Barotropic and baroclinic contributions to along-stream and across-stream transport in the Antarctic Circumpolar Current

Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans

Volumn 119, Issue 11, 2014, Pages 8011-8028

  Pena Molino, B ^a   Rintoul, S R ^a,b,c   Mazloff, M R ^d  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TASMANIA   (Australia)

^b CSIRO   (Australia)

^c BUREAU OF METEOROLOGY   (Australia)

^d UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

ACC; along stream; baroclinic; barotropic; transport

Indexed keywords

BAROCLINIC MOTION; BAROTROPIC MOTION; HEAT TRANSFER; MASS TRANSPORT; MOMENTUM; TRACER; ZONAL FLOW;

ANTARCTIC CIRCUMPOLAR CURRENT; SOUTHERN OCEAN;

EID: 84915746104     PISSN: 21699275     EISSN: 21699291     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/2014JC010020     Document Type: Article

References (58)

1. Adcroft, A., C. Hill, and, A. J. Marshall, (1997), Representation of topography by shaved cells in a height coordinate ocean model, Monthly Weather Rev., 125 (9), 2293-2315.
2. Bryden, H. L., (1976), Horizontal advection of temperature for low-frequency motions, Deep Sea Res. Oceanogr. Abstr., 23 (12), 1165-1174.
3. Chereskin, T. K., K. A. Donohue, D. R. Watts, K. L. Tracey, Y. L. Firing, and, A. L. Cutting, (2009), Strong bottom currents and cyclogenesis in Drake Passage, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L23602, doi: 10.1029/2009GL040940.
4. Cunningham, S. A., S. G. Alderson, and, B. A. King, (2003), Transport and variability of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current in Drake Passage, J. Geophys. Res., 108 (C5), 8084, doi: 10.1029/2001JC001147.
5. Donohue, K. A., E. Firing, and, S. Chen, (2001), Absolute geostrophic velocity within the Subantarctic Front in the pacific ocean, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 19,869-19,882, doi: 10.1029/2000JC000293.
6. Doos, K., and, D. J. Webb, (1994), The Deacon Cell and the other meridional cells of the Southern Ocean, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 24, 429-442.
7. Dufour, C. O., J. Le Sommer, J. D. Zika, M. Gehlen, J. C. Orr, P. Mathiot, and, B. Barnier, (2012), Standing and transient eddies in the response of the Southern Ocean Meridional Overturning to the Southern Annular Mode, J. Clim., 25 (20), 6958-6974.
8. Ferrari, R., and, M. Nikurashin, (2010), Suppression of eddy diffusivity across jets in the Southern Ocean, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 40, 1501-1519.
9. Ferrari, R., C. Provost, A. Renault, N. Sennéchael, N. Barré, Y.-H. Park, and, J. H. Lee, (2012), Circulation in Drake Passage revisited using new current time series and satellite altimetry. 1: The Yaghan basin, J. Geophys. Res., 117, C12024, doi: 10.1029/2012JC008264.
10. Firing, Y. L., T. K. Chereskin, and, M. R. Mazloff, (2011), Vertical structure and transport of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current in Drake Passage from direct velocity observations, J. Geophys. Res., 116, C08015, doi: 10.1029/2011JC006999.
11. Forget, G., B. Ferron, and, H. Mercier, (2008), Combining Argo profiles with a general circulation model in the north Atlantic. Part 1: Estimation of hydrographic and circulation anomalies from synthetic profiles, over a year, Ocean Modell., 20 (1), 1-16.
12. Gille, S. T., (1997), The Southern Ocean momentum balance: Evidence for topographic effects from numerical model output and altimeter data, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 27, 2219-2232.
13. Gille, S. T., (2003), Float observations of the Southern Ocean. Part I: Estimating mean fields, bottom velocities, and topographic steering, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 33, 1167-1181.
14. Griesel, A., M. R. Mazloff, and, S. T. Gille, (2012), Mean dynamic topography in the Southern Ocean: Evaluating Antarctic Circumpolar Current transport, J. Geophys. Res., 117, C01020, doi: 10.1029/2011JC007573.
15. Hughes, C. W., (2005), Nonlinear vorticity balance of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, J. Geophys. Res., 110, C11008, doi: 10.1029/2004JC002753.
16. Hughes, C. W., M. P. Meredith, and, K. J. Heywood, (1999), Wind-driven transport fluctuations through Drake Passage: A Southern Mode, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 29, 1971-1992.
