Health systems integration of sexual and reproductive health and HIV services in Sub-Saharan Africa: A scoping study

Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes

Volumn 67, Issue , 2014, Pages S259-S270

  Hope, Rebecca ^a   Kendall, Tamil ^a   Langer, Ana ^a   Bärnighausen, Till ^a,b  

^a HARVARD SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH   (United States)

^b AFRICA HEALTH RESEARCH INSTITUTE   (South Africa)

Author keywords

Health systems research; HIV; Integration; Linkage; Maternal health services; Reproductive health services

Indexed keywords

ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROME; AFRICA SOUTH OF THE SAHARA; ARTICLE; CLINICAL SUPERVISION; GOVERNMENT; HEALTH CARE DELIVERY; HEALTH CARE FINANCING; HEALTH CARE PERSONNEL; HEALTH CARE PLANNING; HEALTH CARE POLICY; HEALTH CARE QUALITY; HEALTH CARE SYSTEM; HEALTH SERVICE; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; INTEGRATION; LEADERSHIP; MONITORING; PATIENT COUNSELING; PATIENT REFERRAL; PRENATAL CARE; REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH; SEXUAL HEALTH; THEMATIC ANALYSIS; TRAINING; WORKLOAD; DEVELOPING COUNTRY; FEMALE; HIV INFECTIONS; INTEGRATED HEALTH CARE SYSTEM; MALE; ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT;

AFRICA SOUTH OF THE SAHARA; DELIVERY OF HEALTH CARE, INTEGRATED; DEVELOPING COUNTRIES; FEMALE; HEALTH POLICY; HIV INFECTIONS; HUMANS; MALE; REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH SERVICES;

EID: 84916602733     PISSN: 15254135     EISSN: 10779450     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/QAI.0000000000000381     Document Type: Article

References (117)

