Surgical management of necrotizing pancreatitis: An overview

World Journal of Gastroenterology

Volumn 20, Issue 43, 2014, Pages 16106-16112

  Kokosis, George ^a   Perez, Alexander ^a   Pappas, Theodore N ^a  

^a DUKE UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

Debridement; Endoscopic necrosectomy; Infected necrosis; Necrosectomy; Necrotizing pancreatitis; Percutaneous catheter drainage; Severe acute pancreatitis; Video Assisted retroperitoneal debridement

Indexed keywords

ACUTE HEMORRHAGIC PANCREATITIS; DISEASE CLASSIFICATION; DISEASE COURSE; ENDOSCOPIC APPROACH; ENDOSCOPY; HUMAN; HYBRID APPROACH; INTENSIVE CARE UNIT; LAPAROSCOPIC SURGERY; NECROSECTOMY; OPEN SURGICAL APPROACH; PANCREAS SURGERY; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PERCUTANEOUS DRAINAGE; POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATION; RETROPERITONEOSCOPIC APPROACH; REVIEW; SURGICAL APPROACH; VIDEORECORDING; ADVERSE EFFECTS; DEBRIDEMENT; DRAINAGE; MORTALITY; PANCREAS RESECTION; PANCREATITIS, ACUTE NECROTIZING; PATIENT SELECTION; PROCEDURES; RISK FACTOR; SEVERITY OF ILLNESS INDEX; TIME; TIME TO TREATMENT; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

DEBRIDEMENT; DRAINAGE; HUMANS; PANCREATECTOMY; PANCREATITIS, ACUTE NECROTIZING; PATIENT SELECTION; RISK FACTORS; SEVERITY OF ILLNESS INDEX; TIME FACTORS; TIME-TO-TREATMENT; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 84912571882     PISSN: 10079327     EISSN: 22192840     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i43.16106     Document Type: Review

References (48)

