaw, D. L. Hartmann, and, D. W. Waugh, (2012c), Does the Holton-Tan mechanism explain how the quasi-biennial oscillation modulates the arctic polar vortex?, J. Atmos. Sci., 69, 1713-1733.
18. Gill, A. E., (1980), Some simple solutions for heat-induced tropical circulation, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 106, 447-462.
19. Gruber, A., and, A. F. Krueger, (1984), The status of the NOAA outgoing longwave radiation data set, Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 65, 958-962.
20. Hamilton, K. P., (1993), An examination of observed Southern Oscillation effects in the Northern Hemisphere stratosphere, J. Atmos. Sci., 50 (20), 3468-3473.
21. Hendon, H. H., and, M. L. Salby, (1996), Planetary-scale circulations forced by intraseasonal variations of observed convection, J. Atmos. Sci., 53, 1751-1758.
22. Holton, J. R., and, J. Austin, (1991), The influence of the equatorial QBO on sudden stratospheric warmings, J. Atmos. Sci., 48, 607-618.
23. Holton, J. R., and, H.-C. Tan, (1980), The influence of the equatorial quasi-biennial oscillation on the global circulation at 50 mb, J. Atmos. Sci., 37, 2200-2208.
24. Holton, J. R., and, H.-C. Tan, (1982), The quasi-biennial oscillation in the Northern Hemisphere lower stratosphere, J. Meteorol. Soc. Jpn., 60, 140-148.
25. Hoskins, B. J., and, T. Ambrizzi, (1993), Rossby wave propagation on a realistic longitudinally varying flow, J. Atmos. Sci., 50, 1661-1671.
26. Hoskins, B. J., and, D. J. Karoly, (1981), The steady linear response of a spherical atmosphere to thermal and orographic forcing, J. Atmos. Sci., 38, 1179-1196.
27. Hsu, H. H., (1996), Global view of the intraseasonal oscillation during northern winter, J. Clim., 9, 2386-2406.
28. Kalnay, E., et al. (1996), The NCAR/NCEP 40-year reanalysis project, Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 77, 437-471.
29. Kiladis, G. N., K. H. Straub, G. C. Reid, and, K. S. Gage, (2001), Aspects of interannual and intraseasonal variability of the tropopause and lower stratosphere, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 127, 1961-1983.
30. Kiladis, G. N., J. Dias, K. H. Straub, M. C. Wheeler, S. N. Tulich, K. Kikuchi, K. M. Weickmann, and, M. J. Ventrice, (2014), A comparison of OLR and circulation-based indices for tracking the MJO, Mon. Weather Rev., 142, 1697-1715.
31. Labitzke, K., (1965), On the mutual relation between stratosphere and troposphere during periods of stratospheric warmings in winter, J. Appl. Meteorol., 4, 91-99.
32. Labitzke, K., (1987), Sunspots, the QBO, and the stratospheric temperature in the north polar region, Geophys. Res. Lett., 14, 535-537, doi: 10.1029/GL014i005p00535.
33. Labitzke, K., and, M. Kunze, (2009), On the remarkable Arctic winter in 2008/2009, J. Geophys. Res., 114, D00I02, doi: 10.1029/2009JD012273.
34. Labitzke, K., and, H. van Loon, (1988), Association between the 11-year solar cycle, the QBO and the atmosphere. Part I: The troposphere and stratosphere in the Northern Hemisphere in winter, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 50, 197-206.
35. Labitzke, K., M. Kunze, and, S. Brönnimann, (2006), Sunspots, the QBO, and the stratosphere in the north polar region-20 years later, Meteorol. Z., 15, 355-363.
36. Lau, W. K. M., and, D. E. Waliser, (Eds.) (2012), Intraseasonal Variability in the Atmosphere-Ocean Climate System, 2nd ed., 581 pp., Springer, Heidelberg, Germany.
37. Leovy, C. B., C. Sun, M. H. Hitchman, E. E. Remsberg, J. M. Russell, L. L. Gordley, J. C. Gille, and, L. V. Lyjak, (1985), Transport of ozone in the Middle stratosphere: Evidence for planetary wave breaking, J. Atmos. Sci., 42, 230-244.
