Finding cultural holes: How structure and culture diverge in networks of scholarly communication

Sociological Science

Volumn 1, Issue , 2014, Pages 221-238

  Vilhena, Daril A ^a   Foster, Jacob G ^b   Rosvall, Martin ^c   West, Jevin D ^a   Evans, James ^d   Bergstroma, Carl T ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^c UMEÅ UNIVERSITY   (Sweden)

^d UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO   (United States)

Author keywords

Complex networks; Content analysis; Cultural holes; Information theory; Jargon; Scholarly communication

Indexed keywords

EID: 84914156080     PISSN: None     EISSN: 23306696     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.15195/v1.a15     Document Type: Article

References (51)

1. Bail, Christopher A. 2014. "The Cultural Environment: Measuring Culture with Big Data." Theory and Society 43. http://link.springer.com/article/10. 1007/s11186-014-9216-5/fulltext.html.
2. Bearman, Peter and Paolo Parigi. 2004. "Cloning Headless Frogs and Other Important Matters: Conversation Topics and Network Structure." Social Forces 83:535-57. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1353/sof.2005.0001.
3. Bernstein, Basil. 1964. "Elaborated and Restricted Codes: Their Social Origins and Some Consequences." American Anthropologist 66:55-69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/ aa.1964.66.suppl_3.02a00030.
4. Bischof, Nicole and Martin J. Eppler. 2010. "Clarity in Knowledge Communication." In Proceedings of the Tenth International Knowledge Management Conference IKnow, volume 10, pp. 162-174. Verlag der Technischen Universität.
5. Borg, Ingwer and Patrick J. F. Groenen. 2005. Modern Multidimensional Scaling: Theory and Applications. New York: Springer.
6. Bourdieu, Pierre and John B. Thompson. 1991. Language and Symbolic Power. Cambridge MA: Harvard University Press.
7. Boyack, Kevin W., Richard Klavans, and Katy Börner. 2005. "Mapping the Backbone of Science." Scientometrics 64:351-74. http://dx. doi.org/10.1007/s11192--005--0255--6.
8. Burt, Ronald S. 1992. Structural Holes: The Social Structure of Competition. Cambridge MA: Harvard University Press.
9. Ceccarelli, Leah. 2001. Shaping Science with Rhetoric: The Cases of Dobzhansky, Schrodinger, and Wilson. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. http://dx.doi.org/10. 7208/chicago/9780226099088.001.0001.
10. Coleman, Hywel. 1985. "Talking Shop: An Overview of Language and Work." International Journal of the Sociology of Language 1985:105-30. http://dx.doi.org/10. 1515/ijsl.1985.51.105.
11. Cover, Thomas M. and Joy A. Thomas. 2006. Elements of Information Theory. Hoboken: Wiley-Interscience.
12. de Condillac, E. B. 1782. Cours d'étude pour l'instruction du Prince de Parme. Paris: Houel.
13. de Solla Price, D. J. 1965. "Networks of Scientific Papers." Science 149:510-15. http://dx.doi. org/10.1126/science.149.3683.510.
14. Erickson, Bonnie H. 1996. "Culture, Class, and Connections." American Journal of Sociology 102:217-51. http://dx.doi.org/10. 1086/230912.
15. Erosheva, Elena, Stephen Fienberg, and John Lafferty. 2004. "Mixed-Membership Models of Scientific Publications." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 101:5220-27. http: //dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0307760101.
16. Evans, James A. and Jacob G. Foster. 2011. "Metaknowledge." Science 331:721-25. http: //dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1201765.
17. Fawcett, Tim W. and Andrew D. Higginson. 2012. "Heavy Use of Equations Impedes Communication among Biologists." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 109:11735-39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/ pnas.1205259109.
18. Feldman, Robin. 2008. "Plain Language Patents." SSRN Scholarly Paper ID 1731651, Social Science Research Network, Rochester, NY.
19. Fortunato, Santo. 2010. "Community Detection in Graphs." Physics Reports 486:75-174. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j. physrep.2009.11.002.
20. Friedland, Roger. 2009. "The Endless Fields of Pierre Bourdieu." Organization 16:887-917.
21. Garfinkel, Harold. 1991. Studies in Ethnomethodology. Hoboken NJ: John Wiley.
22. Gerrish, Sean and David M. Blei. 2010. "A Language-Based Approach to Measuring Scholarly Impact." In Proceedings of the 26th International Conference on Machine Learning, June 21-24, pp. 375-382.
23. Han, Shin-Kap. 2003. "Unraveling the Brow: What and How of Choice in Musical Preference." Sociological Perspectives 46:435-459. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/sop.2003.46.4.435.
24. Holmes, Janet and Miriam Meyerhoff. 1999. "The Community of Practice: Theories and Methodologies in Language and Gender Research." Language in Society 28:173-83. http://dx. doi.org/10.1017/S004740459900202X.