1. Frossard JL, Steer ML, Pastor CM. Acute pancreatitis. Lancet 2008; 371: 143-152 [PMID: 18191686 DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(0 8)60107-5].
2. Whitcomb DC. Clinical practice. Acute pancreatitis. N Engl J Med 2006; 354: 2142-2150 [PMID: 16707751 DOI: 10.1056/NEJMcp054958].
3. Freeman ML, Werner J, van Santvoort HC, Baron TH, Besselink MG, Windsor JA, Horvath KD, vanSonnenberg E, Bollen TL, Vege SS. Interventions for necrotizing pancreati-tis: Summary of a multidisciplinary consensus conference. Pancreas 2012; 41: 1176-1194 [PMID: 23086243 DOI: 10.1097/MPA.0b013e318269c660].
4. Haney JC, Pappas TN. Necrotizing pancreatitis: diagnosis and management. Surg Clin North Am 2007; 87: 1431-1446, ix [PMID: 18053840 DOI: 10.1016/j.suc.2007.08.013].
5. Hughes SJ, Papachristou GI, Federle MP, Lee KK. Necrotizing pancreatitis. Gastroenterol Clin North Am 2007; 36: 313-323, viii [PMID: 17533081 DOI: 10.1016/j.gtc.2007.03.012].
6. Werner J, Hartwig W, Hackert T, Büchler MW. Surgery in the treatment of acute pancreatitis-open pancreatic necrosectomy. Scand J Surg 2005; 94: 130-134 [PMID: 16111095].
7. Petrov MS, Shanbhag S, Chakraborty M, Phillips AR, Windsor JA. Organ failure and infection of pancreatic necrosis as determinants of mortality in patients with acute pancreatitis. Gastroenterology 2010; 139: 813-820 [PMID: 20540942 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2010.06.010].
8. Morgan DE. Imaging of acute pancreatitis and its complications. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2008; 6: 1077-1085 [PMID: 18928934 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2008.07.012].
9. Bradley EL. A clinically based classification system for acute pancreatitis. Summary of the International Symposium on Acute Pancreatitis, Atlanta, Ga, September 11 through 13, 1992. Arch Surg 1993; 128: 586-590 [PMID: 8489394 DOI: 10.1001/archsurg.1993.01420170122019].
10. Vincent JL, Moreno R, Takala J, Willatts S, De Mendonça A, Bruining H, Reinhart CK, Suter PM, Thijs LG. The SOFA (Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment) score to describe organ dysfunction/failure. On behalf of the Working Group on Sepsis-Related Problems of the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine. Intensive Care Med 1996; 22: 707-710 [PMID: 8844239 DOI: 10.1007/BF01709751].
11. Banks PA, Bollen TL, Dervenis C, Gooszen HG, Johnson CD, Sarr MG, Tsiotos GG, Vege SS. Classification of acute pancreatitis-2012: revision of the Atlanta classification and definitions by international consensus. Gut 2013; 62: 102-111 [PMID: 23100216 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2012-302779].
12. Beger HG, Rau BM. Severe acute pancreatitis: Clinical course and management. World J Gastroenterol 2007; 13: 5043-5051 [PMID: 17876868].
13. Balthazar EJ, Robinson DL, Megibow AJ, Ranson JH. Acute pancreatitis: value of CT in establishing prognosis. Radiology 1990; 174: 331-336 [PMID: 2296641 DOI: 10.1148/radiology. 174.2.2296641].
14. Banks PA, Freeman ML. Practice guidelines in acute pancreatitis. Am J Gastroenterol 2006; 101: 2379-2400 [PMID: 17032204 DOI: 10.1111/j.1572-0241.2006.00856.x].
15. van Santvoort HC, Bakker OJ, Bollen TL, Besselink MG, Ahmed Ali U, Schrijver AM, Boermeester MA, van Goor H, Dejong CH, van Eijck CH, van Ramshorst B, Schaapherder AF, van der Harst E, Hofker S, Nieuwenhuijs VB, Brink MA, Kruyt PM, Manusama ER, van der Schelling GP, Karsten T, Hesselink EJ, van Laarhoven CJ, Rosman C, Bosscha K, de Wit RJ, Houdijk AP, Cuesta MA, Wahab PJ, Gooszen HG. A conservative and minimally invasive approach to necrotizing pancreatitis improves outcome. Gastroenterology 2011; 141: 1254-1263 [PMID: 21741922 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2011.06.073].
16. Besselink MG, van Santvoort HC, Boermeester MA, Nieuwenhuijs VB, van Goor H, Dejong CH, Schaapherder AF, Gooszen HG. Timing and impact of infections in acute pancreatitis. Br J Surg 2009; 96: 267-273 [PMID: 19125434 DOI: 10.1002/bjs.6447].
17. Beger HG, Bittner R, Block S, Büchler M. Bacterial contamination of pancreatic necrosis. A prospective clinical study. Gastroenterology 1986; 91: 433-438 [PMID: 3522342].
18. Isenmann R, Rünzi M, Kron M, Kahl S, Kraus D, Jung N, Maier L, Malfertheiner P, Goebell H, Beger HG. Prophylactic antibiotic treatment in patients with predicted severe acute pancreatitis: A placebo-controlled, double-blind trial. Gastroenterology 2004; 126: 997-1004 [PMID: 15057739 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2003.12.050].
