Slipping away: Banana politics and fair trade in the Eastern Caribbean

Slipping Away: Banana Politics and Fair Trade in the Eastern Caribbean

Volumn 4, Issue , 2008, Pages 1-250

  Moberg, Mark ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH ALABAMA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84917463627     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Book

References (266)

1. Abu-Lughod, Janet. 1989. Before European Hegemony: The World System A.D. 1250-1350. New York: Oxford University Press.
2. Acheson, James M. 1989. "Management of Common Property Resources." In Economic Anthropology, ed. Stuart Plattner. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
3. Acosta, Yvonne, and Jean Casimir. 1985. "Social Origins of the Counter-Plantation System in St. Lucia." In Rural Development in the Caribbean, ed. P. I. Gomes. New York: St. Martin's.
4. Adrien, Peter. 1996. Metayage, Capitalism, and Peasant Development in St. Lucia, 1840-1957. Mona, Jamaica: Consortium Graduate School of the Social Sciences.
5. Ames, Barry. 1987. Political Survival: Politicians and Public Policy in Latin America. Berkeley:University of California Press.
6. Anderson, Rachel, Timothy Taylor, and Timothy Josling. 2003. "The Caribbean and the Banana Trade." In Banana Wars: The Anatomy of a Trade Dispute, ed. Timothy E. Josling and Timothy G. Taylor. Cambridge, MA: CABI Publishing.
7. AP (Associated Press). 2007. "Dow Pesticide Focus of Trial." Saginaw News (Saginaw, Michigan). 22 July. URL http://www.mlive.com/business/sanews/index.ssf?/base/business-2/1185099761180270.xml&coll=9 (14 August 2007).
8. Appadurai, Arjun. 1990. "Disjuncture and Difference in the Global Cultural Economy." Theory, Culture and Society 7 (2): 295-310.
9. Bailey, F. G. 1969. Strategems and Spoils: A Social Anthropology of Politics. Oxford: Blackwell.
10. Bailey, F. G. 1988. Humbuggery and Manipulation: The Art of Leadership. New York: Cornell University Press.
11. Barber, Benjamin. 1995. Jihad vs. McWorld: How Globalism and Tribalism are Reshaping the World. New York: Ballantine Books.
12. Barlett, Donald L. and James B. Steele. 2000. "How to Become a Top Banana." Time, 7 February, 155 (5): 42-47.
13. Barlett, Peggy F. 1987. "The Crisis in Family Farming: Who Will Survive?" In Farm Work and Fieldwork: Anthropological Studies of North American Agriculture, ed. Michael Chibnik. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
14. Barrow, Christine. 1992. Family Land and Development in St. Lucia. Cave Hill, Barbados: Institute for Social and Economic Research, University of the West Indies.
15. Barth, Frederik. 1959. Political Leadership among Swat Pathans. London: Athlone.
16. Barth, Frederik. 1966. Models of Social Organisation. London: Royal Anthropological Institute.
17. Basch, Linda, Nina Glick Schiller, and Cristina Szanton-Blanc. 1994. Nations Unbound: Transnational Projects, Postcolonial Predicaments, and Deterritorialized Nation-States. Amsterdam:Gordon and Breach.
18. Bauman, Zygmunt. 1998. Globalization: The Human Consequences. New York: Columbia University Press.
19. Beckles, Hilary. 1996. "Where Will All the Garbage Go? Tourism, Politics, and the Environment in Barbados." In Green Guerrillas: Environmental Conflicts and Initiatives in Latin America and the Caribbean, ed. Helen Collinson. London: Latin American Bureau.
20. Bernstein, Henry, and Terence J. Byres. 2001. "From Peasant Studies to Agrarian Change." Journal of Agrarian Change 1 (1): 1-56.
21. Bérubé, Nicolas and Benoit Aquin. 2005. "Chiquita's Children." In These Times, 10 May. URL:http://www.inthesetimes.com/article/2096/ (17 August 2007).
22. BGA (St. Lucia Banana Growers' Association). 1963. Tenth Annual Ordinary General Meeting. Castries: The Voice Publishing Company.
23. BGH Bulletin. 2000. "News of Lawsuit Exposing Media Cover-up of Suspected Dangers in Milk." BGH Bulletin. URL: http://www.foxbghsuit.com/ (28 August 2005).
24. Boissevain, Jeremy. 1968. "The Place of Non-Groups in the Social Sciences." Man: Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute 3 (4): 542-556.
25. Boissevain, Jeremy. 1974. Friends of Friends: Networks, Manipulators and Coalitions. Oxford: Blackwell.
26. Boissevain, Jeremy. 1977. "Of Men and Marbles: Notes toward a Reconsideration of Factionalism." In A House Divided? Anthropological Studies of Factionalism, ed. Marilyn Silverman and R. F. Salisbury. St. John's, Newfoundland: Memorial University of Newfoundland.
27. Bolland, O. Nigel. 1981. "Systems of Domination after Slavery: The Control of Land and Labor in the British West Indies after 1838." Comparative Studies in Society and History 23 (4): 591-619.
28. Bolland, O. Nigel. 1995. On the March: Labour Rebellions in the British Caribbean, 1934-1939. Kingston, Jamaica: Ian Randle.
29. Bourgois, Philippe. 1989. Ethnicity at Work: Divided Labor on a Central American Banana Plantation. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
30. Bourgois, Philippe. 1995. In Search of Respect: Selling Crack in El Barrio. New York: Cambridge University Press.
31. Bourgois, Philippe. 2003. "One Hundred Years of United Fruit Company Letters." In Banana Wars: Power, Production, and History in the Americas, ed. Steve Striffler and Mark Moberg. Durham: Duke University Press.
