The relationship of parents' cigarette smoking to outcome of pregnancy-implications as to the problem of inferring causation from observed associations

International Journal of Epidemiology

Volumn 43, Issue 5, 2014, Pages 1355-1366

  Yerushalmy, J ^a,b,c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b KAISER PERMANENTE   (United States)

^c KAISER PERMANENTE MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

Birth weight; Congenital anomalies; Contraception; Low; Menarche; Menstruation; Mortality, neonatal; Pregnancy; Prenatal influences; Smoking

Indexed keywords

DISEASE INCIDENCE; HYPOTHESIS TESTING; MORTALITY; NEONATE; PREGNANCY; SMOKING;

ARTICLE; CONGENITAL MALFORMATION; CONTRACEPTION; ENVIRONMENTAL FACTOR; FEMALE; GESTATIONAL AGE; HUMAN; INCIDENCE; INFANT; LOW BIRTH WEIGHT; MATERNAL SMOKING; MENARCHE; NEWBORN MORTALITY; PARENTAL SMOKING; PREGNANCY OUTCOME; PRENATAL DEVELOPMENT;

EID: 84913549116     PISSN: 03005771     EISSN: 14643685     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyu160     Document Type: Article

References (19)

1. Simpson WJ. A preliminary report on cigarette smoking and the incidence of prematurity. Amer JObstetGynec 1957;73:808-815.
2. Lowe CR. Effect of mothers' smoking habits on birth weight of their children. Brit Med J 1959;2:673-676.
3. Herriot A, Billewicz WF, Hytten FE. Cigarette smoking in pregnancy. Lancet 1962;1:771-773.
4. Savel LE, Roth E. Effects of smoking on fetal growth. Obstet Gynec 1962;20:313-316.
5. Zabriskie JR. Effect of cigarette smoking during pregnancy; a study of 2000 cases. Obstet Gynec 1963;21:405-411.
6. O'Lane JM. Some fetal effects of maternal cigarette smoking. Obstet Gynec 1963;22:181-184.
7. MacMahon B, Alpert M, Salber EJ. Infant weight and parental smoking habits. Amer J Epidem 1965;82:247-261.
8. Underwood P, Hester LL, Laffitte T, et al. The relationship of smoking to the outcome of pregnancy. Amer J Obstet Gynec 1965;91:270-276.
9. Underwood P, Kesler K, O'Lane J, et al. Parental smoking empirically related to pregnancy outcome. Obstet Gynec 1967;29:1-8.
10. Butler N, Alberman ED. Perinatal Mortality. The Second Report of the 1958 British Perinatal Mortality Survey. Edinburgh, E. &. S. Livingston Ltd, 1969.
11. Shapiro S, Schlesinger E, Nesbitt REL. Infant, Perinatal, Maternal and Childhood Mortality in the United States. Harvard University Press, 1968, p 51.
12. Yerushalmy J. Mother's cigarette smoking and survival of infant. Amer J Obstet Gynec 1964;88:505-518.
13. Taylor WF. The probability of fetal death. Proc. Third International Conference on Congenital Malformations. Edited by Clarke Frazer F, Ebling FJG. Excerpta Medica Foundation, Amsterdam, 1970.
14. Lilienfeld AM. Emotional and other selected characteristics of cigarette smokers and nonsmokers as related to epidemiological studies of lung cancer and other diseases. J Nat Cancer Inst 1959;22:259-282.
15. Eysenck HJ, Tarrant M, Woolf M, et al. Smoking and personality. Brit Med J 1960;1:1456-1460.
16. Heath CW. Differences between smokers and nonsmokers. Arch Intern Med (Chicago) 1958;101:377-388.
17. Thomas CV. Characteristics of smokers compared with nonsmokers in a population of healthy young adults, including observations on family history, blood pressure, heart rate, body weight, cholesterol and certain psychological traits. Ann Intern Med 1960;53:697-718.
18. Seltzer CC. Morphologic constitution and smoking. JAMA 1963;183:639-645.
19. Seltzer CC. Masculinity and smoking. Science 1959;130: 1706-1707.