Rotavirus vaccines in routine use

Clinical Infectious Diseases

Volumn 59, Issue 9, 2014, Pages 1291-1301

  Tate, Jacqueline E ^a   Parashar, Umesh D ^a  

^a NATIONAL CENTER FOR IMMUNIZATION AND RESPIRATORY DISEASES   (United States)

Author keywords

rotavirus; rotavirus vaccine

Indexed keywords

INACTIVATED VACCINE; ROTAVIRUS VACCINE;

ARTICLE; CLINICAL EFFECTIVENESS; CLINICAL TRIAL (TOPIC); DEATH; DIARRHEA; DRUG USE; HOSPITALIZATION; HUMAN; IMMUNIZATION; INCOME; MORBIDITY; MORTALITY; NONHUMAN; RISK BENEFIT ANALYSIS; ROTAVIRUS; ROTAVIRUS GASTROENTERITIS; VACCINATION; VIRAL GASTROENTERITIS; INFANT; NEWBORN; PRESCHOOL CHILD; RISK ASSESSMENT; ROTAVIRUS INFECTIONS; STATISTICS AND NUMERICAL DATA;

CHILD, PRESCHOOL; DIARRHEA; HOSPITALIZATION; HUMANS; INFANT; INFANT, NEWBORN; RISK ASSESSMENT; ROTAVIRUS; ROTAVIRUS INFECTIONS; ROTAVIRUS VACCINES;

EID: 84913584504     PISSN: 10584838     EISSN: 15376591     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciu564     Document Type: Article

References (123)