32. Breen, Henry H. 1844. St. Lucia: Historical, Statistical, and Descriptive. London: Longman, Brown, Green and Longmans.
33. Breen, T.H. 2004. The Marketplace of Revolution: How Consumer Politics Shaped American Independence. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
34. Bremer, Krista. 2006. "In God's Name: Muslim Scholar Ebrahim Moosa on Freedom, Fundamentalism, and the Spirit of Islam." The Sun 364 (April): 4-12.
35. Brennan, Teresa. 2003. Globalization and Its Terrors: Daily Life in the West. London: Routledge.
36. Breslin, Jimmy. 2001. "In Sweatshops, Plundered Lives." Newsday, 11 April, A2.
37. Browne, Katherine. 2005. Creole Economics: Caribbean Cunning under the French Flag. Austin:University of Texas Press.
38. Bruce, John W. 1983. Family Land Tenure and Agricultural Development in St. Lucia. Research paper no. 79. Madison, WI: Land Tenure Center.
39. Bruno, Kenny, and Joshua Karliner. 2002. Earthsummit.biz: The Corporate Takeover of Sustainable Development. Oakland: Food First Books.
40. Caldwell, Zarrin T., and Christopher Bacon. 2006. "Fair Trade's Future: Scaling Up without Selling Out?" URL: http://us.oneworld.net/article/view/123087/ (1 September, 2006).
41. Campbell, Dunstan, Gavin Olney, and Millan L.B. Mulraine. 2001. Windward Islands' Banana Farmers Livelihood Study. St. Michael, Barbados: DFID Caribbean.
42. Cancian, Frank. 1992. The Decline of Community in Zinacantan: Economy, Public Life, and Social Stratification. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
43. Cargill. 1995. Action Plan for the Restructuring of the Windward Islands Banana Industry: Draft Report. Surrey, UK: Cargill Technical Services Ltd.
44. Cargill. 1998. Socio-Economic Impact of Banana Restructuring in St. Lucia (DraftReport). Surrey, UK: Cargill Technical Services Ltd.
45. Charles, George F. 1994. The History of the Labour Movement in St. Lucia, 1945-1974: A Personal Memoir. Castries, St. Lucia: Folk Research Centre.
46. Chayanov, A.V. 1966. Theory of Peasant Economy, ed. D. Thorner, B. Kerblay, and R. E. F. Smith. Chicago: American Economics Association.
47. Clapp, Roger. 1994. "The Moral Economy of the Contract." In Living Under Contract: Contract Farming and Agrarian Transformation in Sub-Saharan Africa, ed. Peter D. Little and Michael J.Watts. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press.
48. Clarke, Edith. 1966. My Mother Who Fathered Me: A Study of the Family in Three Selected Communities in Jamaica. London: Allen and Unwin.
49. Clegg, Peter. 2002. The Caribbean Banana Trade: From Colonialism to Globalization. Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave Macmillan.
50. Cole, Joyce. 1994. "Socio-Political Problems of the Tenurial System in St. Lucia." In Land Tenure and Development in the Eastern Caribbean: A Symposium, ed. Frank W. Alleyne. Bridgetown, Barbados: Caribbean Research and Publications, Inc.
51. Collier, George. 1994. Basta! Land and the Zapatista Rebellion in Chiapas. Oakland: Food First Books.
52. Collins, Jane L. 2003. Threads: Gender, Labor, and Power in the Global Apparel Industry. Chicago:University of Chicago Press.
53. Compton, Jacques. 2004. "On the Question of Visas for Martinique." The Crusader (Castries, St. Lucia), 24 January, 41 (55): 7.
54. Compton, Sir John. 2003. "A Short History of the Banana Industry (Part I)." The Voice. (Castries, St. Lucia), 18 December, 115 (8990): 10.
55. Conway, D. 2002. "Tourism, Agriculture, and the Sustainability of Terrestrial Ecosystems in Small Islands." In Island Tourism and Sustainable Development, ed. Y. Apostopolous and D. Gayle. Westport, CT: Praeger.
56. Cook, Scott. 2004. Understanding Commodity Cultures: Explorations in Economic Anthropology with Case Studies from Mexico. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield.
57. Cornibert, Bernard. 1980. "Trends in Windward Islands Bananas." Unpublished ms. in Government Documentation Centre, Castries, St. Lucia.
58. Cowater International Inc. 2000. Poverty Reduction Fund Social Assessment Study Final Report. Castries, St. Lucia.
59. Creed, Gerald W. 2006. "Community as Modern Pastoral." In The Seductions of Community:Emancipations, Oppressions, Quandaries, ed. G. W. Creed. Santa Fe: School of American Research Press.
60. Crichlow, Michaeline. 1994. Land Use and Land Tenure Patterns in the Windward Islands. Port of Spain, Trinidad: Caribbean Network for Integrated Rural Development.
61. Da Breo, D. Sinclair. 1981. Of Men and Politics: The Agony of St. Lucia. Castries, St. Lucia: Commonwealth Publishers International.
62. Davies, Peter N. 1989. Fyffes and the Banana: A Centenary History, 1888-1988. London: Athlone.
63. Deere, Carmen Diana, and Alain De Janvry. 1981. "Demographic and Social Differentiation among Peruvian Peasants." Journal of Peasant Studies 8 (3): 335-367.
64. De Janvry, Alain. 1981. The Agrarian Question and Reformism in Latin America. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University.
65. De Janvry, Alain and Ann Vandeman. 1987. "Patterns of Proletarianization in Agriculture:An International Comparison." In Household Economies and Their Transformation, ed. Morgan Maclachlan. Lanham, MD: University Press of America.