17. Ivchenko, V. O., A. E. Krupitsky, V. M. Kamenkovich, and, N. C. Wells, (1999), Modeling the Antarctic Circumpolar Current: A comparison of FRAM and equivalent barotropic results, J. Mar. Res., 57, 29-45.
18. Karsten, R. H., and, J. Marshall, (2002), Testing theories of the vertical stratification of the ACC against observations, Dyn. Atmos. Oceans, 36, 233-246.
19. Killworth, P. D., (1992), An equivalent-barotropic mode in the Fine Resolution Antarctic Model, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 22, 1379-1387.
20. Killworth, P. D., and, C. W. Hughes, (2002), The Antarctic Circumpolar Current as a free equivalent-barotropic jet, J. Mar. Res., 60, 19-45.
21. Krupitsky, A., V. M. Kamenkovich, N. Naik, and, M. A. Cane, (1996), A linear equivalent barotropic model of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current with realistic coastlines and bottom topography, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 26, 1803-1824.
22. Marshall, D., (1995), Topographic steering of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 25, 1636-1650, doi: 10.1175/1520-0485(1995)025.
23. Marshall, J., D. Olbers, H. Ross, and, D. Wolf-Gladrow, (1993), Potential vorticity constraints on the dynamics and hydrography of the Southern Ocean, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 23, 465-487.
24. Marshall, J., A. Adcroft, C. Hill, L. Perelman, and, C. Heisey, (1997), A finite-volume, incompressible Navier Stokes model for studies of the ocean on parallel computers, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 5753-5766, doi: 10.1029/96JC02775.
25. Mazloff, M. R., P. Heimback, and, C. Wunsch, (2010), An eddy-permitting Southern Ocean State Estimate, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 40, 880-899.
26. Mazloff, M. R., R. Ferrari, and, T. Schneider, (2013), The force balance of the Southern Ocean Meridional Overturning Circulation, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 43 (6), 1193-1208.
27. Meijers, A. J. S., N. L. Bindoff, and, S. R. Rintoul, (2011), Estimating the four-dimensional structure of the Southern Ocean using satellite altimetry, J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 28, 548-568, doi: 10.1175/2010JTECHO790.1.
28. Moore, J. K., M. R. Abbott, and, J. G. Richman, (1999), Location and dynamics of the Antarctic Polar Front from satellite sea surface temperature data, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 3059-3073.
29. Munk, W. H., and, E. Palmén, (1951), Note on the dynamics of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, Tellus, 3, 53-55.
30. Nadeau, L-P., and, D. N. Straub, (2012), Influence of wind stress, wind stress curl, and bottom friction on the transport of a model Antarctic Circumpolar Current, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 42, 207-222.
31. Naveira Garabato, A. C., R. Ferrari, and, K. L. Polzin, (2011), Eddy stirring in the Southern Ocean, J. Geophys. Res., 116, C09019, doi: 10.1029/2010JC006818.
32. Nikurashin, M., and, R. Ferrari, (2011), Global energy conversion rate from geostrophic flows into internal lee waves in the deep ocean, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L08610, doi: 10.1029/2011GL046576.
33. Olbers, D., and, C. Eden, (2003), A simplified general circulation model for Baroclinic Ocean with topography. Part I: Theory, waves and wind-driven circulations, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 33, 2719-2737.
34. Olbers, D., D. Borowski, C. Vöelker, and, J.-O. Wolff, (2004), The dynamical balance, transport and circulation of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, Antarct. Sci., 16 (4), 439-470.
35. Orsi, A. H., T. Whitworth, and, W. D. Nowlin, (1995), On the meridional extent and fronts of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, Deep Sea Res., Part I, 42 (5), 641-673.
36. Park, Y.-H., F. Vivier, F. Roquet, and, E. Kestenare, (2009), Direct observations of the ACC transport across the Kerguelen Plateau, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L18603, doi: 10.1029/2009GL039617.
37. Phillips, H. E., and, S. R. Rintoul, (2000), Eddy variability and energetics from direct current measurements in the Antarctic Circumpolar Current south of Australia, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 30, 3050-3077.