1. Tate JE, Burton AH, Boschi-Pinto C, et al. 2008 Estimate of worldwide rotavirus-associated mortality in children younger than 5 years before the introduction of universal rotavirus vaccination programmes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Infect Dis 2012; 12:136-41.
2. Parashar UD, Burton A, Lanata C, et al. Global mortality associated with rotavirus disease among children in 2004. J Infect Dis 2009; 200(suppl 1):S9-15.
3. Parashar UD, Hummelman EG, Bresee JS, Miller MA, Glass RI. Global illness and deaths caused by rotavirus disease in children. Emerg Infect Dis 2003; 9:565-72.
4. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Withdrawal of rotavirus vaccine recommendation. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 1999; 48:1007.
5. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Intussusception among recipients of rotavirus vaccine-United States, 1998-1999. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 1999; 48:577-81.
6. Peter G, Myers MG, National Vaccine Advisory Committee, National Vaccine Program Office. Intussusception, rotavirus, and oral vaccines: summary of a workshop. Pediatrics 2002; 110:e67.
7. Ruiz-Palacios GM, Perez-Schael I, Velazquez FR, et al. Safety and efficacy of an attenuated vaccine against severe rotavirus gastroenteritis. N Engl J Med 2006; 354:11-22.
8. Vesikari T, Matson DO, Dennehy P, et al. Safety and efficacy of a pentavalent human-bovine (WC3) reassortant rotavirus vaccine. N Engl J Med 2006; 354:23-33.
9. World Bank. Country and lending groups. Available at: http://data. worldbank.org/about/country-and-lending-groups. Accessed 27 June 2014.
10. PATH. Country introductions of rotavirus vaccines. Available at: http://sites.path.org/rotavirusvaccine/rotavirus-advocacy-andcommunications-toolkit/country-introduction-maps-and-list/. Accessed 27 June 2014.
11. Vesikari T, Karvonen A, Prymula R, et al. Efficacy of human rotavirus vaccine against rotavirus gastroenteritis during the first 2 years of life in European infants: randomised, double-blind controlled study. Lancet 2007; 370:1757-63.
12. Vesikari T, Karvonen A, Ferrante SA, Ciarlet M. Efficacy of the pentavalent rotavirus vaccine, RotaTeq(R), in Finnish infants up to 3 years of age: the Finnish Extension Study. Eur J Pediatr 2010; 169:1379-86.
13. Kawamura N, Tokoeda Y, Oshima M, et al. Efficacy, safety and immunogenicity of RIX4414 in Japanese infants during the first two years of life. Vaccine 2011; 29:6335-41.
14. Linhares AC, Velazquez FR, Perez-Schael I, et al. Efficacy and safety of an oral live attenuated human rotavirus vaccine against rotavirus gastroenteritis during the first 2 years of life in Latin American infants: Randomised double-blind placebo-controlled phase III study. Lancet 2008; 371:1181-9.
15. Phua KB, Lim FS, Lau YL, et al. Safety and efficacy of human rotavirus vaccine during the first 2 years of life in Asian infants: randomised, double-blind, controlled study. Vaccine 2009; 27:5936-41.
16. Conclusions and recommendations from the Immunization Strategic Advisory Group. Wkly Epidemiol Rec 2006; 81:2-11.
17. Hanlon P, Hanlon L, Marsh V, et al. Trial of an attenuated bovine rotavirus vaccine (RIT 4237) in Gambian infants. Lancet 1987; 1:1342-5.
18. De Mol P, Zissis G, Butzler JP, Mutwewingabo A, Andre FE. Failure of live, attenuated oral rotavirus vaccine. Lancet 1986; 2:108.
19. Lanata CF, Black RE, del Aguila R, et al. Protection of Peruvian children against rotavirus diarrhea of specific serotypes by one, two, or three doses of the RIT 4237 attenuated bovine rotavirus vaccine. J Infect Dis 1989; 159:452-9.
20. Georges-Courbot MC, Monges J, Siopathis MR, et al. Evaluation of the efficacy of a low-passage bovine rotavirus (strain WC3) vaccine in children in Central Africa. Res Virol 1991; 142:405-11.
21. John TJ. Antibody response of infants in tropics to five doses of oral polio vaccine. Br Med J 1976; 1:812.
22. John TJ, Jayabal P. Oral polio vaccination of children in the tropics. I. The poor seroconversion rates and the absence of viral interference. Am J Epidemiol 1972; 96:263-9.
