Intersections of race, religion, and inmate culture: The historical development of Islam in American corrections

Religion, the Community, and the Rehabilitation of Criminal Offenders

Volumn , Issue , 2013, Pages 87-107

  Dix Richardson, Felecia ^a   Close, Billy R ^b  

^a FLORIDA A AND M UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Islam; Muslims; Prison; Reform of offenders

Indexed keywords

EID: 84917203495     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.4324/9780203049563     Document Type: Chapter

References (63)

1. Acoli, Sundiata (1995). A Brief History of the New Afrikan Prison Struggle. (In a special issue: Network of Black Organizers: Black Prison Movements, USA.) Journal of African American Dialogue, 11 (1), 1-26.
2. Alexander, Amy (1998).The Farrakhan Factor: African-American Writers on Leadership, Nationhood, and Minister Louis Farrakhan. New York: Grove Press.
3. Atkins, Burton M., and Henry R. Glick (1972). Prisons, Protest, and Politics. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
4. Baldwin, James (1962). The Fire Next Time. New York: Dell.
5. Bell, Derrick (1992). Faces at the Bottom of the Well: The Permanence of Racism. New York: Basic Books.
6. Brown, Claude (1965). Manchild in the Promised Land. New York: Signet.
7. Brown, Lee P. (1965). Black Muslims and the Police. Journal of Criminal Law, Criminology, and Police Science, 56 (1), 119-126.
8. Butler, Keith (1978). The Muslims Are No Longer an Unknown Quantity. Corrections, 4, 55-63.
9. Christianson, Scott (1980). Corrections Law Developments: Legal Implications of Racially Disproportionate Incarceration Rates. Criminal Law Bulletin, 16(1):58-63.
10. Christianson, Scott (1980). Corrections Law Developments: Racial Discrimination and Prison Confinement: A Follow-up. Criminal Law Bulletin, 16(6):616-621.
11. Churchill, Ward, and Jim Vander Wall (1990). The Cointelpro Papers: Documents from the FBI’s Secret War Against Dissent in the UnitedStates. Boston: South End Press.
12. Clear, Todd, and George Cole (2000). American Corrections, Fifth ed. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.
13. Clear, Todd, Bruce Stout, Harry Dammer, Linda Kelly, Patricia Hardyman, and Carol Shapiro (1992). Prisoners, Prisons, and Religion. Unpublished report, School of Criminal Justice, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ.
14. Cleaver, Eldridge (1968). Soul on Ice. New York: Dell.
15. Clemmer, Donald (1940). The Prison Community. New York: Holt, Rinehart.
16. Close, Billy R. (1997). Towards a Resolution of the Discrimination/No Discrimination Debate in Criminology and Criminal Justice: Revisiting Black Criminality and Institutional Racism. Unpublished dissertation, Florida State University. 378 U.S. 546, 12 L.Ed. 2d, 1030, 84 S.Ct. 1733 (1967).
17. Dannin, Robert (1992). Island in a Sea of Ignorance. at www.nyu.edu/classes/ crisis/prison.html.
18. Dix, Felecia A. (1997). Race, Religion, and the Inmate Culture: An Interpretation of Islam in American Prisons. Unpublished dissertation, Florida State University.
19. Donzinger, Steven (1996). The Real War on Crime: The Report of the National Criminal Justice Commission. New York: HarperCollins.
20. Drake, St. Clair, and Horace Cayton (1993). Black Metropolis: A Study of Negro Life in a Northern City. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
21. El-Amin, Mustafa (1990). Al-Islam, Christianity and Freemasonry. Jersey City: New Mind Productions.
22. Essien-Udom, E. U. (1962). Black Nationalism: A Search for an Identity in America. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
23. Farrakhan, Louis (1993). A Torchlight for America. Chicago: FCN Publishing.
24. Flowers, Ronald (1990). Minorities and Criminality. New York: Praeger.
25. Frankel, Geoffrey (1991). Untangling First Amendment Values: The Prisoners’ Dilemma. George Washington University Law Review, 59:1614-1646.
26. Franklin, John Hope, and Alfred A. Moss, Jr. (1994). From Slavery to Freedom: A History of African Americans. New York: McGraw-Hill.
27. Fulwood v. Clemmer, 209 F.Supp. 370 (1962).
28. Gardell, Mattias (1996). in the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and the Nation of Islam.Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