25. Homans, George Caspar. 1961. Social Behavior: Its Elementary Forms. New York: Harcourt, Brace and World, Inc.
26. Jelinek, Fred. 1991. "Up from Trigrams." In Proceedings of Second European Conference on Speech Communication and Technology, EUROSPEECH, volume 91, pp. 1037-40. Genova, Italy: September 24-26.
27. Kemp, Charles and Terry Regier. 2012. "Kinship Categories across Languages Reflect General Communicative Principles." Science 336:1049-54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/ science.1218811.
28. Knorr-Cetina, K. 1999. Epistemic Cultures: How the Sciences Make Knowledge. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
29. Kullback, Solomon and Richard A Leibler. 1951. "On Information and Sufficiency." Annals of Mathematical Statistics 22:79-86. http://dx. doi.org/10.1214/aoms/1177729694.
30. Lancichinetti, Andrea and Santo Fortunato. "Community Detection Algorithms: A Comparative Analysis." Physical Review E 80:056117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/ PhysRevE.80.056117.
31. Landauer, Thomas K., Darrell Laham, and Marcia Derr. 2004. "From Paragraph to Graph: Latent Semantic Analysis for Information Visualization." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 101:5214-19. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1073/pnas.0400341101.
32. Leydesdorff, Loet and Ismael Rafols. 2008. "A Global Map of Science Based on the ISI Subject Categories." Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology 60:348-62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ asi.20967.
33. Livne, Avishay, Matthew P. Simmons, Eytan Adar, and Lada A. Adamic. 2011. "The Party Is Over Here: Structure and Content in the 2010 Election." In Proceedings of 5th International AAAI Conference on Weblogs and Social Media. Barcelona, Spain.
34. Lizardo, Omar. 2006. "How Cultural Tastes Shape Personal Networks." American Sociological Review 71:778-807. http://dx.doi.org/10. 1177/000312240607100504.
35. Manning, Christopher D., Prabhakar Raghavan, and Hinrich Schütze. 2008. Introduction to Information Retrieval, volume 1. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
36. Moody, James and Ryan Light. 2006. "A View from Above: The Evolving Sociological Landscape." American Sociologist 37:67-86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/ s12108--006--1006--8.
37. Pachucki, Mark A. and Ronald L. Breiger. 2010. "Cultural Holes: Beyond Relationality in Social Networks and Culture." Annual Review of Sociology 36:205-24. http://dx.doi.org/10. 1146/annurev.soc.012809.102615.
38. Reach, G. 2009. "Linguistic Barriers in Diabetes Care." Diabetologia 52:1461-63. http://dx. doi.org/10.1007/s00125--009--1404--x.
39. Richardson, Matthew L. 2010. "Publishing Scientific Outreach Materials in Educational and Social Science Journals." American Entomologist 56:11-13.
40. Rosvall, Martin and Carl T. Bergstrom. 2008. "Maps of Random Walks on Complex Networks Reveal Community Structure." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 105:1118-23. http://dx.doi.org/10. 1073/pnas.0706851105.
41. Shannon, Claude E. 1948. "The Mathematical Theory of Communication." The Bell Systems Technical Journal 27:379-423, 623-56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j. 1538--7305.1948.tb01338.x.
42. Small, Henry. 1999. "Visualizing Science by Citation Mapping." Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology 50:799-813. http://dx.doi. org/10.1002/(SICI)1097--4571(1999)50: 9%3C799::AID--ASI9%3E3.0.CO;2--G.
43. Snow, C. P. and Stefan Collini. 2012. The Two Cultures. Cambridge MA: Cambridge University Press.
44. Sokal, Allan and Jean Bricmont. 1998. Fashionable Nonsense: Postmodern Intellectuals' Abuse of Science. London: Picador.
45. Sokal, Robert R. 1958. "A Statistical Method for Evaluating Systematic Relationships." University of Kansas Scientific Bulletin 38:1409-38.
46. Sonnett, John. 2004. "Musical Boundaries: Intersections of Form and Content." Poetics 32:247-64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/ j.poetic.2004.05.007.
47. Tavory, Iddo and Ann Swidler. 2009. "Condom Semiotics: Meaning and Condom Use in Rural Malawi." American Sociological Review 74:171-89. http://dx.doi.org/10. 1177/000312240907400201.
48. Vaisey, Stephen and Omar Lizardo. 2010. "Can Cultural Worldviews Influence Network Composition?" Social Forces 88:1595-1618. http: //dx.doi.org/10.1353/sof.2010.0009.
49. Xiao, Zhixing and Anne S. Tsui. 2007. "When Brokers May Not Work: The Cultural Contingency of Social Capital in Chinese High-Tech Firms." Administrative Science Quarterly 52:1-31. http://dx/doi.org/10.2189/asqu.52.1.
50. Zipf, George K. 1935. The Psycho-biology of Language. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin.
51. Zipf, George K. 1949. Human Behavior and the Principle of Least Effort. Cambridge, MA: Addison-Wesley.