23. Patriarca PA, Wright PF, John TJ. Factors affecting the immunogenicity of oral poliovirus vaccine in developing countries: review. Rev Infect Dis 1991; 13:926-39.
24. Suharyono, Simanjuntak C, Witham N, et al. Safety and immunogenicity of single-dose live oral cholera vaccine CVD 103-HgR in 5-9-year-old Indonesian children. Lancet 1992; 340:689-94.
25. Gotuzzo E, Butron B, Seas C, et al. Safety, immunogenicity, and excretion pattern of single-dose live oral cholera vaccine CVD 103-HgR in Peruvian adults of high and low socioeconomic levels. Infect Immun 1993; 61:3994-7.
26. Linhares AC, Gabbay YB, Mascarenhas JD, et al. Immunogenicity, safety and efficacy of tetravalent rhesus-human, reassortant rotavirus vaccine in Belem, Brazil. Bull World Health Organ 1996; 74:491-500.
27. Glass RI, Parashar UD, Bresee JS, et al. Rotavirus vaccines: current prospects and future challenges. Lancet 2006; 368:323-32.
28. Madhi SA, Cunliffe NA, Steele D, et al. Effect of human rotavirus vaccine on severe diarrhea in African infants. N Engl J Med 2010; 362:289-98.
29. Armah GE, Sow SO, Breiman RF, et al. Efficacy of pentavalent rotavirus vaccine against severe rotavirus gastroenteritis in infants in developing countries in sub-Saharan Africa: a randomised, doubleblind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 2010; 376:606-14.
30. Zaman K, Dang DA, Victor JC, et al. Efficacy of pentavalent rotavirus vaccine against severe rotavirus gastroenteritis in infants in developing countries in Asia: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 2010; 376:615-23.
31. Madhi SA, Kirsten M, Louw C, et al. Efficacy and immunogenicity of two or three dose rotavirus-vaccine regimen in South African children over two consecutive rotavirus-seasons: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Vaccine 2012; 30(suppl 1):A44-51.
32. Gessner BD, Feikin DR. Vaccine preventable disease incidence as a complement to vaccine efficacy for setting vaccine policy. Vaccine 2014; 32:3133-8.
33. Rotavirus vaccines: an update. Wkly Epidemiol Rec 2009; 84:533-40.
34. Meeting of the Strategic Advisory Group of Experts on immunization, October 2009-conclusions and recommendations. Wkly Epidemiol Rec 2009; 84:517-32.
35. Meeting of the immunization Strategic Advisory Group of Experts, April 2009-conclusions and recommendations. Wkly Epidemiol Rec 2009; 84:220-36.
36. Yen C, Tate JE, Wenk JD, Harris JM II, Parashar UD. Diarrheaassociated hospitalizations among US children over 2 rotavirus seasons after vaccine introduction. Pediatrics 2011; 127:e9-15.
37. Cortese MM, Tate JE, Simonsen L, Edelman L, Parashar UD. Reduction in gastroenteritis in United States children and correlation with early rotavirus vaccine uptake from national medical claims databases. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2010; 29:489-94.
38. Cortes JE, Curns AT, Tate JE, et al. Rotavirus vaccine and health care utilization for diarrhea in U.S. children. N Engl J Med 2011; 365: 1108-17.
39. Custodio H, Masnita-Iusan C, Wludyka P, Rathore MH. Change in rotavirus epidemiology in northeast Florida after the introduction of rotavirus vaccine. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2010; 29:766-7.
40. Eberly MD, Gorman GH, Eide MB, Olsen CH, Rajnik M. The effect of rotavirus immunization on rotavirus gastroenteritis hospitalization rates in military dependents. Vaccine 2011; 29:650-9.
41. Begue RE, Perrin K. Reduction in gastroenteritis with the use of pentavalent rotavirus vaccine in a primary practice. Pediatrics 2010; 126: e40-5.
42. Lopman BA, Curns AT, Yen C, Parashar UD. Infant rotavirus vaccination may provide indirect protection to older children and adults in the United States. J Infect Dis 2011; 204:980-6.
43. Gastanaduy PA, Curns AT, Parashar UD, Lopman BA. Gastroenteritis hospitalizations in older children and adults in the United States before and after implementation of infant rotavirus vaccination. JAMA 2013; 310:851-3.
