Effect of magnetocrystalline anisotropy on the magnetic properties of electrodeposited Co–Pt nanowires

Journal of Nanoparticle Research

Volumn 16, Issue 11, 2014, Pages

  Arshad, Muhammad Shahid ^a   Šturm, Sašo ^a   Zavašnik, Janez ^a   Espejo, Alvaro P ^b   Escrig, Juan ^b   Komelj, Matej ^a   McGuiness, Paul J ^a   Kobe, Spomenka ^a,c   Rožman, Kristina Žužek ^a  

^a JO EF STEFAN INSTITUTE   (Slovenia)

^b CENTER FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY CEDENNA   (Chile)

^c Centre of Excellence in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (CO Nanocenter)   (Slovenia)

Author keywords

Angular dependence of the coercivity; Co Pt nanowire arrays; Effective magnetic anisotropy; Magnetization of a single Co Pt nanowire; Magnetization reversal modes; Periodic magnetic domains; Single Co Pt nanowire

Indexed keywords

COERCIVE FORCE; CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; ELECTRODEPOSITION; ELECTRODES; HIGH RESOLUTION TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY; MAGNETIC ANISOTROPY; MAGNETIC DOMAINS; MAGNETOCRYSTALLINE ANISOTROPY; MODULATION; NANOWIRES; TEXTURES; VORTEX FLOW;

ANALYTICAL CALCULATION; ANGULAR DEPENDENCE; CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC ORIENTATIONS; EFFECTIVE ANISOTROPY CONSTANT; EFFECTIVE MAGNETIC ANISOTROPY; MAGNETIC CONFIGURATION; PT NANOWIRES; VIBRATING SAMPLE MAGNETOMETRY;

MAGNETIZATION REVERSAL;

COBALT PLATINUM NANOWIRE; NANOWIRE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

ANALYTICAL PARAMETERS; ANISOTROPY; ARTICLE; CALCULATION; CHIRALITY; CRYSTAL STRUCTURE; CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; MAGNETIC FIELD; MAGNETISM; MAGNETOMETRY; MICROSCOPY; TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY; X RAY DIFFRACTION;

EID: 84912570453     PISSN: 13880764     EISSN: 1572896X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s11051-014-2688-4     Document Type: Article

References (80)