66. Dole (Dole Food Company). 2006. "Dole Food Company Inc. Announces Settlement of 16 Lawsuits of Banana Workers Claiming Injuries as a Result of Exposure to DBCP." Press Release. 8 December. URL: http://www.dole.com/CompanyInfo/PressRelease/PressReleaseDetail.jsp?ID=1059 (14 August 2007).
67. Domhoff, G. William. 1983. Who Rules America Now? New York: Simon and Schuster.
68. Dowie, Mark. 1995. Losing Ground: American Environmentalism at the Close of the 20th Century. Cambridge: MIT Press.
69. Downie, Andrew. 2007. "Fair Trade in Bloom." New York Times, 2 October, C1-5.
70. Dubble. 2006. URL: http://www.dubble.co.uk/fairtrade/ (24 October 2006).
71. Dubois, Laurent. 2004. A Colony of Citizens: Revolution and Slave Emancipation in the French Caribbean, 1787-1804. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.
72. Durrenberger, E. Paul, ed. 1984. Chayanov, Peasants, and Economic Anthropology. New York:Academic.
73. The Economist. 2006. "Good food?" 381 (8507): 12.
74. Edelman, Marc. 1999. Peasants against Globalization: Rural Social Movements in Costa Rica. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
75. Edelman, Marc. 2001. "Social Movements: Changing Paradigms and Forms of Politics." Annual Review of Anthropology 30: 285-317.
76. Edmunds, Joseph F., and Clayton Shillingford. 2005. "A Program for the Resuscitation of the Windward Islands Banana Industry and Recommendations to Contribute to Its Sustainability in World Trade." URL: http://www.da-academy.org/banana_project.html (21 January 2007).
77. Escobar, Arturo. 1995. Encountering Development: The Making and Unmaking of the Third World. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
78. Evans, Peter, Dietrich Rueschemeyer, and Theda Skocpol. 1985. "On the Road toward a More Adequate Understanding of the State." In Bringing the State Back In, ed. Peter B. Evans, Dietrich Rueschemeyer, and Theda Skocpol. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
79. Fairtrade (Fairtrade Foundation, UK). 2007. Press Statement. 24 August. URL: http://www.fairtrade.org.uk/pr240907.htm (8 October 2007).
80. FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization). 2005. FAO Banana Statistics 2005. URL: http://www.fao.org/es/esc/common/ecg/109399_en_BAN_STAT_.06.pdf/ (15 August 2007).
81. Farmer, Paul. 1996. "On Suffering and Structural Violence: A View from Below." Daedalus, Journal of American Academy of Arts and Sciences 125 (1): 261-283.
82. Farmer, Paul. 2003. Pathologies of Power: Health, Human Rights and the New War on the Poor. Berkeley:University of California Press.
83. Feuer, Carl. 1984. Jamaica and the Sugar Worker Cooperatives: The Politics of Reform. Boulder, CO: Westview.
84. Fischer, Edward F., and Peter Benson. 2006. Broccoli and Desire: Global Connections and Maya Struggles in Postwar Guatemala. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
85. Fisher, Carolyn. 2007. "Selling Coffee, or Selling Out?: Evaluating the Consequences of Different Ways to Analyze the Fair Trade System." Culture and Agriculture 29 (2): 78-88.
86. FLO (Fairtrade Labeling Organizations International). 2004. Impact. URL: http://www.fairtrade.net/sites/impact/impact.html (8 March 2004).
87. FLO (Fairtrade Labeling Organizations International). 2006. News Bulletin. July. URL: http://www.fairtrade.net/news_bulletin.html (17 September 2006).
88. FLO (Fairtrade Labeling Organizations International). 2007. 2006/7 Annual Report. URL: http://www.fairtrade.net/uploads/media/Final_FLO_AR_2007_01.pdf (3 September 2007).
89. Foley, Michael, and Karl Yambert. 1989. "Anthropology and Theories of the State." In State, Capital and Rural Society, ed. Benjamin Orlove, Michael Foley, and Thomas Love. Boulder, CO: Westview.
90. Fontaine, Thomson. 2007. "Tracing the Diaspora's Involvement in the Development of a Nation:The Case of Dominica." URL: http://www.thedominican.net/articles/diasporaPaper.pdf (27 August 2007).
91. Foucault, Michel. 1994. "Two Lectures." In Culture/Power/History: A Reader in Contemporary Social Theory, ed. Nicholas B. Dirks, Geoff Eley, and Sherry B. Ortner. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
92. France, L. 1998. "Sustainability and Development in Tourism on the Islands of Barbados, St. Lucia and Dominica." In Resource Sustainability and Caribbean Development, ed. Duncan F. M. McGregor, D. Barker, and S. Evans. Kingston, Jamaica: University Press of the West Indies.
93. Francois, Martinus. 2004. "Before 361 There Was 651." The Star (Castries), 11 June, 12-13.
94. Frank, Thomas. 2004. What's the Matter with Kansas?: How Conservatives Won the Heart of America. New York: Metropolitan.
95. Frederick, Rhonda. 2005. Colon Man a Come: Mythographies of Panama Canal Migration. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books.
96. Freeman, Carla. 2000. High Tech and High Heels in the Global Economy: Women, Work and Pink-Collar Identities in the Caribbean. Durham: Duke University Press.
97. French, Hilary. 2000. Vanishing Borders: Protecting the Planet in the Age of Globalization. New York: W.W. Norton.
98. Fridell, Gavin. 2007. Fair Trade Coffee: The Prospects and Pitfalls of Market-Driven Social Justice. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
99. Fried, Morton. 1967. The Evolution of Political Society. New York: Random House.
100. Friedemann-Sánchez, Greta. 2006. Assembling Flowers and Cultivating Homes: Labor and Gender in Colombia. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books.