44. Tate JE, Haynes A, Payne DC, et al. Trends in national rotavirus activity before and after introduction of rotavirus vaccine into the national immunization program in the United States, 2000 to 2012. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2013; 32:741-4.
45. Desai R, Curns AT, Steiner CA, Tate JE, Patel MM, Parashar UD. Allcause gastroenteritis and rotavirus-coded hospitalizations among US children, 2000-2009. Clin Infect Dis 2012; 55:e28-34.
46. Paulke-Korinek M, Rendi-Wagner P, Kundi M, Kronik R, Kollaritsch H. Universal mass vaccination against rotavirus gastroenteritis: impact on hospitalization rates in Austrian children. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2010; 29:319-23.
47. Paulke-Korinek M, Kundi M, Rendi-Wagner P, et al. Herd immunity after two years of the universal mass vaccination program against rotavirus gastroenteritis in Austria. Vaccine 2011; 29:2791-6.
48. Paulke-Korinek M, Kollaritsch H, Aberle SW, et al. Sustained low hospitalization rates after four years of rotavirus mass vaccination in Austria. Vaccine 2013; 31:2686-91.
49. Raes M, Strens D, Vergison A, Verghote M, Standaert B. Reduction in pediatric rotavirus-related hospitalizations after universal rotavirus vaccination in Belgium. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2011; 30:e120-5.
50. Zeller M, Rahman M, Heylen E, et al. Rotavirus incidence and genotype distribution before and after national rotavirus vaccine introduction in Belgium. Vaccine 2010; 28:7507-13.
51. Hemming M, Rasanen S, Huhti L, Paloniemi M, Salminen M, Vesikari T. Major reduction of rotavirus, but not norovirus, gastroenteritis in children seen in hospital after the introduction of RotaTeq vaccine into the National Immunization Programme in Finland. Eur J Pediatr 2013; 172:739-46.
52. Dey A,Wang H, Menzies R, Macartney K. Changes in hospitalisations for acute gastroenteritis in Australia after the national rotavirus vaccination program. Med J Aust 2012; 197:453-7.
53. Field EJ, Vally H, Grimwood K, Lambert SB. Pentavalent rotavirus vaccine and prevention of gastroenteritis hospitalizations in Australia. Pediatrics 2010; 126:e506-12.
54. Buttery JP, Lambert SB, Grimwood K, et al. Reduction in rotavirusassociated acute gastroenteritis following introduction of rotavirus vaccine into Australia's National Childhood vaccine schedule. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2011; 30(1 suppl):S25-9.
55. Lambert SB, Faux CE, Hall L, et al. Early evidence for direct and indirect effects of the infant rotavirus vaccine program in Queensland. Med J Aust 2009; 191:157-60.
56. Clarke MF, Davidson GP, Gold MS, Marshall HS. Direct and indirect impact on rotavirus positive and all-cause gastroenteritis hospitalisations in South Australian children following the introduction of rotavirus vaccination. Vaccine 2011; 29:4663-7.
57. Zlamy M, Kofler S, Orth D, et al. The impact of rotavirus mass vaccination on hospitalization rates, nosocomial rotavirus gastroenteritis and secondary blood stream infections. BMC Infect Dis 2013; 13:112.
58. Yen C, Armero Guardado JA, Alberto P, et al. Decline in rotavirus hospitalizations and health care visits for childhood diarrhea following rotavirus vaccination in El Salvador. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2011; 30(1 suppl):S6-10.
59. do Carmo GM, Yen C, Cortes J, et al. Decline in diarrhea mortality and admissions after routine childhood rotavirus immunization in Brazil: a time-series analysis. PLoS Med 2011; 8:e1001024.
60. Safadi MA, Berezin EN, Munford V, et al. Hospital-based surveillance to evaluate the impact of rotavirus vaccination in Sao Paulo, Brazil. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2010; 29:1019-22.
61. Gurgel RG, Bohland AK, Vieira SC, et al. Incidence of rotavirus and all-cause diarrhea in northeast Brazil following the introduction of a national vaccination program. Gastroenterology 2009; 137:1970-5.