1. Rabkin M, El-Sadr WM, De Cock KM. The impact of HIV scale-up on health systems: A priority research agenda. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2009;52(suppl 1): S6-S11.
2. Bowser D, Sparkes SP, Mitchell A, et al. Global fund investments in human resources for health: Innovation and missed opportunities for health systems strengthening. Health Policy Plan. 2013;22: 1-11.
3. Bärnighausen T, Bloom DE, Humair S. Going horizontal -shifts in funding of global health interventions. New Engl J Med. 2011;364: 2181-2183.
4. WHO. Glion Consultation on Strengthening the Linkages Between Reproductive Health and HIV/AIDS: Family Planning and HIV/AIDS in Women and Children. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO; 2006.
5. UNFPA. The Glion Call to Action on Family Planning and HIV/AIDS in Women and Children, 3-5 May 2004. New York, NY: United Nations; 2004.
6. WHO. Global Health Sector Strategy on HIV/AIDS 2011-2015. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO; 2011.
7. WHO. Accelerating Progress Towards the Attainment of International Reproductive Health Goal: A Framework for Implementing the WHO Global Reproductive Health Strategy. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO; 2006.
8. World Health Organization, UNICEF, UNFPA, UNAIDS. Linking sexual, reproductive, maternal and newborn health -The circle of life. New York, NY: United Nations Children's Fund; 2007. http://www. unicef.org/eapro/AsiaPIntegrationFramework.pdf.
9. UNFPA. The New York Call to Commitment: Linking HIV/AIDS and Sexual and Reproductive Health. New York, NY: United Nations Population Fund; 2004.
10. PEPFAR. PEPFAR Guidance on Integrating Mc-Govern Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission of HIV, Maternal, Neonatal, and Child Health and Pediatric HIV Services. Washington, DC: PEPFAR; 2011.
11. UNAIDS. Report on the Global HIV/AIDS Epidemic 2013. Geneva, Switzerland: UNAIDS; 2013.
12. Republic of South Africa. National Strategic Plan on HIV, STIs and TB: 2012-2016 Summary. Petroria; South Africa: Minstry of Health; 2012.
13. Republic of Kenya. National Reproductive Health and HIV and AIDS Integration Strategy. Nairobi, Kenya: Ministry of Health; 2009.
14. Republic of Botswana. Integrated Health Service Plan: A Strategy for Changing the Health Sector for Healthy Botswana 2010-2020. Gaborone Botswana: Ministry of Health; 2010.
15. Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia. National Reproductive Health Strategy 2006-2015. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Ministry of Health; 2006.
16. Druce N, Dickinson C, Attawell K, et al. Strengthening Linkages for Sexual and Reproductive Health, HIV and AIDS: Progress, Barriers and Opportunities for Scaling up. London, England: DFID; 2006.
17. Gounder CR, Chaisson RE. A diagonal approach to building primary healthcare systems in resource-limited settings: Women-centred integration of HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria, MCH and NCD initiatives. Trop Med Int Health. 2012;17: 1426-1431.
18. Church K, Wringe A, Fakudze P, et al. The relationship between service integration and client satisfaction: A mixed methods case study within HIV services in a high prevalence setting in Africa. AIDS Patient Care STDS. 2012;26: 662-673.
19. Kennedy CE, Spaulding AB, Brickley DB, et al. Linking sexual and reproductive health and HIV interventions: A systematic review. J Int AIDS Soc. 2010;13: 26.
20. Lindegren ML, Kennedy CE, Bain-Brickley D, Azman H, Creanga AA, Butler LM, Spaulding AB, Horvath T, Kennedy GE. Integration of HIV/AIDS services with maternal, neonatal and child health, nutrition, and family planning services. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012;9: CD010119.
21. Druce N, Nolan A. Seizing the big missed opportunity: Linking HIV and maternity care services in sub-Saharan Africa. Reprod Health Matters. 2007;15: 190-201.
22. WHO. Consolidated Guidelines on the Use of Antiretroviral Drugs for Treating and Preventing HIV Infection: Recommendations for a Public Health Approach. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO; 2013.
23. Vo BN, Cohen CR, Smith RM, et al. Patient satisfaction with integrated HIV and antenatal care services in rural Kenya. AIDS Care. 2012;24: 1442-1447.
