Constraints of law and policy on the management of western water

Water and climate: In the Western United States

Volumn 9780870817533, Issue , 2006, Pages 183-233

  Getches, David H ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO   (United States)

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[No Author keywords available]

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EID: 84917516598     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Chapter

References (236)

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4. Andrus v. Charlestone Stone Products Co., 436 U.S. 604, 614 (1978).
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6. California-Oregon Power Co., 295 U.S. at 155
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15. Californiav. Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, 495 U.S. 490 (1990).
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17. E.g., Riverside Irrigation Dist. v. Andrews, 758 F.2d 508 (10th Cir. 1985).
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47. Marc Reisner, Cadillac Desert 293-300 (1986)
48. Clean Water Act, 33 U.S.C. §§ 1251-1387
49. Clean Air Act, 42 U.S.C §§ 7401-7671q
50. Federal Land Policy and Management Act, 43 U,S,C. §§ 1701-1782 (1976)
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54. Richard D. Lamm and Michael McCarthy, The Angry West 188-189 (1982).
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58. Hoover Commission, Report on Water Resources and Power, H.R. Doc. No. 208, 84th Cong. (1955)
59. President's Advisory Committee on Water Resources Policy, H.R. Doc. No. 315, 84th Cong. (1956)
60. Senate Select Committee on National Water Resources (Kerr Committee), S. Rep. No, 29, 87th Cong. (1961)
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62. National Acadany of Sciences, Water and Choice in the Colorado Basin; An Example of Alternatives in Water Management (1968).
63. Report of the Long's Peak Working Group on National Water Policy, America's Waters: A New Era of Sustainability (December 1992)
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65. Water Science and Technology Board of the National Academy of Sciences, National Research Council, Water Transfers in the West: Efficiency, Equity, and the Environment (1992)
66. Marc Reisner and Sarah Bates, Overtappcd Oasis: Reform or Revolution for Western Water (1990).
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73. David H. Getches, Water Law in a Nutshell 101 (3rd ed., 1997).
74. Jerome C. Muys, Interstate Water Compacts: The Interstate Compact and Federal-Interstate Compact, National Water Commission, Legal Study No. 14 (1971).
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76. A. Dan Tarlock, Appropriation for Instream Flow Main-tenance: A Progress Report on "New" Public Western Water Rights, 1978 Utah L. Rev. 211 (1978).
77. Gregory J. Hobbs Jr., Ecological Integrity, New Western Myth: A Critique of the Long's Peak Report, 24 Envtl. L. 157 (1994)
78. Gregory J. Hobbs Jr., The Reluctant Marriage: The Next Generation (A Response to Quirles Wilkinson), 21 Envtl. L. 1087 (1991).
79. Kenneth J. Burke, Esq., Dr. Ronald G. Cummings, and Jerome C. Muys, Esq., Interstate Allocation and Management of Non tributary Groundwater: A Discussion Paper Prepared for the Western Governors' Association 129; United States Advisory Commission on Intergovernmental Relations, Coordinating Water Resources in the Federal System: The G round water-Surface Water Connection 27-49 (October 1991).
80. Public Utility District No. IV. Washington Department of Ecology, 511 U.S. 700 (1994).
81. California v. United States, supra note 6.
82. Bonnie G. Colby, Mark A. McGinnis, Ken A. Rait, and Richard W. Wahl, Transferring Water Rights in the Western States-A Comparison of Policies and Procedures, U. Colo. Nat. Resources L. Center Occasional Paper Series (February 1989).
83. American Bar Association, Natural Resources, Energy, and Environmental Law (University of Tulsa College of Law)
84. David Getches, Water Use Efficiency: The Value of Water in the West, 8 Pub. Land L. Rev. 1, 12 (1987)
85. A. Dan Tarlock, Appropriation for Instream Flow Maintenance: A Progress Report on "New" Public Western Water Rig/its, supra note 49
86. Steven J. Shupe, Waste in Western Water Law: A Blueprint jar Change, 61 Or. L. Rev. 483 (1982).
87. State of Washington v. Grimes, 852 P.2d 1044 (Wash. 1993)
88. Friendswood Dev. Co. v. Smith-Southwest Indus., Inc., 576 S.W.2d 75 (Tex. 1978)
89. Sima Club v. San Antonio, No. MO-96-CA-097, slip op. (W.D. Tex. August 23, 1996).
90. Todd H. Votteler, The Little Fish That Roared: The Endangered Species Act, State Groundwater Law, and Private Property Rights Collide Over the Texas Edwards Aquifer, 28 Envtl. L. 845 (1998).