62. Molto Y, Cortes JE, De Oliveira LH, et al. Reduction of diarrheaassociated hospitalizations among children aged <5 years in Panama following the introduction of rotavirus vaccine. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2011; 30(1 suppl):S16-20.
63. Quintanar-Solares M, Yen C, Richardson V, Esparza-Aguilar M, Parashar UD, Patel MM. Impact of rotavirus vaccination on diarrhea-related hospitalizations among children <5 years of age in Mexico. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2011; 30(1 suppl):S11-5.
64. Richardson V, Hernandez-Pichardo J, Quintanar-Solares M, et al. Effect of rotavirus vaccination on death from childhood diarrhea in Mexico. N Engl J Med 2010; 362:299-305.
65. Richardson V, Parashar U, Patel M. Childhood diarrhea deaths after rotavirus vaccination in Mexico. N Engl J Med 2011; 365:772-3.
66. Gastanaduy PA, Sanchez-Uribe E, Esparza-Aguilar M, et al. Effect of rotavirus vaccine on diarrhea mortality in different socioeconomic regions of Mexico. Pediatrics 2013; 131:e1115-20.
67. Lanzieri TM, Linhares AC, Costa I, et al. Impact of rotavirus vaccination on childhood deaths from diarrhea in Brazil. Int J Infect Dis 2011; 15:e206-10.
68. Bayard V, DeAntonio R, Contreras R, et al. Impact of rotavirus vaccination on childhood gastroenteritis-related mortality and hospital discharges in Panama. Int J Infect Dis 2012; 16:e94-8.
69. Msimang VM, Page N, Groome MJ, et al. Impact of rotavirus vaccine on childhood diarrheal hospitalization following introduction into the South African public immunization program. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2013; 32:1359-64.
70. Patel M, Pedreira C, De Oliveira LH, et al. Duration of protection of pentavalent rotavirus vaccination in Nicaragua. Pediatrics 2012; 130: e365-72.
71. Becker-Dreps S, Melendez M, Liu L, et al. Community diarrhea incidence before and after rotavirus vaccine introduction in Nicaragua. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2013; 89:246-50.
72. De Oliveira LH, Giglio N, Ciapponi A, et al. Temporal trends in diarrhea-related hospitalizations and deaths in children under age 5 before and after the introduction of the rotavirus vaccine in four Latin American countries. Vaccine 2013; 31(suppl 3):C99-108.
73. Snelling TL, Schultz R, Graham J, et al. Rotavirus and the indigenous children of the Australian outback: monovalent vaccine effective in a high-burden setting. Clin Infect Dis 2009; 49:428-31.
74. Braeckman T, Van Herck K, Meyer N, et al. Effectiveness of rotavirus vaccination in prevention of hospital admissions for rotavirus gastroenteritis among young children in Belgium: case-control study. BMJ 2012; 345:e4752.
75. Correia JB, Patel MM, Nakagomi O, et al. Effectiveness of monovalent rotavirus vaccine (Rotarix) against severe diarrhea caused by serotypically unrelated G2P[4] strains in Brazil. J Infect Dis 2010; 201:363-9.
76. Justino MC, Linhares AC, Lanzieri TM, et al. Effectiveness of the monovalent G1P[8] human rotavirus vaccine against hospitalization for severe G2P[4] rotavirus gastroenteritis in Belem, Brazil. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2011; 30:396-401.
77. Gagneur A, Nowak E, Lemaitre T, et al. Impact of rotavirus vaccination on hospitalizations for rotavirus diarrhea: the IVANHOE study. Vaccine 2011; 29:3753-9.
78. Adlhoch C, Hoehne M, Littmann M, et al. Rotavirus vaccine effectiveness and case-control study on risk factors for breakthrough infections in Germany, 2010-2011. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2013; 32:e82-9.
79. Muhsen K, Shulman L, Kasem E, et al. Effectiveness of rotavirus vaccines for prevention of rotavirus gastroenteritis-associated hospitalizations in Israel: a case-control study. Hum Vaccin 2010; 6:450-4.
80. Yen C, Figueroa JR, Uribe ES, et al. Monovalent rotavirus vaccine provides protection against an emerging fully heterotypic G9P[4] rotavirus strain in Mexico. J Infect Dis 2011; 204:783-6.
81. Martinon-Torres F, Bouzon Alejandro M, Redondo Collazo L, et al. Effectiveness of rotavirus vaccination in Spain. Hum Vaccin 2011; 7:757-61.