19. Dellinger EP, Tellado JM, Soto NE, Ashley SW, Barie PS, Dugernier T, Imrie CW, Johnson CD, Knaebel HP, Laterre PF, Maravi-Poma E, Kissler JJ, Sanchez-Garcia M, Utzolino S. Early antibiotic treatment for severe acute necrotizing pancreatitis: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Ann Surg 2007; 245: 674-683 [PMID: 17457158 DOI: 10.1097/01.sla.0000250414.09255.84].
20. Papachristou GI, Takahashi N, Chahal P, Sarr MG, Baron TH. Peroral endoscopic drainage/debridement of walledoff pancreatic necrosis. Ann Surg 2007; 245: 943-951 [PMID: 17522520 DOI: 10.1097/01.sla.0000254366.19366.69].
21. Rau B, Pralle U, Uhl W, Schoenberg MH, Beger HG. Management of sterile necrosis in instances of severe acute pancreatitis. J Am Coll Surg 1995; 181: 279-288 [PMID: 7551320].
22. Mier J, León EL, Castillo A, Robledo F, Blanco R. Early versus late necrosectomy in severe necrotizing pancreatitis. Am J Surg 1997; 173: 71-75 [PMID: 9074366 DOI: 10.1016/S0002-9610(96)00425-4].
23. Tsiotos GG, Luque-de León E, Sarr MG. Long-term outcome of necrotizing pancreatitis treated by necrosectomy. Br J Surg 1998; 85: 1650-1653 [PMID: 9876068 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2168.1998.00950.x].
24. Ashley SW, Perez A, Pierce EA, Brooks DC, Moore FD, Whang EE, Banks PA, Zinner MJ. Necrotizing pancreatitis: contemporary analysis of 99 consecutive cases. Ann Surg 2001; 234: 572-579; discussion 579-580 [PMID: 11573050 DOI: 10.1097/00000658-200110000-00016].
25. Nieuwenhuijs VB, Besselink MG, van Minnen LP, Gooszen HG. Surgical management of acute necrotizing pancreatitis: A 13-year experience and a systematic review. Scand J Gastroenterol Suppl 2003; (239): 111-116 [PMID: 14743893 DOI: 10.1080/00855920310002799].
26. Schein M, Saadia R, Jamieson JR, Decker GA. The sandwich technique' in the management of the open abdomen. Br J Surg 1986; 73: 369-370 [PMID: 3708284 DOI: 10.1002/bjs.1800730514].
27. Büchler MW, Gloor B, Müller CA, Friess H, Seiler CA, Uhl W. Acute necrotizing pancreatitis: Treatment strategy according to the status of infection. Ann Surg 2000; 232: 619-626 [PMID: 11066131 DOI: 10.1097/00000658-200011000-00001].
28. Beger HG, Büchler M, Bittner R, Block S, Nevalainen T, Roscher R. Necrosectomy and postoperative local lavage in necrotizing pancreatitis. Br J Surg 1988; 75: 207-212 [PMID: 3349326 DOI: 10.1002/bjs.1800750306].
29. Fernández-del Castillo C, Rattner DW, Makary MA, Mostafavi A, McGrath D, Warshaw AL. Débridement and closed packing for the treatment of necrotizing pancreatitis. Ann Surg 1998; 228: 676-684 [PMID: 9833806 DOI: 10.1097/000006 58-199811000-00007].
30. Uhl W, Warshaw A, Imrie C, Bassi C, McKay CJ, Lankisch PG, Carter R, Di Magno E, Banks PA, Whitcomb DC, Dervenis C, Ulrich CD, Satake K, Ghaneh P, Hartwig W, Werner J, McEntee G, Neoptolemos JP, Büchler MW. IAP Guidelines for the Surgical Management of Acute Pancreatitis. Pancreatology 2002; 2: 565-573 [PMID: 12435871].
31. Freeny PC, Hauptmann E, Althaus SJ, Traverso LW, Sinanan M., Percutaneous CT-guided catheter drainage of infected acute necrotizing pancreatitis: Techniques and results. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1998; 170: 969-975 [PMID: 9530046 DOI: 10.2214/ajr.170.4.9530046].
32. Bello B, Matthews JB. Minimally invasive treatment of pancreatic necrosis. World J Gastroenterol 2012; 18: 6829-6835 [PMID: 23239921 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v18.i46.6829].
33. Carter R. Percutaneous management of necrotizing pancreatitis. HPB (Oxford) 2007; 9: 235-239 [PMID: 18333229 DOI: 10.1080/13651820601139856].
34. van Baal MC, van Santvoort HC, Bollen TL, Bakker OJ, Besselink MG, Gooszen HG. Systematic review of percutane-ous catheter drainage as primary treatment for necrotizing pancreatitis. Br J Surg 2011; 98: 18-27 [PMID: 21136562 DOI: 10.1002/bjs.7304].
35. van Santvoort HC, Besselink MG, Bakker OJ, Hofker HS, Boermeester MA, Dejong CH, van Goor H, Schaapherder AF, van Eijck CH, Bollen TL, van Ramshorst B, Nieuwenhuijs VB, Timmer R, Laméris JS, Kruyt PM, Manusama ER, van der Harst E, van der Schelling GP, Karsten T, Hesselink EJ, van Laarhoven CJ, Rosman C, Bosscha K, de Wit RJ, Houdijk AP, van Leeuwen MS, Buskens E, Gooszen HG. A step-up approach or open necrosectomy for necrotizing pancreatitis. N Engl J Med 2010; 362: 1491-1502 [PMID: 20410514 DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa0908821].