24. Liambila W, Askew I, Mwangi J, et al. Feasibility and effectiveness of integrating provider-initiated testing and counselling within family planning services in Kenya. AIDS. 2009;23(suppl 1): S115-S121.
25. Church K, Mayhew SH. Integration of STI and HIV prevention, care, and treatment into family planning services: A review of the literature. Stud Fam Plann. 2009;40: 171-186.
26. Church K, Wringe A, Fakudze P, et al. Are integrated HIV services less stigmatizing than stand-alone models of care? A comparative case study from Swaziland. J Int AIDS Soc. 2013;16: 17981.
27. Shade SB, Kevany S, Onono M, et al. Cost, cost-efficiency and costeffectiveness of integrated family planning and HIV services. AIDS. 2013;27(suppl 1): S87-S92.
28. Sweeney S, Obure CD, Maier CB, et al. Costs and efficiency of integrating HIV/AIDS services with other health services: A systematic review of evidence and experience. Sex Transm Infect. 2012;88: 85-99.
29. Briggs CJ, Garner P. Strategies for integrating primary health services in middle-and low-income countries at the point of delivery. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2011; July 6 (7): CD003318.
30. Stover J, Dougherty L, Hamilton M. Are Cost Savings Incurred by Offering Family Planning Services at Emergency Plan HIV/AIDS Care and Treatment Facilities? Washington, DC: USAID; 2006.
31. Halperin DT, Stover J, Reynolds HW. Benefits and costs of expanding access to family planning programs to women living with HIV. AIDS. 2009;23(suppl 1): S123-S130.
32. Atun R, de Jongh T, Secci F, et al. A systematic review of the evidence on integration of targeted health interventions into health systems. Health Policy Plan. 2010;25: 1-14.
33. Shigayeva A, Atun R, McKee M, et al. Health systems, communicable diseases and integration. Health Policy Plan. 2010;25(suppl 1): 4-20.
34. Anderson S, Allen P, Peckham S, et al. Asking the right questions: Scoping studies in the commissioning of research on the organisation and delivery of health services. Health Res Policy Syst. 2008;6: 7.
35. Arksey H, O'Malley L. Scoping studies: Towards a methodological framework. Int J Soc Res Methodol. 2005;8: 19-32.
36. Daudt HM, van Mossel C, Scott SJ. Enhancing the scoping study methodology: A large, inter-professional team's experience with Arksey and O'Malley's framework. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2013;13: 48.
37. Levac D, Colquhoun H, O'Brien KK. Scoping studies: Advancing the methodology. Implement Sci. 2010;5: 69-69.
38. WHO. Systems Thinking for Health Systems Strengthening. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO; 2009.
39. Bärnighausen T, Bloom DE, Humair S. Health systems and HIV treatment in sub-Saharan Africa: Matching intervention and programme evaluation strategies. Sex Transm Infect. 2012;88: E2.
40. Gilson L, ed. Health Policy and Systems Research: A Reader. Geneva: Alliance for Health Policy and Systems Research, WHO; 2012.
41. Ragin CC. Using qualitative comparative analysis to study causal complexity. Health Serv Res. 1999;34(5 pt 2): 1225-1239.
42. Gilson L, Hanson K, Sheikh K, et al. Building the field of health policy and systems research: Social science matters. PLoS Med. 2011;8: E1001079.
43. Fitzgerald L. Case studies as a research tool. Qual Health Care. 1999;8: 75.
44. UNAIDS. 26th Meeting of the UNAIDS Programme Coordinating Board, Geneva, Switzerland 22-24 June 2010: UNAIDS/PCB(26). Geneva, Switzerland: UNAIDS; 2010.
45. University of California Sand Francisco. Integration for impact: Reproductive health and HIV services in sub-Saharan Africa. Paper presented at "Integration for Impact: Reproductive Health and HIV Services in sub-Saharan Africa"; September 12-14, 2012; Nairobi, Kenya.
46. WHO, UNPF, IPPF, UNAIDS, University of California San Francisco. Sexual and Reproductive Health and HIV Linkages: Evidence Review and Recommendations. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO; 2009.
47. Legido-Quigley H, Montgomery CM, Khan P, et al. Integrating tuberculosis and HIV services in low-and middle-income countries: A systematic review. Trop Med Int Health. 2013;18: 199-211.
48. United Nations Population Fund. Programme of action of the international conference on population and development. International conference on population and development. Vol A/CONF.171/13. Cairo, Egypt: United Nations Population Fund; 1994.
