Power shared after the deaths of thousands

Consociational Theory: McGarry and O'Leary and the Northern Ireland Conflict

Volumn , Issue , 2009, Pages 15-84

  McGarry, John ^a   O'Leary, Brendan ^b  

^a QUEEN S UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

^b UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84917273198     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.4324/9780203962565     Document Type: Chapter

References (93)

1. For examples of integrationist thinking, see B. Barry (2000) Culture and Inequality, Cambridge, Polity Press;
2. P. Brass (1991) Ethnicity and Nationalism: Theory and Comparison, New Delhi, Sage;
3. B. Reilly (2001) Democracy in Divided Societies: Electoral Engineering for Conflict Management, New York, Cambridge University Press;
4. P. Roeder (1991) "Soviet federalism and ethnic mobilization," World Politics 43(2), 196-232.
5. Consociational theory is most closely associated with the work of Arend Lijphart: see, for example, (1968) The Politics of Accommodation: Pluralism and Democracy in The Netherlands, Berkeley, University of California Press;
6. For other consociational thought see J. McGarry and B. O'Leary (2004) The Northern Ireland Conflict: Consociational Engagements, Oxford, Oxford University Press, pp. 275-87;
7. K. McRae (ed.) (1974) Consociational Democracy in Segmented Societies, Toronto, McClelland and Stewart;
8. E. A. Nordlinger (1972) Conflict Regulation in Divided Societies, Harvard Studies in International Affairs, no. 29, Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press;
9. B. O'Leary (2005) "Debating consociational politics: Normative and explanatory arguments," in S. Noel (ed.) From Power-Sharing to Democracy: Post-Conflict Institutions in Ethnically Divided Societies, Montreal and Kingston, McGill-Queen's University Press, pp. 3-43.
10. See J. McGarry, B. O'Leary, and R. Simeon (2008) "Integration versus accommodation: The enduring debate in ethnic conflict regulation," in S. Choudhry (ed.) Constitutional Design for Divided Societies, Oxford, Oxford University Press, pp. 41-90.
11. A. Edwards (2007) "Interpreting the conflict in Northern Ireland," Ethnopolitics 6(1), p. 139.
12. J-J. Rousseau (1985) The Government of Poland, Indianapolis, Hackett.
13. See P. Alter (1994) Nationalism, London, Edward Arnold;
14. C. Ward (1991) "The limits of 'Liberal Republicanism': Why group-based remedies and Republican citizenship don't mix," Columbia Law Review 91(3), 581-607.
15. See E. Gellner (1994) "Kemalism," in Encounters with Nationalism, Oxford, Basil Blackwell, pp. 81-91;
16. Ü. Cizre (2001) "Turkey's Kurdish problem: Borders, identity and hegemony," in B. O'Leary, I. S. Lustick, and T. Callaghy (eds) Right-Sizing the State: The Politics of Moving Borders, Oxford, Oxford University Press, pp. 222-252.
17. Exponents and critics can be found in N. Porter (ed.) (1998) The Republican Ideal: Current Perspectives, Belfast, Blackstaff.
18. A. McIntyre (2007) "The man without the mask," The Blanket, March 10. Online: www. phoblacht.net/AM130307.html
19. D. Kennedy (1999) "Dash for Agreement: Temporary accommodation or lasting settlement?" Fordham International Law Journal 22(4), 1440-64.
20. I. McLean and A. McMillan (2005) State of the Union: Unionism and the Alternatives in the United Kingdom since 1707, Oxford, Oxford University Press.
21. J. Ruane and J. Todd (1996) The Dynamics of Conflict in Northern Ireland: Power, Conflict and Emancipation, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, ch. 11.
22. R. Wilson (1999) "Making the Agreement stick: Prospects for peace in Northern Ireland," Renewal 17(1), p. 21.
23. Taylor, "Consociation or social transformation?" p. 45.
24. D. L. Horowitz (2001) "The Agreement: Clear, consociational and risky," in J. McGarry (ed.) Northern Ireland and the Divided World, pp. 89-108;
25. D. L. Horowitz (2002) "Explaining the Northern Ireland Agreement: The sources of an unlikely constitutional consensus," British Journal of Political Science 32(2), 193-220.
26. R. Wilford and R. Wilson (2003) "A route to stability: The review of the Belfast Agreement," Belfast, Democratic Dialogue, August, http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/dd/papers/dd03agreview.pdf, p. 14;
27. R. Wilson (2003) "Belfast Agreement power-sharing model can entrench sectarianism," The Irish Times, March 5;
28. R. Wilford and R. Wilson (2006) "From the Belfast Agreement to stable power-sharing," paper presented at the Political Studies Association "Territorial politics" conference, Queen's University, Belfast, January, pp. 13-14;
29. I. O'Flynn (2003) "The problem of recognising individual and national identities: A liberal critique of the Belfast Agreement," Critical Review of International Social and Political Philosophy 6(3), pp. 141-43.
30. Horowitz, "The Agreement," p. 99.
31. For similar arguments from the experience of Papua New Guinea, see B. Reilly (1997) "Preferential voting and political engineering: A comparative study," Journal of Commonwealth and Comparative Politics 35(1), 1-19;
32. Reilly, Democracy in Divided Societies.