36. Melman L, Azar R, Beddow K, Brunt LM, Halpin VJ, Eagon JC, Frisella MM, Edmundowicz S, Jonnalagadda S, Matthews BD. Primary and overall success rates for clinical outcomes after laparoscopic, endoscopic, and open pancreatic cystgastrostomy for pancreatic pseudocysts. Surg Endosc 2009; 23: 267-271 [PMID: 19037696 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-008-0196-2].
37. Bucher P, Pugin F, Morel P. Minimally invasive necrosectomy for infected necrotizing pancreatitis. Pancreas 2008; 36: 113-119 [PMID: 18376300 DOI: 10.1097/MPA.0b013e3181514c9e].
38. Castellanos G, Piñero A, Serrano A, Parrilla P. Infected pancreatic necrosis: Translumbar approach and management with retroperitoneoscopy. Arch Surg 2002; 137: 1060-1063; discussion 1063 [PMID: 12215161 DOI: 10.1001/archsurg.137.9.1060].
39. Gambiez LP, Denimal FA, Porte HL, Saudemont A, Chambon JP, Quandalle PA. Retroperitoneal approach and endoscopic management of peripancreatic necrosis collections. Arch Surg 1998; 133: 66-72 [PMID: 9438762 DOI: 10.1001/archsurg.133.1.66].
40. Horvath K, Brody F, Davis B, Vitale G, Burtin P, Waschke KA, Callery M. Minimally invasive management of pancreatic disease: SAGES and SSAT pancreas symposium, Ft. Lauderdale, Florida, April 2005. Surg Endosc 2007; 21: 367-372 [PMID: 17103282 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-006-9023-9].
41. Horvath K, Freeny P, Escallon J, Heagerty P, Comstock B, Glickerman DJ, Bulger E, Sinanan M, Langdale L, Kolokythas O, Andrews RT. Safety and efficacy of video- Assisted retroperitoneal debridement for infected pancreatic collections: A multicenter, prospective, single- Arm phase 2 study. Arch Surg 2010; 145: 817-825 [PMID: 20855750 DOI: 10.1001/archsurg. 2010.178].
42. Varadarajulu S, Christein JD, Tamhane A, Drelichman ER, Wilcox CM. Prospective randomized trial comparing EUS and EGD for transmural drainage of pancreatic pseudocysts (with videos). Gastrointest Endosc 2008; 68: 1102-1111 [PMID: 18640677 DOI: 10.1016/j.gie.2008.04.028].
43. Park DH, Lee SS, Moon SH, Choi SY, Jung SW, Seo DW, Lee SK, Kim MH. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided versus conventional transmural drainage for pancreatic pseudocysts: A prospective randomized trial. Endoscopy 2009; 41: 842-848 [PMID: 19798610 DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1215133].
44. Bakker OJ, van Santvoort HC, van Brunschot S, Geskus RB, Besselink MG, Bollen TL, van Eijck CH, Fockens P, Hazebroek EJ, Nijmeijer RM, Poley JW, van Ramshorst B, Vleggaar FP, Boermeester MA, Gooszen HG, Weusten BL, Timmer R. Endoscopic transgastric vs surgical necrosectomy for infected necrotizing pancreatitis: A randomized trial. JAMA 2012; 307: 1053-1061 [PMID: 22416101 DOI: 10.1001/jama.2012.276].
45. Haghshenasskashani A, Laurence JM, Kwan V, Johnston E, Hollands MJ, Richardson AJ, Pleass HC, Lam VW. Endoscopic necrosectomy of pancreatic necrosis: A systematic review. Surg Endosc 2011; 25: 3724-3730 [PMID: 21656324 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-011-1795-x].
46. Seifert H, Biermer M, Schmitt W, Jürgensen C, Will U, Gerlach R, Kreitmair C, Meining A, Wehrmann T, Rösch T. Transluminal endoscopic necrosectomy after acute pancreatitis: A multicentre study with long-term follow-up (the GEPARD Study). Gut 2009; 58: 1260-1266 [PMID: 19282306 DOI: 10.1136/gut.2008.163733].
47. Besselink MG, van Santvoort HC, Nieuwenhuijs VB, Boermeester MA, Bollen TL, Buskens E, Dejong CH, van Eijck CH, van Goor H, Hofker SS, Lameris JS, van Leeuwen MS, Ploeg RJ, van Ramshorst B, Schaapherder AF, Cuesta MA, Consten EC, Gouma DJ, van der Harst E, Hesselink EJ, Houdijk LP, Karsten TM, van Laarhoven CJ, Pierie JP, Rosman C, Bilgen EJ, Timmer R, van der Tweel I, de Wit RJ, Witteman BJ, Gooszen HG. Minimally invasive 'step-up approach' versus maximal necrosectomy in patients with acute necrotising pancreatitis (PANTER trial): design and rationale of a randomised controlled multicenter trial [ISRCTN13975868]. BMC Surg 2006; 6: 6 [PMID: 16606471 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2482-6-6].
48. Besselink MG, Verwer TJ, Schoenmaeckers EJ, Buskens E, Ridwan BU, Visser MR, Nieuwenhuijs VB, Gooszen HG. Timing of surgical intervention in necrotizing pancreatitis. Arch Surg 2007; 142: 1194-1201 [PMID: 18086987 DOI: 10.1001/archsurg. 142.12.1194].