101. Fukuyama, Francis. 1992. The End of History and the Last Man. New York: Free Press.
102. Gallagher, Mike, and Cameron McWhirter. 1998a. "Chiquita Secrets Revealed: Better Banana Program under Attack." Cincinnati Enquirer. 3 May. URL: http://www.mindfully.org/Pesticide/chiquita/chiquita06.htm (2 September 2007).
103. Gallagher, Mike, and Cameron McWhirter. 1998b. "Chiquita Secrets Revealed: Island Economies on the Line." Cincinnati Enquirer, 3 May. URL: http://www.globalexchange.org/campaigns/bananas/chiquitaSecretsRevealed.html.pf (22 August 2007).
104. Gallagher, Mike, and Cameron McWhirter. 1998c. "Chiquita Secrets Revealed: Unregistered Toxins Used Despite Claims." Cincinnati Enquirer, 3 May. URL: http://www.mindfully.org/Pesticide/chiquita/chiquita09.htm (2 September 2007).
105. Gettman, Jon. 2006. "Marijuana Production in the United States." URL: http://www.drugscience.org/Archive/bcr2/domstprod.html (31 August 2007).
106. Global Exchange. 2000. "An Open Letter to Starbucks." URL: http://www.globalexchange.org/campaigns/fairtrade/coffee/OpenLetterToStarbucks.html (3 September 2007).
107. Global Exchange. 2007. "Starbucks Campaign." URL: http://www.globalexchange.org/campaigns/fairtrade/coffee/starbucks.html (3 September 2007).
108. Grant, Julie. 2007. "Does Fair Trade Coffee Work?" The Environment Report, 2 April. URL:http://environmentreport.org/transcript.php3?story_id=3374 (3 September 2007).
109. Gray, John. 2003. Al Qaeda and What It Means to Be Modern. New York: New Press.
110. Greider, William. 1997. One World, Ready or Not: The Manic Logic of Global Capitalism. New York: Simon and Schuster.
111. Grier, Jean Heilman. 2005. Section 301 of the 1974 Trade Act. Washington, D.C.: US Department of Commerce. URL: http://www.osec.doc.gov/ogc/occic/301.html (3 October 2007).
112. Grindle, Merilee. 1977. Bureaucrats, Politicians and Peasants in Mexico. Berkeley: University of California Press.
113. Grindle, Merilee. 1986. State and Countryside: Development Policy and Agrarian Politics in Latin America. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
114. Grossman, Lawrence S. 1998. The Political Ecology of Bananas: Contract Farming, Peasants, and Agrarian Change in the Eastern Caribbean. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.
115. Grossman, Lawrence S. 2003. "The St. Vincent Banana Growers' Association, Contract Farming, and the Peasantry." In Banana Wars: Power, Production and History in the Americas, ed. Steve Striffler and Mark Moberg. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
116. Haas, Jonathan. 1982. The Evolution of the Prehistoric State. New York: Columbia University Press.
117. Harvey, David. 1989. The Condition of Postmodernity. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
118. Helleiner, Eric. 1994. "From Bretton Woods to Global Finance: A World Turned Upside Down." In Political Economy and the Changing Global Order, ed. Richard Stubbs and Geoffrey R. D. Underhill. New York: St. Martin's Press.
119. Heuman, Gad. 1994. 'The Killing Time:' The Morant Bay Rebellion in Jamaica. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press.
120. Hintzen, Percy. The Costs of Regime Survival: Racial Mobilization, Elite Domination, and Control of the State in Guyana and Trinidad. Cambridge University Press.
121. Holt, Thomas C. 1992. The Problem of Freedom: Race, Labor and Politics in Jamaica and Britain. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
122. Hunting Technical Services, Ltd. 1998. Protecting St. Lucia's Watersheds: Environmental Needs and Management Plans. Hertfordshire, UK.
123. Ioannides, D. 2002. "Tourism Development in Mediterranean Islands: Opportunities and Constraints." In Island Tourism and Sustainable Development, ed. Yiorgos Apostopolous and Dennis Gayle. Westport, CT: Praeger.
124. Jaffee, Daniel. 2007. Brewing Justice: Fair Trade Coffee, Sustainability, and Survival. Berkeley:University of California Press.
125. Jameson, Frederic. 1991. Postmodernism, or the Cultural Logic of Late Capitalism. Durham: Duke University Press.
126. Jean, Ignatius. 2004. "New Deception Movement on the Banana Industry." The Voice (Castries, St. Lucia), 20 March, 116 (9025): 24-29.
127. Jessop, Bob. 1999. "Narrating the Future of the National Economy and the National State:Remarks on Remapping Regulation and Reinventing Governance." In State/Culture: State Formation After the Cultural Turn, ed. George Steinmetz. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
128. Johnson, Allen W., and Timothy Earle. 2000. The Evolution of Human Societies. 2nd ed. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
129. Josie, Peter. 2003. "Banana Blues." The Crusader (Castries, St. Lucia), 9 August, 40 (32): 4.
130. Josling, Tim. 2003. "Bananas and the WTO: Testing the New Dispute Settlement Process." In Banana Wars: The Anatomy of a Trade Dispute, ed. Timothy E. Josling and Timothy G. Taylor. Cambridge, MA: CABI Publishing.
131. Kairi Consultants. 1993. Development of a Time-Phased Action Programme to Improve the International Competitiveness of the Banana Industry of the Windward Islands. Report for the Caribbean Development Bank, Barbados.