49. WHO. Strategic Approaches to the Prevention of HIV Infection in Infants: Report of a WHO Meeting, Morges, Switzerland, 20-22 March 2002. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO; 2002.
50. G8 Gleneagles. The Gleneagles Communiqué on Africa. Gleneagles, Scotland: G8 Gleneagles; 2005.
51. WHO, UNAIDS, UNICEF. Towards Universal Access: Scaling up Priority HIV/AIDS Interventions in the Health Sector. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO; 2008.
52. Global Fund. Scaling up Investments in Women and Children to Accelerate Progress Towards MDGs 4 and 5. Geneva, Switzerland: Global Fund; 2010.
53. Global Fund, International HIV/AIDS Alliance. Civil Society Success on the Ground. Community Systems Strengthening and Dual-Track Financing: Nine Illustrative Case Studies. Geneva, Switzerland: Global Fund; 2008.
54. PEPFAR. The U.S. President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief Five-Year Strategy. Washington, DC: PEPFAR; 2009.
55. UNAIDS. Global Plan Towards the Elimination of New HIV Infections Among Children by 2015 and Keeping Their Mothers Alive. Geneva, Switzerland: UNAIDS; 2011.
56. UNAIDS. UNAIDS 2011-2015 Strategy: Getting to Zero. Geneva, Switzerland: UNAIDS; 2011.
57. Global Fund, International HIV/AIDS Alliance. The Global Fund Strategy 2012-2016: Investing for Impact. Washington, DC: Global Fund; 2012.
58. UNICEF, Global Fund. Memorandum of Understanding: UNICEF and the Global Fund on AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria on Alignment of Maternal, Neonatal and Child Health Interventions. New York, NY: UNICEF, Global Fund; 2014.
59. Lush L, Cleland J, Walt G, et al. Integrating reproductive health: Myth and ideology. Bull World Health Organ. 1999;77: 771-777.
60. UNFPA. The Global Programme to Enhance Reproductive Health Commodity Supply: Annual Report 2012. New York, NY: United Nations Population Fund; 2012.
61. Fleischman J. Integrating Reproductive Health and HIV/AIDS Programs: Strategic Opportunities for PEPFAR. A Report of the CSIS Task Force on HIV/AIDS. Washington, DC: Center for Strategic and International Studies; 2006.
62. WHO. Guidelines on Infant Feeding and HIV. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO; 2010.
63. WHO. Antiretroviral Drugs for Treating Pregnant Women and Preventing HIV Infection in Infants: Towards Universal Access. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO; 2010.
64. Inter-Agency Working Group for SRH & HIV Linkages. Implementation of the rapid assessment tool. 2014. Available at: Http://srhhivlinkages.org/rapid-assessment-tool. Accessed May 4, 2014.
65. IPPF, UNFPA, WHO, UNAIDS, GNP+, ICW, Young Positives. Rapid Assessment Tool for Sexual & Reproductive Health and HIV Linkages: A Generic Guide. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO; 2009.
66. Oliff M, Mayaud P, Brugha R, et al. Integrating reproductive health services in a reforming health sector: The case of Tanzania. Reprod Health Matters. 2003;11: 37-48.
67. Pfeiffer J, Montoya P, Baptista AJ, et al. Integration of HIV/AIDS services into African primary health care: Lessons learned for health system strengthening in Mozambique: A case study. J Int AIDS Soc. 2010;13: 3.
68. Mutalemwa PP, Kisinza WN, Urassa JA, et al. Integrating reproductive and child health and HIV services in Tanzania: Implication to policy, systems and services. Tanzan J Health Res. 2013;15: 1-10.
69. Smit JA, Church K, Milford C, et al. Key informant perspectives on policy-and service-level challenges and opportunities for delivering integrated sexual and reproductive health and HIV care in South Africa. BMC Health Serv Res. 2012;12: 48.
70. Spaulding AB, Brickley DB, Kennedy C, et al. Linking family planning with HIV/AIDS interventions: A systematic review of the evidence. AIDS. 2009;23(suppl 1): 79-88.
71. Tudor Car L, Brusamento S, Elmoniry H, et al. The uptake of integrated perinatal prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission programs in low-and middle-income countries: A systematic review. PLoS ONE. 2013;8: E56550.