38. L'Heureux, M. L., and, R. W. Higgins, (2008), Boreal winter links between the Madden-Julian Oscillation and the Arctic Oscillation, J. Clim., 21, 3040-3050.
39. Li, K.-F., and, K.-K. Tung, (2014), Quasi-biennial oscillation and solar cycle influences on winter Arctic total ozone, J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 119, 5823-5835, doi: 10.1002/2013JD021065.
40. Liebmann, B., and, C. A. Smith, (1996), Description of a complete (interpolated) outgoing longwave radiation dataset, Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 77, 1275-1277.
41. Lin, H., G. Brunet, and, J. Derome, (2009), An observed connection between the North Atlantic Oscillation and the Madden-Julian Oscillation, J. Clim., 22, 364-380.
42. Liu, Y., C. X. Liu, H. P. Wang, X. X. Tie, S. T. Gao, D. Kinnison, and, G. Brasseur, (2009), Atmospheric tracers during the 2003-2004 stratospheric warming event and impact of ozone intrusions in the troposphere, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 2157-2170.
43. Madden, R. A., and, P. R. Julian, (1972), Description of global-scale circulation cells in tropics with a 40-50 day period, J. Atmos. Sci., 29 (6), 1109-1123.
44. Manney, G. L., J. D. Farrara, and, C. R. Mechoso, (1994), Simulations of the February 1979 stratospheric sudden warming: Model comparisons and three-dimensional evolution, Mon. Weather Rev., 122, 1115-1140.
45. Manney, G. L., J. L. Sabutis, D. R. Allen, W. A. Lahoz, A. A. Scaife, C. E. Randall, S. Pawson, B. Naujokat, and, R. Swinbank, (2005), Simulations of dynamics and transport during the September 2002 Antarctic major warming, J. Atmos. Sci., 62, 690-707.
46. Manney, G. L., et al. (2009), Satellite observations and modeling of transport in the upper troposphere through the lower mesosphere during the 2006 major stratospheric sudden warming, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 4775-4795.
47. Manzini, E., M. A. Giorgetta, M. Esch, L. Kornblueh, and, E. Roeckner, (2006), The influence of sea surface temperatures on the northern winter stratosphere: Ensemble simulations with the MAECHAM5 model, J. Clim., 19, 3863-3881.
48. Martius, O., L. M. Polvani, and, H. C. Davies, (2009), Blocking precursors to stratospheric sudden warming events, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L14806, doi: 10.1029/2009GL038776.
49. Matsuno, T., (1966), Quasi-geostrophic motions in the equatorial area, J. Meteorol. Soc. Jpn., 44, 25-43.
50. Matthewman, N. J., J. G. Esler, A. J. Charlton-Perez, and, L. M. Polvani, (2009), A new look at stratospheric sudden warmings. Part III: Polar vortex evolution and vertical structure, J. Clim., 22, 1566-1585.
51. Matthews, A. J., B. J. Hoskins, and, M. Masutani, (2004), The global response to tropical heating in the Madden-Julian oscillation during the northern winter, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 130, 1991-2011.
52. McLandress, C., J. F. Scinocca, T. G. Shepherd, M. C. Reader, and, G. L. Manney, (2013), Dynamical control of the mesosphere by orographic and nonorographic gravity wave drag during the extended Northern winters of 2006 and 2009, J. Atmos. Sci., 70, 2152-2169.
53. Mitchell, D. M., L. J. Gray, J. Anstey, M. P. Baldwin, and, A. J. Charlton, (2013), The influence of stratospheric vortex displacements and splits on surface climate, J. Clim., 26, 2668-2682.
54. Mori, M., and, M. Watanabe, (2008), The growth and triggering mechanism of the PNA: A MJO-PNA coherence, J. Meteorol. Soc. Jpn., 86, 213-236.
55. Nishii, K., H. Nakamura, and, T. Miyasaka, (2009), Modulations in the planetary wave field induced by upward-propagating Rossby wave packets prior to stratospheric sudden warming events: A case study, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 135, 39-52.