132. Kairi Consultants. 1996. Poverty Assessment Report - St. Lucia. Port of Spain, Trinidad: Kairi Consultants, Ltd.
133. Kairi Consultants. 2000. Study to Assess the Socio-Economic Impact of Restructuring in the St. Vincent Banana Industry. DraftFinal Report. London: Kairi Consultants Ltd.
134. Kay, Cristobal. 1974. "Comparative Development of the European Manorial System and the Latin American Hacienda System." Journal of Peasant Studies 2 (1): 69-98.
135. Kepner, Charles. 1936. Social Aspects of the Banana Industry. New York: Columbia University Press.
136. Kerblay, Basile. 1987. "Chayanov and the Theory of Peasant Economics." In Peasants and Peasant Societies, ed. Theodor Shanin. Oxford: Blackwell.
137. King, Thomas. 2004. Success and Transformation: Collective Marketing and Common Pool Credit in a Belizean Fishing Cooperative: An Empirical Example of a Multi-Tiered Collective Action Problem. PhD dissertation, Department of Anthropology. Pennsylvania State University.
138. Klein, Naomi. 2000. No Logo: Taking Aim at the Brand Bullies. New York: Picador.
139. Leahy, Stephen. 2006. "Central America: Workers LeftSterile by Pesticide Seek Justice." Inter Press News Service, 12 November. URL: http://www.ipsnews.net/africa/interna.asp?idnews=26266 (14 August 2007).
140. Lewis, Gordon K. 1968. The Growth of the Modern West Indies. New York: Monthly Review Press.
141. Little, Peter. 1994. "Contract Farming and the Development Question." In Living Under Contract:Contract Farming and Agrarian Transformation in Sub-Saharan Africa, ed. Peter D. Little and Michael J. Watts. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press.
142. Lowenthal, David. 1972. West Indian Societies. New York: Oxford University Press.
143. Lyon, Sarah. 2006. "Migratory Imaginations: The Commodification and Contradictions of Shade Grown Coffee." Social Anthropology 14 (3): 377-390.
144. Marks and Spencer. 2006. How We Do Business. URL: http://www2.marksandspencer.com/thecompany/trustyourmands/index.shtml (26 October 2006).
145. Marshall, Woodville K. 1985. "Emancipation and Labour Relations in Four Windward Islands." In Abolition and Its Aftermath: The Historical Context, 1790-1916, ed. D. Richardson. London: Frank Cass.
146. Marshall, Woodville K. 1993. "Notes on Peasant Development in the West Indies since 1838." In Caribbean Free dom: Society and Economy From Emancipation to the Present, ed. Hilary Beckles and Verene Shepherd. Kingston, Jamaica: Ian Randle.
147. McCann, Thomas. 1976. An American Company: The Tragedy of United Fruit. New York:Crown.
148. Michels, Robert. 1958 [1915]. Political Parties. Glencoe: The Free Press.
149. Midgett, Douglas. 2003. "Spots on the Bananas." Unpublished ms.
150. Midgett, Douglas. 2004. "Cocky vs. Staffy: St. Lucian Electoral Politics since Independence." Unpublished ms.
151. Miliband, Ralph. 1983. "State Power and Class Interests." New LeftReview 138 (1): 57-68.
152. Mintz, Sidney. 1974. Caribbean Transformations. Chicago: Aldine.
153. Mintz, Sidney. 1977. "The So-called World System: Local Initiative and Local Response." Dialectical Anthropology 2 (4): 253-270.
154. The Mirror. 2003. "CARICOM Defy U.S." The Mirror (Castries, St. Lucia), 4 July, 9 (42): 1.
155. Miyoshi, Masao. 1993. "A Borderless World? From Colonialism to Transnationalism and the Decline of the Nation-State." Critical Inquiry 19 (summer): 727-751.
156. Moberg, Mark. 1991. "Citrus and the State: Factions and Class Formation in Rural Belize." American Ethnologist 18 (2): 215-233.
157. Moberg, Mark. 1994. "An Agency Model of the State: Contributions and Limitations of Institutional Economics." In Anthropology and Institutional Economics, ed. James Acheson. Lanham, MD: University Press of America.
158. Moberg, Mark. 1997. Myths of Ethnicity and Nation: Immigration, Work, and Identity in the Belize Banana Industry. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press.
159. Moberg, Mark. 2002. "Erin Brockovich Doesn't Live Here: Environmental Politics and 'Responsible Care' in Mobile County, Alabama." Human Organization 61 (4): 377-389.
160. Moberg, Mark. 2003. "Responsible Men and Sharp Yankees: The United Fruit Company, Resident Elites, and Colonial State in British Honduras." In Banana Wars: Power, Production and History in the Americas, ed. Steve Striffler and Mark Moberg. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
161. Moberg, Mark. 2005. "Fair Trade and Eastern Caribbean Banana Farmers: Rhetoric and Reality in the Anti-Globalization Movement." Human Organization 64 (1): 4-15
162. Moberg, Mark. 2006. "Race, Class, and Environmental Justice: Eastern Caribbean Dimensions of a 'Southern' Problem." In Caribbean and Southern: Transnational Perspectives on the U.S. South, ed. Helen A. Regis. Athens: University of Georgia Press.
163. Moberg, Mark, and Tawnya Sesi Moberg. 2005. "The United Houma Nation in the U.S. Congress:Corporations, Communities and the Politics of Federal Acknowledgment." Urban Anthropology 34 (1): 85-124.
164. Moberg, Mark, and Steve Striffler. 2003. "Introduction." In Banana Wars: Power, Production and History in the Americas, ed. Steve Striffler and Mark Moberg. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
165. Mohanty, Chandra. 2003. "'Under Western Eyes' Revisited: Feminist Solidarity through Anticapitalist Struggles." Signs 28 (2): 499-537.