33. A. Lijphart (1975) "Review article. The Northern Ireland problem: Cases, theories, and solutions," British Journal of Political Science 5(1), 83-106.
34. Horowitz, Ethnic Groups in Conflict, pp. 572-73.
35. B. O'Leary, "Power-sharing, pluralist federation, and federacy," in O'Leary, McGarry, and Salih (eds) The Future of Kurdistan in Iraq, pp. 49-50.
36. Lijphart, The Politics of Accommodation.
37. Lijphart, Democracy in Plural Societies.
38. Lijphart, Democracy in Plural Societies, p. 104.
39. Lijphart, Democracy in Plural Societies, p. 25.
40. Lijphart, "Constitutional design for divided societies," p. 97.
41. W. Connor (1986) "The impact of homelands upon diasporas," in G. Sheffer (ed.) Modern Diasporas in International Politics, London, Croom Helm, pp. 16-45.
42. Lijphart, "Review article" and Democracy in Plural Societies, pp. 134-41.
43. Lijphart, "Review article," p. 100.
44. B. Barry (1975) "The consociational model and its dangers," European Journal of Political Research 3(4), 393-413;
45. B. Barry (1975) "Review article: Political accommodation and consociational democracy," British Journal of Political Science 5(4), 477-505.
46. See O'Leary "Debating consociational politics," pp. 26-27.
47. B. O'Leary (1997) "The Conservative stewardship of Northern Ireland 1979-97: Soundbottomed contradictions or slow learning," Political Studies 45(4), 663-76;
48. B. O'Leary, "The Labour government and Northern Ireland 1974-79," in McGarry and O'Leary, The Northern Ireland Conflict, pp. 194-216.
49. C. O'Clery (1996) The Greening of the White House: The Inside Story of How America Tried to Bring Peace to Ireland, Dublin, Gill & Macmillan.
50. G. K. Peatling (2004) The Failure of the Northern Ireland Peace Process, Dublin, Irish Academic Press.
51. Wilson, "Making the Agreement stick," p. 20.
52. Wilford and Wilson, "A route to stability," pp. 9-10.
53. Wilford and Wilson, "From the Belfast Agreement," p. 18.
54. Taylor, "The Belfast Agreement," p. 218.
55. Wilford and Wilson, "A route to stability," p. 5.
56. Wilford and Wilson, "From the Belfast Agreement," p. 3.
57. R. Wilson (2005) "Back to the future," Boston Globe, May 8.
58. D. L. Horowitz (2005) "Foreword," in O'Flynn and Russell (eds) Power-Sharing, p. vii.
59. J. Hari (2007) "Blair may have finally seduced Paisley - but that still leaves an Ulster as divided as ever," The Independent, March 26.
60. P. O'Malley (2007) "Paisley's politics pays off," Boston Globe, March 27.
61. O'Flynn, "The problem of recognising individual and national identities," p. 142.
62. H. Patterson (2005) "What victory of the extremes means for all of us," Irish Independent, May 7.
63. Oberschall and Palmer, "The failure of moderate politics," p. 81.
64. Taylor, "The Belfast Agreement," p. 219.
65. S. Bruce (2001) "Terrorists and politics: The case of Northern Ireland's loyalist paramilitaries," Terrorism and Political Violence 13(2), 27-48.
66. Taylor, "Consociation or social transformation?" p. 43.
67. O'Leary, "The limits to coercive consociationalism," p. 583.
68. "Tough talk is losing its edge as Ulster's election trail goes cold," The Times, March 1, 2007.
69. P. Shirlow (2007) "Why it's going to take two to tango," Belfast Telegraph, March 14.
70. J. Fraenkel and B. Grofman (2007) "The merits of Neo-Downsian modeling of the alternative vote: A reply to Horowitz," Public Choice 133(1/2), 1-11.
71. Fraenkel and Grofman, "Does the alternative vote foster moderation," especially pp. 627-31.
72. P. Mitchell, B. O'Leary, and G. Evans (2001) "Northern Ireland: Flanking extremists bite the moderates and emerge in their clothes," Parliamentary Affairs 54(4), 725-42;
73. P. Mitchell, B. O'Leary, and G. Evans (2002) "The 2001 elections in Northern Ireland: Moderating 'extremists' and the squeezing of the moderates," Representation 39(1), 23-36.
74. Taylor, "The Belfast Agreement," p. 219.
75. Dixon, "Why the Good Friday Agreement," pp. 358-59.
76. A. Dawisha and K. Dawisha (2003) "How to build a democratic Iraq," Foreign Affairs 82(3), 45.
77. Taylor, "The Belfast Agreement," p. 220.
78. O'Leary, Grofman, and Elklit, "Divisor methods," p. 198.
79. Taylor, "Consociation or social transformation?" pp. 42-46.
80. Wilford and Wilson, "From the Belfast Agreement," p. 36.
81. Wilford and Wilson, "A route to stability," p. 19.
82. Wilford and Wilson, "From the Belfast Agreement," p. 31.
83. Horowitz, "The Agreement," pp. 101-102;
84. Wilford and Wilson, "From the Belfast Agreement," p. 31.
85. Wilford and Wilson, "From the Belfast Agreement," p. 26.
86. R. McCartney (2000) "Devolution is a sham," Observer, February 20;
87. R. McCartney (2006) "This is a situation hardly calculated to produce either clarity or truth," Belfast Telegraph, October 26.
88. Taylor, "The Belfast Agreement," p. 221.
89. Taylor, "The Belfast Agreement," p. 217.
90. Dixon, "Why the Good Friday Agreement," p. 363.
91. Wilford and Wilson, "From the Belfast Agreement," pp. 7-9.
92. See D. M. Weinstock (2006) "The real world of (global) democracy," Journal of Social Philosophy 37(1), 6-20.
93. McGarry and O'Leary, The Northern Ireland Conflict, pp. 309-10.