91. Barshop v, Medina County Underground Water Conservation District, 925 S.W.2d 618 (Tex. 1997)
92. Sipriano v. Great Spring Waters of America, Inc., 1 S.W.3d 75 (Tex. 1999)
93. Tex. Water Code Ann. § 11.151 (West 1998).
94. David Gillilan and Thomas Brown, Instream Flow Protection: Seeking a Balance in Western Water Use (1997).
95. Inre Application A-16642, 463 N.W.2d 59 (Neb. 1990)
96. Natural Resources Law Center, University of Colorado, Instream Flow Protection in the West 331-356 (Lawrence J. MacDonnell et al., eds. 1989).
97. Mont. Code Ann. §§ 85-2-102, 85-2-402,85-2-404 (1989)
98. Mont. Code Ann. § 85-2-408 (1995)
99. Hubbard v. Washington Department of Ecology, 936 P.2d27 (Wash. Ct. App. 1997).
100. Idaho Code § 42-1501 to 424505 (1996).
101. Snake River Basin Adjudication, Judgment Granting Motions for Summary Judgment (Nez Perce Consolidated Subcase 03-10022) (11/10/99).
102. Carson-Truckee Water Conservancy Dist. v. Clark, 741 F.2d 257 (9th Cir. 1984),
103. General Adjudication of All Rights to Use Water in the Big Horn River System, 835 P.2d 273 (Wyo. 1992).
104. City of Thornton v. City of Fort Collins, 830 P.2d 915 (Colo. 1992)
105. Matter of the Application for Water Rights of the United States, District Court, Water Division No. 6, Colorado, Case No. W-85 (March 1, 1985)
106. Matter of the Amended Application of the United States for Reserved Water Rights in the Platte River, District Court, Water Division No. 1, Colorado, Case No. W-8439-76 (February 12, 1993).
107. U.S. v. City of Challis, 988 P.2d 1199 (Idaho 1999)
108. Douglas Grant, Public Interest Review in Water Allocation and Transfer in the West: Recognition of Public Values, 1987 Ariz. St. L. J. 681.
109. Norman K. Johnson and Charles T. DuMars, A Survey of the Evolution of Western Water Law in Response to Changing Economic and Public Interest Demands, 29 Nat. Resources J. 347 (1989).
110. Galante Vineyards v. Monterey Peninsula Water Management Dist, 71 Cal. Rptr, 2d 1 (6th Dist. Ct. App. 1997).
111. Bonham v. Morgan, 788 P.2d 497 (Utah 1989)
112. Hardy v. Higginson, 849 P.2d 946 (Idaho 1993).
113. Mont. Code Ann. § 85-2-402 (1999).
114. National Audubon Society v. Superior Court, 658 P.2d 709 (Cal. 1983).
115. California State Water Resources Control Board, Decision 1631 (September 28, 1994)
116. California Trout, Inc. v. Superior Court, 266 Cal. Rptr. 788 (3d Dist. Ct. App. 1990).
117. Richard J. Lazarus, Changing Conceptions of Property and Sovereignty in Natural Resources; Questioning the Public Trust Doctrine, 71 Iowa L. Rev. 631 (1986)
118. Charles F. Wilkinson, Symposium on the Public Trust and the Waters of the American West: Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow, 19 Envtl. L. 425 (1989)
119. Timothy J. Conway, National Audubon Society v. Superior Court: The Expanding Public Trust Doctrine, 14 Envtl. L. 617 (1984)
120. Michael C. Blumm and Thea Schwartz, Mono Lake and the Evolving Public Trust in Western Water, 37 Ariz. L. Rev. 701 (1995).