166. Moore, Geoff. 2004. "The Fair Trade Movement: Parameters, Issues, and Future Research." Journal of Business Ethics 53 (1): 73-86.
167. Murray, Douglas L., and Laura T. Raynolds. 2000. "Alternative Trade in Bananas: Obstacles and Opportunities for Progressive Social Change in the Global Economy." Agriculture and Human Values 17 (1): 65-75.
168. Myers, Gordon. 2004. Banana Wars: The Price of Free Trade. A Caribbean Perspective. London:Zed Books.
169. Nader, Laura. 1974. "Up the Anthropologist: Perspectives Gained from Studying Up." In Reinventing Anthropology, ed. Dell Hymes. New York: Vintage.
170. Nash, June. 1981. "Ethnographic Aspects of the World Capitalist System." Annual Review of Anthropology 10: 393-424.
171. Nash, June. 1994. "Global Integration and Subsistence Insecurity." American Anthropologist 96 (1):7-30.
172. NDIC (National Drug Intelligence Center). 2005. National Drug Threat Assessment 2005 Summary Report. Washington, D.C.: US Department of Justice. URL: http://www.usdoj.gov/ndic/pubs11/13846/marijuana.htm (31 August 2007).
173. NERA. 2003. Banana Exports from the Caribbean since 1992. London: National Economic Research Associates.
174. The News. 1998a. "Ganja Farmers Against Eradication" The News (Kingstown, St. Vincent), 20 November, 487: 1.
175. The News. 1998b. "Marijuana Farmers Send Protest Letter to Clinton." The News (Kingstown, St. Vincent), 4 December, 489: 1.
176. The News. 1998c. "150,000 Marijuana Trees Destroyed." The News (Kingstown, St. Vincent), 11 December, 450: 1-2.
177. Noel, Jeana. 2004. EUREP-GAP: Challenges and Opportunities." Focus (Kingstown, St. Vincent), 2 (1): 5.
178. Nurse, Keith, and Wayne Sandiford. 1995. Windwards Islands Bananas: Challenges and Options under the Single European Market. Kingston, Jamaica: Friedrich Ebert Stiftung.
179. OAS (Organization of American States). 1991. Integrated Land Development: The Case of the Mabouya Valley in St. Lucia. Washington, D.C.: Executive Secretariat for Economic and Social Affairs.
180. OAS (Organization of American States). 1995. Background Information for Project Entitled: Technological Modernization of the Banana Industry in the Caribbean. Castries: Inter-American Institute for Cooperation in Agriculture.
181. Ochoa, Enrique C. 2000. Feeding Mexico: The Political Uses of Food since 1910. Wilmington, Delaware: SR Books.
182. O'Nions, James. 2006. "Fairtrade and Global Justice." URL: http://www.grain.org/seedling/?id=430 (1 September 2006).
183. Oxford English Dictionary (OED). 2007. "Greenwash." URL: http://dictionary.oed.com.libproxy2.usouthal.edu/ (1 October 2007).
184. Paggi, M., and T. Spreen. 2003. "Overview of the World Banana Market." In Banana Wars:The Anatomy of a Trade Dispute, ed. Timothy E. Josling and Timothy G. Taylor. Cambridge, MA: CABI Publishing.
185. Patullo, Polly. 1996a. Last Resorts: The Cost of Tourism in the Caribbean. London: Latin American Bureau.
186. Patullo, Polly. 1996b. "Green Crime, Green Redemption: The Environment and Ecotourism in the Caribbean." In Green Guerrillas: Environmental Conflicts and Initiatives in Latin America and the Caribbean, ed. Helen Collinson. London: Latin American Bureau.
187. Polanyi, Karl. 1957 [orig. 1944]. The Great Transformation. Boston: Beacon Press.
188. Poulantzas, Nicos. 1978. State, Power, Socialism. London: New LeftBooks.
189. Purcell, Trevor. 1993. Banana Fallout: Class, Color, and Culture among West Indians in Costa Rica. Los Angeles: UCLA Center for Afro-American Studies.
190. Radio St. Lucia. 2003. Evening News Report. 19 August.
191. Raynolds, Laura T. 2000. "Re-embedding Global Agriculture: The International Organic and Fair Trade Movements." Agriculture and Human Values 17 (3): 297-309.
192. Raynolds, Laura T. 2003. "The Global Banana Trade." In Banana Wars: Power, Production and History in the Americas, eds. Steve Striffler and Mark Moberg. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
193. Reynolds, Anderson. 2004. The Struggle for Survival: An Historical, Political, and Socioeconomic Perspective on St. Lucia. Vieux Fort, St. Lucia: Jako Books.
194. Richardson, Bonham. 1997. Economy and Environment in the Caribbean: Barbados and the Windwards in the Late 1800s. Gainesville: University of Florida Press.
195. Riisgaard, Lone. 2004. The IUF/COLSIBA - CHIQUITA Framework Agreement: A Case Study. International Labor Organization Working Paper No. 94. URL: http://www.ilo.org/public/english/employment/multi/download/wp94.pdf (10 September 2006).
196. Rockwell, Paul. 1995. "The Right Has a Dream: Martin Luther King as an Opponent of Affirmative Action." FAIR: Fairness and Accuracy in Reporting (May/June). URL: http://www.fair.org/index.php?page=1292 (1 September 2007).
197. Romalis, Rochelle. 1975. "Economic Change and Peasant Political Consciousness in the Commonwealth Caribbean." Journal of Commonwealth and Comparative Politics 13 (3): 225-241.
198. Roseberry, William. 1985. "Something About Peasants, History, and Capitalism." Critique of Anthropology 5 (3): 69-76.