72. Johnson K, Varallyay I, Ametepi P. Integration of HIV and Family Planning Health Services in sub-Saharan Africa: A Review of the Literature, Current Recommendations and Evidence From the Service Provision Assessment Health Facility Surveys. Calverton, MD: ICF International; 2012.
73. Mayhew S. Integrating MCH/FP and STD/HIV services: Current debates and future directions. Health Policy Plan. 1996;11: 339-353.
74. Mayhew SH, Lush L, Cleland J, et al. Implementing the integration of component services for reproductive health. Stud Fam Plann. 2000;31: 151-162.
75. Wilcher R, Petruney T, Reynolds HW, et al. From effectiveness to impact: Contraception as an HIV prevention intervention. Sex Transm Infect. 2008;84(suppl 2): Ii54-ii60.
76. Adamchak S, Janowitz B, Liku J, et al. Study of Family Planning and HIV Integrated Services in Five Countries. Washington, DC: USAID, Family Health International; 2010.
77. Integra Initiative. Overview and Objectives. Available at: Www. integrainitiative.org. Accessed April 28, 2014.
78. UNAIDS, UNFPA. Southern Africa: Strengthening SRHR and HIV Linkages Between Policies, Systems and Services. New York, NY: UNAIDS, UNFPA; 2013.
79. Warren CE, Mayhew SH, Vassall A, et al. Study protocol for the Integra Initiative to assess the benefits and costs of integrating sexual and reproductive health and HIV services in Kenya and Swaziland. BMC Public Health. 2012;12: 973.
80. Republic of Kenya Ministry of Health. Kenya National AIDS Strategic Plan. Nairobi, Kenya: National AIDS Control Council; 2009.
81. Republic of Kenya Ministry of Health. Transforming Health: Accelerating Achievement of Health Goals: Health Sector Strategic and Investment Plan July 2013-June 2017. Nairobi, Kenya: Republic of Kenya; 2013.
82. Federal Government of Nigeria National Agency for Control of AIDS. National HIV/AIDS Strategic Plan 2010-2015. Abuja, Nigeria: Federal Government of Nigeria; 2010.
83. Tanzania Commission for AIDS (TACAIDS). Tanzania National Multisectoral HIV and AIDS Monitoring and Evaluation Plan 2010-2012. 2nd ed. Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: Tanzania Commission for AIDS; 2011.
84. United Republic of Tanzania. Country Progress Reporting (Part A: Tanzania Mainland). Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: Tanzania Commission for HIV and AIDS; 2012.
85. The United Republic of Tanzania. Tanzania Third National Multi-Sectoral Strategic Framework for HIV and AIDS 2013/14-2017/18. Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: Tanzania Commission for HIV and AIDS; 2013.
86. Republic of Rwanda National AIDS Control Commission. HIV/AIDS Treatment and Care Plan 2003-2007, June 2003. Kigali, Rwanda: Republic of Rwanda; 2003.
87. Government of Rwanda, Government of the United States of America. Partnership Framework for Cooperation in Response to the HIV/AIDS Epidemic in Rwanda 2009-2012. Kigali, Rwanda: Government of Rwanda, Government of the United States of America; 2009.
88. Republic of Rwanda Ministry of Health. Rwanda National Strategic Plan on HIV and AIDS 2009-2012. Kigali, Rwanda: Republic of Rwanda; 2009.
89. Ministerio de Saude de Moçambique. Estratégia de aceleração da prevenção da infeccção pelo HIV. Maputo, Mozambique: Ministerio de Saude de Moçambique; 2008.
90. Zaleski K. Leveraging Opportunities to Integrate Reproductive Health Services Into HIV and AIDS Programming. Integrated HIV and AIDS Response in Manica Province, Mozambique. London, England: Oxfam GB; 2009.
91. República de Moçambique Conselho de Ministros. Plano Estratégico Nacional de Resposta ao HIV e SIDA 2010-2014. Maputo, Mozambique: Republic of Mozambique; 2010.
92. FHI, USAID. Integrating Family Planning Into HIV Programs: Evidence-Based Practices. Washington, DC: USAID; 2013.
93. Government of Rwanda IPPF, UNAIDS, UNFPA, WHO. Linking Sexual and Reproductive Health and HIV. Gateways to Integration: A Case Study From Rwanda. London, England: WHO, UNFPA, UNAIDS, IPPF; 2013.
94. República de Moçambique Conselho de Ministros. Plan Estratégico Nacional de Resposta ao HIV e SIDA 2010-2014, (PEN III). Maputo, Mozambique: Republic of Mozambique; 2009.
95. Okundi B, Aloo-Obunga C, Sanders R, et al. Rapid Assessment on Policy and Operational Barriers to the Integration of FP/RH/HIV Services in Kenya. Washington, DC: Futures Group International; 2009.