121. Kootenai Envtl. Alliance v. Panhandle Yacht Club, Inc., 671 P.2d 1085 (Idaho 1983).
122. Idaho Conservation League, Inc., v. State of Idaho, 911 P.2d 748 (Idaho 1995).
123. Wilderness Workshop, Inc. v. Colorado Water Conservation Board, 901 P.2d 1251 (Colo. 1995).
124. A. Dan Tarlock, Western Water Law, Global Warming, and Growth Limitations, 24 Loy. L. Rev. 979, 1010-1011 (1991).
125. Denverv. Sheriff, 96 P.2d 836 (Colo. 1939)
126. Janis E. Carpenter, Water for Growing Communities: Refining Tradition in the Pacific Northwest, 27 Envtl. L. 127, 128 (1997).
127. Thornton v. Bijou Irrigation Co., 926 P.2d 1 (Colo. 1996).
128. Drought planning was the subject of Mont. Code Ann, § 2-15-3308 (1991)
129. Tex. Water Code Ann. § 16.051 (a), §§ 11.1271, 11.1272,11.134 (West 1998)
130. Or. Rev. Stat. § 536.720 (1998)
131. Wash. Rev. Code Ann. § 43.83B.410 (West 1999).
132. Brad Knickerbocker, USA, What City Dwellers Really Want, Christian Science Monitor, February 16, 2000
133. Cal. Gov't Code § 65302 (West 1999).
134. Cal. Water Code §§ 10910-10914 (West 1999).
135. Stanislaus Natural Heritage Project v. County of Stanislaus, 55 Cal. Rptr. 625 (5th Dist. Ct. App. 1996).
136. Donald G. Hagman and Julian Conrad Juergcnsmcyer, Urban Planning and Land Development Control Law §§ 9.1 to 9.9 (2d ed. 1986)
137. Haw. Rev. Stat. §§ 205-1 to 205-18 (1998)
138. Or. Rev. Stat. §§ 197.005 to 197.860 (1998).
139. Richard O. Brooks, Toward Community Sustainability: Vermont's Act 250 (1997).
140. Or. Rev. Stat. § 540.510 (1989) (appropriations >50 cfs subject to legislative approval)
141. Kan. Stat. Ann. §§ 82a-1501 to 1506 (1989) (special procedures apply to transfers >2000 AF/year or > 35 miles).
142. Colo. Rev. Stat. §§ 37-92-305(4.5) and 103(10.4) (Cum. Supp. 1992) (revegetation required for changes out of agriculture).
143. Or. Rev. Stat. §§ 537.801, 537.803, 537.805, 537.809, 537-810, 537.830 (1989)
144. Nev. Rev. Stat. §§ 533.345, 533.530 (1995)
145. Tex. Water Code Ann. § 11.085 (West 1997) (impacts and alternatives must be assessed).
146. Alaska Stat. §46.15.035 (Michie 1992) (also fee for export)
147. Ariz. Rev. Stat. Ann. §§45-291 to 45-294 (West 1989)
148. Idaho Code § 42-401 (1990) (standards for exports generally similar to requirements for in-state appropriations)
149. Nev. Rev. Stat. § 533.520 (1991) (similar to Idaho statute)
150. Okla. Stat. Ann. tit. 82, § 1085.2(2) (West 1990) (legislative approval required)
151. Utah Code Ann. §§ 73-3a-101 to -109 (Supp. 1991) (exports enabled on conditions designed to protect state interests).
152. California: The Metropolitan Water District of Southern California Endorses Colorado River Water Transfer Agreement Between San Diego County Water Authority and Imperial Irrigation District, Western Water Law and Policy Reporter, Vol. 2, No. 8, 191 (June 1998).
153. Ariz. Rev. Stat. Ann. §45-2401, et seq. (1996).
154. Ariz. Rev. Stat. §§ 45-291-294 (permitting interstate transport of water).
155. Elizabeth Ann Rieke, The Bay-Delta Accord: A Stride Toward Sustainability, 67 U. Colo. L. Rev. 341 (1996)
156. A. Dan Tarlock, Federalism Without Preemption: A Case Study in Bioregionalism, 27 Pacific L. J. 1629 (1996).
157. Warren T. Coleman, Legal Barriers to the Restoration of Aquatic Systems and the Utilization of Adaptive Management, 23 Vt. L. Rev. 177, 187 (1998).