199. Roseberry, William. 1996. "The Rise of Yuppie Coffees and the Re-imagination of Class in the United States." American Anthropologist 98 (4): 762-775.
200. Rosegrant, S. 1999. Banana Wars: Challenges to the European Union's Banana Regime. Kennedy School of Government Case Study. Cambridge: Harvard University.
201. Rowbotham, Michael. 1998. The Grip of Death: A Study of Modern Money, Debt Slavery and Destructive Economics. Charlbury, UK: Jon Carpenter.
202. Rubenstein, Hymie. 1999. "Ganja and Globalization: A Caribbean Case Study." Global Development Studies 1 (1-2): 233-250.
203. Sahlins, Marshall. 1972. Stone Age Economics. New York: Aldine.
204. Sainsbury's. 2006. URL: http://www.sainsburys.cok.uk/social/ (12 September 2006).
205. Sasidharan, V., and B. Thapa. 2002. "Sustainable Coastal and Marine Tourism Development:A Hobson's Choice?" In Island Tourism and Sustainable Development, ed. Yiorgos Apostopolous and Dennis Gayle. Westport, CT: Praeger.
206. Schumpeter, Joseph A. 1975 [orig. 1942]. Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy. New York:Harper.
207. Scott, James C. 1998. Seeing Like a State: How Certain Schemes to Improve the Human Condition Have Failed. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
208. Sealy, Theodore, and Herbert Hart. 1984. Jamaica's Banana Industry: A History of the Banana Industry with Particular Reference to the Part Played by the Jamaica Banana Producers Association, Ltd. Kingston: The Jamaica Banana Producers Association.
209. Service, Elman. 1975. Origins of the State and Civilization. New York: Norton.
210. Shanin, Teodor. 1972. The Awkward Class: Political Sociology of Peasantry in a Developing Society; Russia 1910-1925. Oxford University Press.
211. Shanin, Teodor. 1986. "Chayanov's Message: Illuminations, Miscomprehensions, and the Contemporary 'Development Theory.'" In A.V. Chayanov on the Theory of Peasant Economy, ed. Daniel Thorner, Basile Kerblay, and R. E. F. Smith. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press.
212. Sharma, Aradhana and Akhil Gupta. 2006. "Introduction: Rethinking Theories of the State in an Age of Globalization," In The Anthropology of the State: A Reader, ed. Aradhana Sharma and Akhil Gupta. Oxford: Blackwell.
213. Sklair, Leslie. 1998. "Social Movements and Global Capitalism." In The Cultures of Globalization, ed. Frederic Jameson and Masao Miyoshi. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
214. Skocpol, Theda. 1979. States and Social Revolutions. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
215. Slocum, Karla. 1996. Producing Under a Globalizing Economy: The Intersection of Flexible Production and Local Autonomy in the Work, Lives, and Actions of St. Lucian Banana Growers. PhD dissertation, University of Florida.
216. Slocum, Karla. 2006. Free Trade and Freedom: Neoliberalism, Place and Nation in the Caribbean. Ann Arbor:University of Michigan Press.
217. Smith, Carol. 1984. "Does a Commodity Economy Enrich the Few While Ruining the Masses? Differentiation Among Petty Commodity Producers in Guatemala." Journal of Peasant Studies 11 (1): 60-95.
218. Soluri, John. 2005. Banana Cultures: Agriculture, Consumption, and Environmental Change in Honduras and the United States. Austin: University of Texas Press.
219. Starbucks. 2006. URL: http://www.starbucks.com/aboutus/fairtrade.asp (7 September 2006).
220. Stecklow, Steve, and Erin White. 2004. "What Price Virtue? At Some Retailers, 'Fair Trade' Carries a Very High Cost." Wall Street Journal, 8 June, P A.
221. St. Lucia (Government of St. Lucia). 1973. Report of the Commission of Inquiry into the Prolonged Stoppage of Work in the Cul-de-Sac and Roseau Group of Estates during the Months of April and May, 1973. Printed in Guyana for the Government of St. Lucia.
222. St. Lucia (Government of St. Lucia). 1980. An Inquiry into the Banana Industry: Interim Report. Castries: Government of St. Lucia.
223. St. Lucia (Government of St. Lucia). 1987. St. Lucia Model Farms Ltd: Roseau Valley Smallholder Crop Diversification Project, St. Lucia, 1982-1987. Castries.
224. St. Lucia (Government of St. Lucia). 1990. A Review of the Banana Industry of St. Lucia, Prepared for the Government of St. Lucia. Castries: Banana Review Committee.
225. St. Lucia (Government of St. Lucia). 1991. St. Lucia Population Census: 1990. Castries.
226. St. Lucia (Government of St. Lucia). 1995-2003. Crime Statistics (annual reports). Castries: Royal St. Lucia Police.
227. St. Lucia (Government of St. Lucia). 2001a. St. Lucia Banana Industry Strategy Task Force: Final Report. Castries: Government of St. Lucia Banana Industry Task Force.
228. St. Lucia (Government of St. Lucia). 2001b. St. Lucia Population Census: 2000. Preliminary Results. Castries.
229. St. Lucia (Government of St. Lucia). 2002. Survey of Banana Agro-Ecological Zones. Cul de Sac, St. Lucia: Banana Emergency Recovery Unit, Ministry of Agriculture.
230. St. Lucia (Government of St. Lucia). 2003. National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (NBSAP). Castries.
231. Stovall, J. G., and D. E. Hathaway. 2003. "US Interests in the Banana Trade Controversy." In Banana Wars: The Anatomy of a Trade Dispute, ed. Timothy E. Josling and Timothy G.Taylor. Cambridge, MA: CABI Publishing.