56. O'Neill, A., (2003), Middle atmosphere: Stratospheric sudden warmings, in Encyclopedia of Atmospheric Sciences, edited by, J. R. Holton, J. A. Pyle, and, J. A. Curry, pp. 1342-1353, Academic, Amsterdam, London.
57. O'Neill, A., and, B. F. Taylor, (1979), A study of the major stratospheric warming of 1976/77, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 105, 71-92.
58. Quiroz, R. S., (1986), The association of stratospheric warmings with tropospheric blocking, J. Geophys. Res., 91, 5277-5285, doi: 10.1029/JD091iD04p05277.
59. Rui, H., and, B. Wang, (1990), Development characteristics and dynamic structure of tropical intraseasonal convection anomalies, J. Atmos. Sci., 47 (3), 357-379.
60. Sassi, F., D. Kinnison, B. A. Boville, R. R. Garcia, and, R. Roble, (2004), Effect of El Niño-Southern Oscillation on the dynamical, thermal, and chemical structure of the middle atmosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 109, D17108, doi: 10.1029/2003JD004434.
61. Seviour, W. J. M., D. M. Mitchell, and, L. J. Gray, (2013), A practical method to identify displaced and split stratospheric polar vortex events, Geophys. Res. Lett., 40, 5268-5273, doi: 10.1002/grl.50927.
62. Sigmond, M., J. F. Scinocca, V. V. Kharin, and, T. G. Shepherd, (2013), Enhanced seasonal forecast skill following stratospheric sudden warmings, Nat. Geosci., 6, 98-102.
63. Simmons, A. J., J. M. Wallace, and, G. W. Branstator, (1983), Barotropic wave propagation and instability, and atmospheric teleconnection patters, J. Atmos. Sci., 40, 1363-1392.
64. Straub, K. H., (2013), MJO initiation in the real-time multivariate MJO index, J. Clim., 26, 1130-1151.
65. Taguchi, M., and, D. L. Hartmann, (2006), Increased occurrence of stratospheric sudden warmings during El Niño as simulated by WACCM, J. Clim., 19, 324-332.
66. Takaya, K., and, H. Nakamura, (2001), A formulation of a phase-independent wave-activity flux for stationary and migratory quasigeostrophic eddies on a zonally varying basic flow, J. Atmos. Sci., 58, 608-627.
67. Tian, B., D. E. Waliser, R. A. Kahn, and, S. Wong, (2011), Modulation of Atlantic aerosols by the Madden-Julian Oscillation, J. Geophys. Res., 116, D15108, doi: 10.1029/2010JD015201.
68. van Loon, H., and, K. Labitzke, (1987), The Southern Oscillation. Part V: The anomalies in the lower stratosphere of the Northern Hemisphere in winter and a comparison with the Quasi-Biennial Oscillation, Mon. Weather Rev., 115, 357-369.
69. van Loon, H., C. S. Zerefos, and, C. C. Repapis, (1982), The Southern Oscillation in the stratosphere, Mon. Weather Rev., 110, 225-229.
70. Waliser, D. E., (2012), Predictability and forecasting, in Intraseasonal Variability in the Atmosphere-Ocean Climate System, 2nd ed., edited by, W. K. M. Lau, and, D. E. Waliser, pp. 433-476, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.
71. Weare, B. C., (2010), Extended Eliassen-Palm fluxes associated with the Madden-Julian oscillation in the stratosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 115, D24103, doi: 10.1029/2010JD014390.
72. Wheeler, M. C., and, H. H. Hendon, (2004), An all-season real-time multivariate MJO index: Development of an index for monitoring and prediction, Mon. Weather Rev., 132, 1917-1932.
73. Zhang, C., (2005), Madden-Julian Oscillation, Rev. Geophys., 43, RG2003, doi: 10.1029/2004RG000158.
74. Zhang, C., (2013), Madden-Julian Oscillation: Bridging weather and climate, Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 94, 1849-1870.
75. Zhou, S., and, A. J. Miller, (2005), The interaction of the Madden-Julian Oscillation and the Arctic Oscillation, J. Clim., 18, 143-159.