158. J. David Aiken, Balancing Endangered Species Protection and Irrigation Water Rights: The Platte River Cooperative Agreement, 3 Great Plains Nat. Resources J. 119, 144 (1999).
159. Truckee-Carson-Pyramid Lake Water Rights Settlement Act of 1990, Pub. L. No. 101-618, 104 Stat. 3289 (1990)
160. A. Dan Tarlock, The Creation of New Risk Sharing Water Entitlement Regimes: The Case of the Truckee-Carson Settlement, 25 Ecology L. Q. 674 (1999).
161. Robert Wigingron and Dale Pontius, Toward Range-Wide Integration of Recovery Implementation Program for the Endangered Fishes of the Colorado River in The Colorado River Workshop: Issues, Ideas, and Directions 63 (Grand Canyon Trust, February 1996).
162. Department of the Interior, Habitat Conservation Planning Handbook: November 1996
163. William E. Taylor and Mark Gerath, The Watershed Protection Approach: Is the Promise About to Be Realized? 11 Nat. Resources and Env't 16 (1996).
164. Douglas S. Kenney, Report to the Western Water Policy Review Advisory Commission, Water in the West: Challenge for the Next Century 12-16 (1998).
165. Natural Resources Law Center, University of Colorado, The Watershed Source Book: Watershed-Based Solutions to Natural Resource Problems (1996).
166. Or. Rev. Stat. § 541.384 (1998) (Watershed Management Act requiring Water Resources Department to cooperate with other state and federal agencies, local watershed councils, nonprofits, and citizens' groups to administer watershed management programs)
167. 1995 Or. Laws 404, § 4 (allocating funds from stare lottery revenue to Governor's Watershed Enhancement Board).
168. 1998 Wash. Laws ch. 247 (adding Wash. Rev. Code Ann. § 90.82.060 [1998]) (watershed planning act that provides for local governments, Indian tribes, and local citizens to prepare and adopt watershed plans through a consensus process).
169. L. MacDonnell, Managing Reclamation Facilities for Ecosystem Benefits, 67 U. Colo. L. Rev. 197, 200 (1996).
170. A New Era for Hydropower, American Rivers, Winter 1998 at 3.
171. John McPhee, Farewell to the Nineteenth Century, The New Yorker, September 27, 1999, 44.
172. Patrick Graham, Idea of Draining Lake Makes Waves (A Movement to Empty Lake Powell Is Gaining Ground, Albeit Slowly, Despite Harsh Effects), Portland Orego-nian, March 7, 1999, A-21
173. American Rivers, Friends of the Earth, Trout Unlimited, Dam Removal Success Stories: Restoring Rivers Through Selective Removal of Dams That Don't Make Sense .
174. Michael C. Blumm, Laird J. Lucas, Don B. Miller, Daniel J. Rohlf, and Glen H. Spain, Saving Snake River Water and Salmon Simultaneously: The Biological, Economic, and Legal Case for Breaching the Lower Snake River Dams, Lowering John Day Reservoir, and Restoring Natural River Flows, 28 Envtl. L. 997, 1004 (1998).
175. Brent Hunsberger, Kitzhaber Calls for Breaching Four Dams, Portland Oregonian (February 19, 2000), 1.
176. Scott K. Miller, Undamming Glen Canyon: Lunacy, Rationality, or Prophecy?, 19 Stan. Envtl. L J. 121 (2000).
177. Oversight Hearing on the Sierra Club's Proposal to Drain Lake Powell or Reduce Its Water Storage Capability; Hearings Before the Subcommittees on National Parks and Public Lands, and Water and Power Resources of the House of Representatives, 105th Cong. (1997)
178. Ed Marston, Sierra Club Moves to Fortify Its "Drain Lake Powell" Campaign, High Country News, October 15, 1997.
179. John E. Thorson, State Watershed Adjudications: Approaches and Alternatives, 42 Rocky Mtn. Min. L. Inst. 224, 22-39 (1996).