232. Tangermann, S. 2003. "The European Common Banana Policy." In Banana Wars: The Anatomy of a Trade Dispute, ed. Timothy E. Josling and Timothy G. Taylor. Cambridge, MA: CABI Publishing.
233. Taylor, J. Gary and Patricia J. Scharlin. 2004. Smart Alliance: How a Global Corporation and Environmental Activists Transformed a Tarnished Brand. New Haven: Yale University Press.
234. Taylor, Tim. 2003. "Evolution of the Banana Multinationals." In Banana Wars: The Anatomy of a Trade Dispute, ed. Timothy E. Josling and Timothy G. Taylor. Cambridge, MA: CABI Publishing.
235. Ten Thousand Villages. 2007. "Fair Trade Sales Increase around the World!" URL: http://www.tenthousandvillages.ca/cgiin/category.cgi?type=store&item=pageZAAAB45&template=fullpage-en&category=news (2 September 2007).
236. Tesco. 2006. Tesco Corporate Information. URL: http://www.tesco.com/corporateinfo/ (23 August 2006).
237. Thomson, Robert. 1987. Green Gold: Bananas and Dependency in the Eastern Caribbean. London:Latin American Bureau.
238. Tiffin, Pauline. 2002. "A Chocolate Coated Case for Alternative International Business." Development in Practice 12 (3-4): 383-397.
239. Trouillot, Michel-Rolph. 1988. Peasants and Capital: Dominica in the World Economy. Baltimore:Johns Hopkins University Press.
240. ULG. 1975. The Windward Islands Banana Industry Consultancy DraftFinal Report. London:ULG Consultants, Ltd.
241. UN (United Nations). 2003. Caribbean Drug Trends: 2001-2002. Bridgetown, Barbados: United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, Caribbean Regional Office. URL: http://www.unodc.org/pdf/barbados/caribbean_drug-trends_2001-2002.pdf
242. US (United States of America). 2005. "United States 'Disappointed' with EU Banana Tariff Proposal." Washington, D.C.: United States of America Department of State. URL: http://usinfo.state.gov/xarchives/display.html?p=washfile-english&y=2005&m=December&x=20051202182447aawajuk0.133465 (6 October 2007).
243. Van de Kasteele, Adelien, and Myriam van der Stichele. 2005. "Update on the Banana Chain:The Macro-Economics of the Banana Trade." Paper presented at the International Banana Conference, Brussels, Belgium.
244. Vincent, Andrew. 1987. Theories of the State. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
245. Vitalis, David. 1999. "Bananas - The War Will Go On." The Mirror. (Castries, St. Lucia), 22 October: 5.
246. The Voice. 1996. "If Bananas Disappear People Will Have to Produce Marijuana and Ship It North." The Voice (Castries, St. Lucia), 15 August: 5.
247. The Voice. 2002. "Drugs in Our Banana Boxes." The Voice (Castries, St. Lucia), 7 December, 114 (8854): 1.
248. The Voice. 2003a. "St. Lucia is Chief Dealer in Cocaine." The Voice (Castries, St. Lucia), 8 April, 115 (8899): 1.
249. The Voice. 2003b. "SLHTA President Blasts Cruise Sector." The Voice (Castries, St. Lucia), 24 May, 115 (8908): 2.
250. The Voice. 2003c. "Did the PM Apologize to Pres. Bush?" The Voice (Castries, St. Lucia), 7 June, 115 (8914): 4.
251. The Voice. 2003d. "UWP Leader Emancipation Day Statement." The Voice (Castries, St. Lucia), 2 August, 115 (8914): 5.
252. The Voice. 2003e. "PM Anthony to Meet President Bush." The Voice (Castries, St. Lucia), 23 September, 115 (8956): 9.
253. The Voice. 2004a. "Statement by Mr. Ausbert d'Auvergne, Political Leader, on the Banana Industry." The Voice (Castries, St. Lucia), 16 March, 116 (9023): 3.
254. The Voice. 2004b. "No Cut Strike? 'I Will Go Along,' Says Josie.'" The Voice (Castries, St. Lucia), 23 March, 166 (9026): 1.
255. Wallerstein, Immanuel. 1980. The Modern World System I: Capitalist Agriculture and the Origins of the Modern World Economy in the Sixteenth Century. New York: Academic.
256. Watts, Michael. 1990. "Peasants Under Contract: Agro-Food Complexes in the Third World." In The Food Question: Profits versus People, ed. Henry Bernstein, Ben Crow, Maureen Mackintosh, and Charlotte Martin. London: Earthscan.
257. Wayne, Rick. 1987. It'll be Alright in the Morning. Castries, St. Lucia: Star Publishing Co.
258. Wayne, Rick. 2002. Foolish Virgins. Castries, St. Lucia: Star Publishing Co.
259. Weekes, Tarik. 2004. "Banana Fight-Back: Industry Leaders in Windwards Come Up with Revival Plan." The Mirror (Castries, St. Lucia), 18 June, 10 (39): 5.
260. Williams, Eric E. 1944. Capitalism and Slavery. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.
261. Wilson, Patrick J. 1995. Crab Antics: A Caribbean Case Study of the Conflict between Reputation and Respectability. Prospect Heights, IL: Waveland.
262. WINFA (Windward Islands Farmers Association). 2003. "Fairtrade in the Windward Islands." St. Vincent (mimeo).
263. Wittfogel, Karl. 1957. Oriental Despotism. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
264. Wolf, Eric R. 1969. Peasant Wars of the Twentieth Century. New York: Harper Colophon.
265. Wolf, Eric R. 1982. Europe and the People without History. Berkeley: University of California Press.
266. Young, David P. 1993. All A We A One: A Caribbean Scrapbook. New York: Friendship Press.