29. Gomez, Michael (1994). Muslims in Early America. Journal of Southern History, 60, 671-710.
30. Hacker, Andrew (1992).Two Nations: Black and White, Separate, Hostile, Unequal. New York: Ballantine Books.
31. Haley, Alex (1964). The Autobiography of Malcolm X. New York: Ballantine.
32. Hooks, Bell (1995). Killling Rage: Ending Racism. New York: Holt.
33. Irwin, John (1980). Prisons in Turmoil. Boston: Little, Brown.
34. Irwin, John, and Donald Cressey (1962). Thieves, Convicts, and the Inmate Culture. Social Problems, 10(2):142-155.
35. Irwin, John, and James Austin (1994). It’s About Time: America’s Imprisonment Binge. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.
36. Jacobs, James B. (1977). Stateville: The Penitentiary in Mass Society. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
37. Jones, Oliver (1983). The Black Muslim Movement and the American Constitutional System. Journal of Black Studies, 13(4):417-437.
38. Kunjufu, Jawanza (1994). Adam, Where Are You?-Why Most Black Men Don’t Go to Church. Chicago: African American Images.
39. Lee, Martha F. (1996). The Nation of Islam: An American Millenarian Movement. Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press.
40. Lincoln, C. Eric (1961). The Black Muslims in America. Boston: Beacon Press.
41. Lincoln, C. Eric (1984). Race, Religion and the Continuing American Dilemma. New York: Hill and Wang.
42. Lincoln, C. Eric, and Lawrence H. Mamiya (1990). The Black Church in the African American Experience. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
43. Lusane, Clarence (1991). Pipe Dream Blues: Racism and the War on Drugs. Boston: South End Press.
44. Mann, Coramae Richey (1993). Unequal Justice: A Question of Color. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.
45. Muhammad, Elijah (1965). Message to the Blackman in America. Newport News: United Brothers Communications Systems.
46. Murdy, Ralph G. (1961). Islam Incarcerated. American Journal of Corrections, 23, (January-February), 23 (1), 18-21.
47. Nu’Man, Muhammad A. (1985). What Every American Should Know About Islam and the Muslims. Jersey City, NJ: New Mind Productions.
48. Page, Clarence (1996). Showing My Color: Impolite Essays on Race and Identity.New York: HarperCollins.
49. Palmer, John W. (1991). Constitutional Rights of Prisoners. Cincinnati: Anderson.
50. Pass, Michael G. (1999). Religious Orientation and Self-Reported Rule Violations in a Maximum Security Prison. Journal of Offender Rehabilitation, 28 (3/4), 119-134.
51. Rigoli, Lisa (1990). Power Exercised in the Shadows: O’Lone v. Shabazz as a Signal of the Court’s Return to Interpretivism in Institutional Reform Litigation. New England Journal of Criminal and Civil Confinement, 16(1):141-170.
52. Robbins, Ira P. (1980). The Cry of Wolfish in the Federal Courts: The Future of Federal Intervention in Prison Administration. Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, 71(3):211-225.
53. Rudovsky, David, Alvin J. Bronstein, Edward I. Koren, and Julia Cade (1988). The Rights of Prisoners: A Comprehensive Guide to the Legal Rights of Prisoners Under Current Law. Carbondale, IL: Southern Illinois University Press.
54. Ruffin v. Commonwealth, 62 Va. 790 (1871).
55. Sharif, Sidney R. (1981). Crime and Corrections: An Al-Islamic Perspective. Chicago: Kazi Publications.
56. Shover, Neal, and Werner Einstadter (1988). Analyzing American Corrections. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.
57. Smith, Christopher (1993). Black Muslims and the Development of Prisoner’s Rights. Journal of Black Studies, 24(2): 131-146.
58. Sykes, Gresham (1958). The Society of Captives: A Study of a Maximum Security Prison. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
59. Tonry, Michael (1995). Malign Neglect: Race, Crime, and Punishment in America. New York: Oxford University Press.
60. Van Sertima, Ivan (1992). African Presence in Early America. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Books.
61. West, Cornell (1993). Race Matters. New York: Vintage Books.
62. Wheeler, Stanton (1961). Socialization in Correctional Communities. American Sociological Review, 26(1):697-712.
63. Yaker, Henri M. (1962). The Black Muslims in the Correctional Institution. Welfare Reporter, October: 158-165.