82. Castilla J, Beristain X, Martinez-Artola V, et al. Effectiveness of rotavirus vaccines in preventing cases and hospitalizations due to rotavirus gastroenteritis in Navarre, Spain. Vaccine 2012; 30:539-43.
83. Boom JA, Tate JE, Sahni LC, et al. Sustained protection from pentavalent rotavirus vaccination during the second year of life at a large, urban United States pediatric hospital. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2010; 29:1133-5.
84. Boom JA, Tate JE, Sahni LC, et al. Effectiveness of pentavalent rotavirus vaccine in a large urban population in the United States. Pediatrics 2010; 125:e199-207.
85. Staat MA, Payne DC, Donauer S, et al. Effectiveness of pentavalent rotavirus vaccine against severe disease. Pediatrics 2011; 128: e267-75.
86. Payne DC, Boom JA, Staat MA, et al. Effectiveness of pentavalent and monovalent rotavirus vaccines in concurrent use among US children <5 years of age, 2009-2011. Clin Infect Dis 2013; 57: 13-20.
87. Desai SN, Esposito DB, Shapiro ED, Dennehy PH, Vazquez M. Effectiveness of rotavirus vaccine in preventing hospitalization due to rotavirus gastroenteritis in young children in Connecticut, USA. Vaccine 2010; 28:7501-6.
88. Cortese MM, Immergluck LC, Held M, et al. Effectiveness of monovalent and pentavalent rotavirus vaccine. Pediatrics 2013; 132:e25-33.
89. Cortese MM, Leblanc J, White KE, et al. Leveraging state immunization information systems to measure the effectiveness of rotavirus vaccine. Pediatrics 2011; 128:e1474-81.
90. Wang FT, Mast TC, Glass RJ, Loughlin J, Seeger JD. Effectiveness of the pentavalent rotavirus vaccine in preventing gastroenteritis in the United States. Pediatrics 2010; 125:e208-13.
91. Chang WC, Yen C, Wu FT, et al. Effectiveness of 2 rotavirus vaccines against rotavirus disease in Taiwanese infants. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2014; 33:e81-6.
92. Snelling TL, Andrews RM, Kirkwood CD, Culvenor S, Carapetis JR. Case-control evaluation of the effectiveness of the G1P[8] human rotavirus vaccine during an outbreak of rotavirus G2P[4] infection in central Australia. Clin Infect Dis 2011; 52:191-9.
93. Patel M, Pedreira C, De Oliveira LH, et al. Association between pentavalent rotavirus vaccine and severe rotavirus diarrhea among children in Nicaragua. JAMA 2009; 301:2243-51.
94. Mast TC, Khawaja S, Espinoza F, et al. Case-control study of the effectiveness of vaccination with pentavalent rotavirus vaccine in Nicaragua. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2011; 30:e209-15.
95. de Palma O, Cruz L, Ramos H, et al. Effectiveness of rotavirus vaccination against childhood diarrhoea in El Salvador: case-control study. BMJ 2010; 340:c2825.
96. Patel MM, Patzi M, Pastor D, et al. Effectiveness of monovalent rotavirus vaccine in Bolivia: case-control study. BMJ 2013; 346:f3726.
97. Buttery JP, Danchin MH, Lee KJ, et al. Intussusception following rotavirus vaccine administration: post-marketing surveillance in the National Immunization Program in Australia. Vaccine 2011; 29: 3061-6.
98. Patel MM, Lopez-Collada VR, Bulhoes MM, et al. Intussusception risk and health benefits of rotavirus vaccination in Mexico and Brazil. N Engl J Med 2011; 364:2283-92.
99. Velazquez FR, Colindres RE, Grajales C, et al. Postmarketing surveillance of intussusception following mass introduction of the attenuated human rotavirus vaccine in Mexico. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2012; 31:36-44.
100. Rotavirus vaccines: WHO position paper-January 2013. Wkly Epidemiol Rec 2013; 88:49-64.
101. Weintraub ES, Baggs J, Duffy J, et al. Risk of intussusception after monovalent rotavirus vaccination. N Engl J Med 2014; 370: 513-9.
102. Yih WK, Lieu TA, Kulldorff M, et al. Intussusception risk after rotavirus vaccination in U.S. infants. N Engl J Med 2014; 370:503-12.
103. Victoria JG, Wang C, Jones MS, et al. Viral nucleic acids in liveattenuated vaccines: detection of minority variants and an adventitious virus. J Virol 2010; 84:6033-40.