1. Aboaf JA, Herd SR, Klokholm E (1983) Magnetic properties and structure of cobalt-platinum thin films. IEEE Trans Magn 19:1514–1519
2. Albrecht O, Zierold R, Allende S, Escrig J, Patzig C, Rauschenbach B, Nielsch K, Gorlitz D (2011) Experimental evidence for an angular dependent transition of magnetization reversal modes in magnetic nanotubes. J Appl Phys 109:093910–093915
3. Allende S, Escrig J, Altbir D, Salcedo E, Bahiana M (2008) Angular dependence of the transverse and vortex modes in magnetic nanotubes. EPJ B 66:37–40
4. Arshad MS, Pečko D, Šturm S, Escrig J, Komelj M, McGuiness PJ, Kobe S, Rožman KŽ (2014) Angular dependence of the coercivity in electrodeposited Co-Pt nanostructures with a tube-wire morphology. IEEE Trans Magn. doi: 10.1109/TMAG:20142320911 Accepted for Publication
5. Bauer LA, Birenbaum NS, Meyer GJ (2004) Biological applications of high aspect ratio nanoparticles. J Mater Chem 14:517–526
6. Bergmann G, Lu JG, Tao Y, Thompson RS (2008) Frustrated magnetization in Co nanowires: competition between crystal anisotropy and demagnetization energy. Phys Rev B 77:054415–054420
7. Bolzoni F, Leccabue F, Panizzieri R, Pareti L (1984) Magnetocrystalline anisotropy and phase transformation in Co–Pt alloy. IEEE Trans Magn 20:1625–1627
8. Bowling RJ, Packard RT, McCreery RL (1989) Activation of highly ordered pyrolytic graphite for heterogeneous electron transfer: relationship between electrochemical performance and carbon microstructure. J Am Chem Soc 111:1217–1223
9. 18 multilayers. Phys Rev B 79:024430–024434
10. Bran C, Ivanov YP, Trabada DG, Tomkowicz J, del Real RP, Chubykalo-Fesenko O, Vazquez M (2013) Structural dependence of magnetic properties in co-based nanowires: experiments and micromagnetic simulations. IEEE Trans Magn 49:4491–4497
11. Carignan L-P, Lacroix C, Ouimet A, Ciureanu M, Yelon A, Ménard D (2007) Magnetic anisotropy in arrays of Ni, CoFeB, and Ni/Cu nanowires. J Appl Phys 102:023905–023915
12. Cho JU, Wu J-H, Min JH, Ko SP, Soh JY, Liu QX, Kim YK (2006) Control of magnetic anisotropy of Co nanowires. J Magn Magn Mater 303:e281–e285
13. Ciureanu M, Beron F, Clime L, Ciureanu P, Yelon A, Ovari TA, Cochrane RW, Normandin F, Veres T (2005) Magnetic properties of electrodeposited CoFeB thin films and nanowire arrays. Electrochim Acta 50:4487–4497
14. Cortés M, Gómez E, Vallés E (2013) Electrochemical growth of CoPt nanowires of different aspect ratio and their magnetic properties. J Electroanal Chem 689:69–75
15. Cullity BD, Graham CD (2009) Introduction to magnetic materials, 2nd edn. Wiley, Hoboken
16. Cullity BD, Stock SR (2001) Elements of X-ray diffraction, 3rd edn. Prentice-Hall Inc., Upper Saddle River
17. Dahmane Y, Cagnon L, Voiron J, Pairis S, Bacia M, Ortega L, Benbrahim N, Kadri A (2006) Magnetic and structural properties of electrodeposited CoPt and FePt nanowires in nanoporous alumina templates. J Phys D Appl Phys 39:4523–4528
18. De La Medina JT, Darques M, Piraux L, Encinas A (2009) Application of the anisotropy field distribution method to arrays of magnetic nanowires. J Appl Phys 105:023909–023918
19. 1−x thin films. J Electrochem Soc 152:C27–C31
20. Encinas-Oropesa A, Demand M, Piraux L, Ebels U, Huynen I (2001) Effect of dipolar interactions on the ferromagnetic resonance properties in arrays of magnetic nanowires. J Appl Phys 89:3
21. Erickson RP, Mills aDL (2009) Theory of the undulating magnetic ground state of cylindrical cobalt nanowires. Phys Rev B 80:214410–214418
22. Escrig J, Altbir D, Jaafar M, Navas D, Asenjo A, Vázquez M (2007) Remanence of Ni nanowire arrays: influence of size and labyrinth magnetic structure. Phys Rev B 75:184429–184434
23. Escrig J, Bachmann J, Jing J, Daub M, Altbir D, Nielsch K (2008) Crossover between two different magnetization reversal modes in arrays of iron oxide nanotubes. Phys Rev B 77:214421–214428
24. Fert A, Piraux L (1999) Magnetic nanowires. J Magn Magn Mater 200:338–358