180. United States v. Oregon, 44 F.3d 758, 762 (1994)
181. Reed D. Benson, Maintaining the Status Quo: Protecting Established Water Uses in the Pacific Northwest, Despite the Rules of Prior Appropriation, 28 Envtl. L. 881, 902 (1998).
182. Idaho v. United States, 912 P.2d 614 (1995) (partially overturning Act of April 12, 1994, chs. 454-455, 1994 Idaho Sess. Laws 1443-91 [1994 Act], codified at Idaho Code §§ 42-1401 to 1428 [Supp. 1994]).
183. A. Lynn Krogh, Water Right Adjudications in the Western States: Procedures, Constitutionality, Problems and Solutions, 30 Land and Water L. Rev. 9, 39 (1995)
184. Robert E. Bakes, The Snake River Basin Adjudication: From the Beginning to the Present, 38 Feb. Advocate (Idaho) 10 (1995).
185. San Carlos Apache Tribe v. Superior Court, 972 P.2d 179 (Ariz. 1999) (constitutional and McCarran amendment challenges resulted in setting aside most attempted legislative alterations of general stream adjudication law, H,B. 2276).
186. Winters v. United States, 207 U.S. 564 (1908).
187. Colorado River Water Conservation Dist. v. United States, 424 U.S. 800 (1976)
188. Arizona v. San Carlos Apache Tribe, 463 U.S. 545 (1983).
189. United States v. Oregon, 44 F.3d 758 (9th Cir. 1994), cert, denied, 516 U.S. 943 (1995).
190. Arizona v. California, 373 U.S. 546 (1963).
191. Wyoming v. United States, 492 U.S. (1989).
192. Teno Roncalio, The Big Horns of a Dilemma, in Indian Water in the New West 209, 211 (Thomas R. McGuire et al., eds., 1993).
193. Susan D. Brienza, Wet Water v. Paper Rights: Indian and Non-Indian Negotiated Settlements and Their Effects, 11 Stan. Envtl. L. J. 151 (1992)
194. Joseph R. Membrino, A Federal Perspective, in Indian Water in the New West 57, 59 (Thomas R. McGuire et al., eds., 1993)
195. John E. Thorson, Proceedings of the Symposium on Settlement of Indian Water Rights Claims, 22 Envtl L. 1009 (1990).
196. Yavapai-Prescott Indian Water Rights Settlement Act of 1994, Pub. L. No. 130-434,108 Stat. 4526 (1994)
197. Central Utah Project Completion Act, Pub. L. No. 101-575, 106 Stat. 4611 (1992).
198. Mont. Code Ann. § 85-20-301 (1991)
199. Chippewa Cree Tribe of the Rocky Boy's Reservation Indian Reserved Water Rights Settlement and Water Supply Enhancement Act of 1999, P.L. 106-163, December 9, 1999, 113 Stat. 1778.
200. Barbara A. Cosens, The 1997 Water Rights Settlement Between the State of Montana and the Chippewa Cree Tribe of the Rocky Boy's Reservation: The Role of Community and of the Trustee, 16 UCLA J. Envtl. L. and Pol'y 255, 257 (1997-1998).
201. Jonathan Brinckman, Water Rights Pact Comes Peacefully, Portland Orcgonian, November 18, 1997, E07.
202. Endangered Species Act, 16 U.S.C. §§ 1531-1544 (1973).
203. Clean Water Act, 33 U.S.C. §§ 1251-1387.
204. Babbitt v. Sweet Home Chapter of Communities for a Great Oregon, 515 U.S. 687 (1995).
205. Lee P. Brcckenridge, Nonprofit Environmental Organizations and the Restructuring of Institutions for Ecosystem Management, 25 Ecology L. Q. 692, 697 (1999).
206. Frederico M. Cheever, An Introduction to the Prohibition Against Takings in Section 9 of the Endangered Species Act of 1973: Learning to Live With a Powerful Species Preservation Law, 62 U. Colo. L. Rev. 109, 169 (1991).