104. US Food and Drug Administration. Components of extraneous virus detected in Rotarix vaccine; no known safety risk. Available at: http://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/PressAnnouncements/ucm205625.htm. Accessed 13 February 2014.
105. European Medicines Agency. European Medicines Agency sees no safety concerns with the Rotarix oral vaccine. Available at: http://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en-GB/document-library/Press-release/2010/03/WC5000 78280.pdf. Accessed 13 February 2013.
106. World Health Organization. Rotavirus vaccination-WHO does not recommend any change to use of Rotarix vaccine. Available at: http://www.who.int/immunization/newsroom/news-rotavirus-vaccine-use/en/index.html. Accessed 13 February 2014.
107. Therapeutic Goods Administration. Statement on rotavirus vaccines. Available at: http://www.tga.gov.au/safety/alerts-medicine-rotavirus-100324.htm. Accessed 14 February 2014.
108. US Food and Drug Administration. Update on recommendations for the use of rotavirus vaccines. Available at: http://www.fda.gov/biologicsbloodvaccines/vaccines/approvedproducts/ucm212140.htm. Accessed 13 February 2014.
109. World Health Organization. Global Advisory Committee on Vaccine Safety, 16-17 June 2010. Available at: http://www.who.int/wer/2010/wer8530.pdf. Accessed 13 February 2014.
110. European Medicines Agency. European Medicines Agency confirms Positive benefit-risk balance of Rotarix. Available at: http://www.ema. europa.eu/docs/en-GB/document-library/Press-release/2010/07/WC500094 972.pdf. Accessed 13 February 2014.
111. Payne DC, Edwards KM, Bowen MD, et al. Sibling transmission of vaccine-derived rotavirus (RotaTeq) associated with rotavirus gastroenteritis. Pediatrics 2010; 125:e438-41.
112. Boom JA, Sahni LC, Payne DC, et al. Symptomatic infection and detection of vaccine and vaccine-reassortant rotavirus strains in 5 children: a case series. J Infect Dis 2012; 206:1275-9.
113. Donato CM, Ch'ng LS, Boniface KF, et al. Identification of strains of RotaTeq rotavirus vaccine in infants with gastroenteritis following routine vaccination. J Infect Dis 2012; 206:377-83.
114. Hemming M, Vesikari T. Vaccine-derived human-bovine double reassortant rotavirus in infants with acute gastroenteritis. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2012; 31:992-4.
115. Patel MM, Clark AD, Sanderson CF, Tate J, Parashar UD. Removing the age restrictions for rotavirus vaccination: a benefit-risk modeling analysis. PLoS Med 2012; 9:e1001330.
116. de Oliveira LH, Danovaro-Holliday MC, Matus CR, Andrus JK. Rotavirus vaccine introduction in the Americas: progress and lessons learned. Expert Rev Vaccines 2008; 7:345-53.
117. Wendy B. Vaccination with 3-dose paediatric rotavirus vaccine (Rota-Teq(R)): impact on the timeliness of uptake of the primary course of DTPa vaccine. Vaccine 2012; 30:5293-7.
118. Hull BP, Menzies R, Macartney K, McIntyre PB. Impact of the introduction of rotavirus vaccine on the timeliness of other scheduled vaccines: the Australian experience. Vaccine 2013; 31: 1964-9.
119. Ali SA, Kazi AM, Cortese MM, et al. Impact of different dosing schedules on the immunogenicity of the human rotavirus vaccine in infants in Pakistan-a randomized trial [Epub ahead of print]. J Infect Dis 2014; doi:10.1093/infdis/jiu335.
120. Bhandari N, Rongsen-Chandola T, Bavdekar A, et al. Efficacy of a monovalent human-bovine (116E) rotavirus vaccine in Indian infants: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 2014; 383:2136-43.
121. Yen C, Tate JE, Hyde TB, et al. Rotavirus vaccines: current status and future considerations [Epub ahead of print]. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2014; 10.
122. Armah GE, Kapikian AZ, Vesikari T, et al. Efficacy, immunogenicity, and safety of two doses of a tetravalent rotavirus vaccine RRV-TV in Ghana with the first dose administered during the neonatal period. J Infect Dis 2013; 208:423-31.
123. Danchin M, Kirkwood CD, Lee KJ, et al. Phase I trial of RV3-BB rotavirus vaccine: a human neonatal rotavirus vaccine. Vaccine 2013; 31:2610-6.