38. Phillips, H. E., and, S. R. Rintoul, (2002), A mean synoptic view of the Subantarctic Front south of Australia, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 32, 1536-1553.
39. Phillips, H. E., and, N. L. Bindoff, (2014), On the non-equivalent barotropic structure of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current: An observational perspective, J. Geophys. Res. Oceans, 119, 5221-5243, doi: 10.1002/2013JC009516.
40. Rhines, P., (1970), Edge-, bottom-, and Rossby waves in a rotating stratified fluid, Geophys. Fluid Dyn., 1, 273-302.
41. Rintoul, S. R., and, S. Sokolov, (2001), Baroclinic transport variability of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current south of Australia (woce repeat section sr3), J. Geophys. Res., 106, 2815-2832, doi: 10.1029/2000JC900107.
42. Rintoul, S. R., S. Sokolov, M. J. M. Williams, B. Peña Molino, M. Rosenberg, and, N. L. Bindoff, (2014), Antarctic Circumpolar Current transport and barotropic transition at Macquarie Ridge, Geophys. Res. Lett., doi: 10.1002/2014GL061880, in press.
43. Roquet, F., Y.-H. Park, C. Guinet, F. Bailleul, and, J.-B. Charrassin, (2009), Observations of the Fawn Trough current over the Kerguelen Plateau from instrumented elephant seals, J. Mar. Syst., 78, 377-393.
44. Sekma, H., Y.-H. Park, and, F. Vivier, (2013), Time-mean flow as the prevailing contribution to the poleward heat flux across the southern flank of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current: A case study in the Fawn Trough, Kerguelen Plateau, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 43 (3), 583-601.
45. Smith, I. J., D. P. Stevens, K. J. Heywood, and, M. P. Meredith, (2010), The flow of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current over the North Scotia Ridge, Deep Sea Res., Part I, 57, 14-28, doi: 10.1016/j.dsr.2009.10.010.
46. Sokolov, S., and, S. R. Rintoul, (2007), Multiple jets of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current south of Australia, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 37, 1394-1412.
47. Sokolov, S., and, S. R. Rintoul, (2009), Circumpolar structure and distribution of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current fronts. 1: Mean circumpolar paths, J. Geophys. Res., 114, C11018, doi: 10.1029/2008JC005108.
48. Speer, K., S. R. Rintoul, and, B. Sloyan, (2000), The Diabatic Deacon cell, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 30 (12), 3212-3222.
49. Sun, C., and, D. R. Watts, (2001), A circumpolar gravest empirical mode for the Southern Ocean hydrography, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 2833-2855, doi: 10.1029/2000JC900112.
50. Swart, S., S. Speich, I. J. Ansorge, G. J. Goni, S. Gladyshev, and, J. R. Lutjeharms, (2008), Transport and variability of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current south of Africa, J. Geophys. Res., 113, C09014, doi: 10.1029/2007JC004223.
51. Thompson, A. F., (2010), Jet formation and evolution in baroclinic turbulence with simple topography, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 40, 257-278.
52. Thompson, A. F., and, J.-B. Sallée, (2012), Jets and topography: Jet transitions and the impact on transport in the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 42 (6), 956-972.
53. Thompson, A. F., and, A. C. Naveira Garabato, (2014), Equilibration of the Antarctic circumpolar current by standing meanders, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 44, 1811-1828.
54. Tracey, K., D. Watts, C. Meinen, and, D. Luther, (2006), Synoptic maps of temperature and velocity within the Subantarctic Front south of Australia, J. Geophys. Res., 111, C10016, doi: 10.1029/2005JC002905.
55. Viebahn, J., and, C. Eden, (2012), Standing eddies in the Meridional Overturning Circulation, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 42, 1486-1508.
56. Wells, N., and, B. De Cuevas, (1995), Depth-integrated vorticity budget of the southern ocean from a general circulation model, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 25 (11), 2569-2582.
57. Whitworth, T., III, and, R. Peterson, (1985), Volume transport of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current from bottom pressure measurements, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 15 (6), 810-816.
58. Zika, J. D., et al. (2013), Vertical eddy fluxes in the Southern Ocean, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 43 (5), 41-955.