96. WHO, USAID, Family Health International. Strategic Considerations for Strengthening the Linkages Between Family Planning and HIV/AIDS Policies, Programs and Services. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO; 2010.
97. Mutemwa R, Mayhew S, Colombini M, et al. Experiences of health care providers with integrated HIV and reproductive health services in Kenya: A qualitative study. BMC Health Serv Res. 2013;13: 18.
98. Grossman D, Onono M, Newmann SJ, et al. Integration of family planning services into HIV care and treatment in Kenya, 2013 and treatment in Kenya: A cluster-randomized trial. AIDS. 2013;27(suppl 1): S77-S85.
99. Chabikuli NO, Awi DD, Chukwujekwu O, et al. The use of routine monitoring and evaluation systems to assess a referral model of family planning and HIV service integration in Nigeria. AIDS. 2009;23(suppl 1): S97-S103.
100. Geelhoed D, Lafort Y, Chissale E, et al. Integrated maternal and child health services in Mozambique: Structural health system limitations overshadow its effect on follow-up of HIV-exposed infants. BMC Health Serv Res. 2013;13: 207.
101. USAID. Family Planning and HIV Integration Profile: Nigeria. Washington, DC: USAID; 2011.
102. Global HIV/AIDS Initiative Nigeria. GHAIN support to RH-HIV integration in Nigeria. End of project monograph: Family Health International 2012. Available at: Http://www.fhi360.org/sites/default/files/media/documents/GHAIN%20support%20to%20reproductive%20health-HIV% 20integration.pdf. Accessed March 25, 2014.
103. Republic of Mozambique National AIDS Council. Global AIDS Response Progress Report for the Period 2010-2011. Maputo, Mozambique: Republic of Mozambique; 2012.
104. USAID. USAID Evaluation Policy 2011. Evaluation: Learning From Experience. Washington, DC: USAID; 2011.
105. Gilson L, Erasmus E, Borghi J, et al. Using stakeholder analysis to support moves towards universal coverage: Lessons from the SHIELD project. Health Policy Plan. 2012;27(suppl 1): 64-76.
106. Chukwujekwu O, Chabikuli NO, Merrigan M, et al. Integrating reproductive health and HIV indicators into the Nigerian health system-building an evidence base for action. Afr J Reprod Health. 2010;14: 109-116.
107. Petruney T. Integrating Family Planning Into HIV Programs. Available at: Http://prezi.com/mwk7mypyw9q7/integrating-family-planning-intohiv-programs/. Accessed May 4, 2014.
108. Simba D, Kamwela J, Mpembeni R, et al. The impact of scaling-up prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV infection on the human resource requirement: The need to go beyond numbers. Int J Health Plann Manage. 2010;25: 17-29.
109. Van Damme W, Kober K, Kegels G. Scaling-up antiretroviral treatment in Southern African countries with human resource shortage: How will health systems adapt? Soc Sci Med. 2008;66: 2108-2121.
110. Zachariah R, Ford N, Philips M, et al. Task shifting in HIV/AIDS: Opportunities, challenges and proposed actions for sub-Saharan Africa. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2009;103: 549-558.
111. Kawonga M, Blaauw D, Fonn S. Aligning vertical interventions to health systems: A case study of the HIV monitoring and evaluation system in South Africa. Health Res Policy Syst. 2012;10: 2.
112. PEPFAR. Quality Strategy, Phase I: Institutionalization of Countries' Ability to Improve HIV Clinical Programs. Washington, DC: PEPFAR; 2014.
113. Leutz WN. Five laws for integrating medical and social services: Lessons from the United States and the United Kingdom. Milbank Q. 1999; 77: 77-110, iv-v.
114. Ross DA, South A, Weller I, et al. HIV treatment and care systems: The way forward. AIDS. 2012;26(suppl 2): S147-S152.
115. Vassall A, Compernolle P. Estimating the resource needs of scaling-up HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis interventions in sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review for national policy makers and planners. Health Policy. 2006;79: 1-15.
116. Kendall T, Danel I, Cooper D, et al. Eliminating preventable HIV-related maternal mortality in sub-Saharan Africa: What do we need to know? J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2014;67(suppl 4): S250-S258.
117. Anand S, Bärnighausen T. Health workers at the core of the health system: Framework and research issues. Health Policy. 2012;105: 185-191.