207. The Northwest Salmon Crisis: A Documentary History (Joseph Cone and Sandy Ridlington, eds., 1996).
208. Michael C. Blumm and Greg D. Corbin, Salmon and the Endangered Species Act: Lessons From the Columbia Basin, 74 Wash. L. Rev. 519 (1999).
209. James H. Bolin Jr., Of Razorbacks and Reservoirs: The Endangered Species Act's Protection of Endangered Colorado River Basin Fish, 11 Pace Envtl. L. Rev. 35 (1993).
210. Riverside Irrigation Dist. v. Andrews, 758 F.2d 508 (10th Cir. 1985)
211. Sierra Club v. Sigler, 695 F.2d957 (5th Cir. 1983).
212. Daniel F. Luecke, Two Forks: The Rise and Fall of a Dam, 14 Nat. Resources and Env't. 24 (1999).
213. Endangered Species Act, 16 U.S.C. § 1536(2).
214. National Environmental Policy Act, 42 U.S.C. § 4332(2)(c),
215. Riverside Irrigation District v. Andrews, supra note 183.
216. Or. Rev. Stat. § 541.345 (1997)
217. 1998 Wash. Laws ch. 247 (adding Wash. Rev. Code Ann. § 90.82.060 (1998)).
218. Natural Resources Law Center, University of Colorado School of Law, The State Rok in Western Watershed Initiatives 37-54 (Research Report RR-18, 1998).
219. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Watershed Framework Approach, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Water, EPA 840-S-96-001, June 1996.
220. Nancy Perkins Spyke, Public Participation in Environmental Decisionmaking at the New Millennium: Structuring New Spheres of Public Influence, 26 B.C. Envtl. Aff. L. Rev. 263 (1999).
221. Reed D. Benson, Whose Water Is It? Private Rights and Public Authority Over Reclamation Project Water, 16 Va. Envtl. L. J. 363 (1997).
222. Reed D. Benson, Recommendations for an Environmentally Sound Federal Policy on Western Water, 17 Stan. Envtl. L. J. 247 (1998).
223. Lawrence J. MacDonnell and Teresa A. Rice, Moving Agricultural Water to Cities: The Search for Smarter Approaches, 2 Hastings W.-N.W. J. Envtl. L. and Pol'y 27 (1994).
224. Sandra Postel, Pillar of Sand; Can the Irrigation Miracle Last? 77 (1999).
225. James Wilson, Groundwater: A Non-Technical Guide, Academy of Natural Sciences 48, 50 (1982).
226. John Firor, The Changing Atmosphere: A Global Challenge (1990)
227. Kenneth D. Frederick and Peter H. Gleick, Water and Global Climate Change: Potential Impacts on U.S. Water Resources (1999)
228. Nigel W. Arnell, Climate Change and Global Water Resources, 9 Global Envtl. Change S31 (1999)
229. William W. Kellogg, Human Impact on Climate: The Evolution of an Awareness, in Societal Responses to Regional Climatic Change: Forecasting by Analogy (Michael H. Glantz, ed., 1988)
230. William E. Riebsame, Adjusting Water Resource Management to Climate Change, 13 Climatic Change 69 (1988)
231. Ernest T. Smerdon, Impact of Ghbal Change on Water Resources, 9 Ariz. J. Int'l and Comp. L. 155 (1992).
232. Martin Parry, Cynthia Rosenzweig, Ana Iglesias, Günther Fischer, and Matthew Livermore, Ciimate Change and World Food Security: A New Assessment, 9 Global Envtl, Change S1 (1999)
233. The Science of Global Change: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 9 Ariz. J. Int'l and Comp. L. 9 (1992).
234. Richard W. Katz, Statistics of Climate Change: Implications for Scenario Development, in Societal Responses to Regional Climatic Change; Forecasting by Analogy (Michael H. Glantz, ed., 1988).
235. Brian E. Gray, The Market and the Community: Lessons From California's Drought Water Bank, 1 Hastings W.-N.W. J. Envtl. L. & Pol'y 17 (1994).
236. Larry Morandi, Rethinking Western Water Policy; Assessing the Limits of Legislation (1994)