25. Florian M, Joachim B, Shafqat K, Maria Eugenia Toimil M, Christina T, Hartmut F (2007) Preferred growth orientation of metallic fcc nanowires under direct and alternating electrodeposition conditions. Nanotechnology 18:135709–135716
26. Forster H, Schrefl T, Dittrich R, Suess D, Scholz W, Tsiantos V, Fidler J, Nielsch K, Hofmeister H, Kronmuller H, Fischer S (2002) Magnetization reversal in granular nanowires. IEEE Trans Magn 38:2580–2582
27. Fu J, Cherevko S, Chung C-H (2008) Electroplating of metal nanotubes and nanowires in a high aspect-ratio nanotemplate. Electrochem Commun 10:514–518
28. Gao TR, Yin LF, Tian CS, Lu M, Sang H, Zhou SM (2006) Magnetic properties of Co–Pt alloy nanowire arrays in anodic alumina templates. J Magn Magn Mater 300:471–478
29. 3Pt. Phys Rev Lett 71:2493–2496
30. 7 multilayer nanowires. Phys Rev Lett 97:226805–226810
31. Henry Y, Ounadjela K, Piraus L, Dubois S, George J-M, Duvail J-L (2001) Magnetic anisotropy and domain patterns in electrodeposited cobalt nanowires. EPJ B 20:35–44
32. Irshad MI, Ahmad F, Mohamed NM (2012) A review on nanowires as an alternative high density magnetic storage media. AIP Conf Proc 1482:625–632
33. Ivanov YP, Vivas LG, Asenjo A, Chuvilin A, Chubykalo-fesenko O, Vázquez M (2013a) Magnetic structure of a single-crystal hcp electrodeposited cobalt nanowire. Europhys Lett 102:17009–17014
34. Ivanov YP, Vázquez M, Chubykalo-Fesenko O (2013b) Magnetic reversal modes in cylindrical nanowires. J Phys D Appl Phys 46:485001–485012
35. Kartopu G, Yalc O, Choy KL, Topkaya R, Kazan S, Akta B (2011) Size effects and origin of easy-axis in nickel nanowire arrays. J Appl Phys 109:033909-033901
36. Khurshid H, Huang YH, Bonder MJ, Hadjipanayis GC (2009) Microstructural and magnetic properties of CoPt nanowires. J Magn Magn Mater 321:277–280
37. Kostevšek N, Rožman KŽ, Pečko D, Pihlar B, Kobe S (2014) A comparative study of the electrochemical deposition kinetics of iron-palladium alloys on a flat electrode and in a porous alumina template. Electrochim Acta 125:320–329
38. Kronmuller H, Fahnle M (2003) Micromagnetism and the microstructure of ferromagnetic solids. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
39. Landeros P, Allende S, Escrig J, Salcedo E, Altbir D, Vogel EE (2007) Reversal modes in magnetic nanotubes. Appl Phys Lett 90:102501–102503
40. Lavin R, Denardin JC, Escrig J, Altbir D (2009a) Angular dependence of magnetic properties in Ni nanowire arrays. J Appl Phys 106:103903–103901–103903–103905
41. Lavin R, Denardin JC, Escrig J, Altbir D, Cortes A, Gomez H (2009b) Angular dependence of magnetic properties in Ni nanowire arrays. J Appl Phys 106:103903–103905
42. Lavin R, Denardin JC, Espejo AP, Cortes A, and Gomez H (2010) Magnetic properties of arrays of nanowires: anisotropy, interactions, and reversal modes. J Appl Phys 107:09B504-509B507
43. Lavín R, Gallardo C, Palma JL, Escrig J, Denardin JC (2012) Angular dependence of the coercivity and remanence of ordered arrays of Co nanowires. J Magn Magn Mater 324:2360–2362
44. Lebecki KM, Donahue MJ (2010) Comment on “Frustrated magnetization in Co nanowires: competition between crystal anisotropy and demagnetization energy”. Phys Rev B 82:096401–096405
45. Li F, Wang T, Ren L, Sun J (2004) Structure and magnetic properties of Co nanowires in self-assembled arrays. J Phys: Condens Matter 16:8053–8060
46. Liu Z, Chang P-C, Chang C-C, Galaktionov E, Bergmann G, Lu JG (2008) Shape anisotropy and magnetization modulation in hexagonal cobalt nanowires. Adv Funct Mater 18:1573–1578
47. 1−x nanowires. Appl Phys Lett 84:3900–3902
48. Martin CR (1994) Nanomaterials: a membrane-based synthetic approach. Science 266:1961–1966
49. Martin CR (1996) Membrane-based synthesis of nanomaterials. Chem Mater 8:1739–1746
50. Mitchell DRG (2008) DiffTools: electron diffraction software tools for DigitalMicrograph™. Microsc Res Tech 71:588–593
51. Motoyama M, Fukunaka Y, Sakka T, Ogata YH (2007) Initial stages of electrodeposition of metal nanowires in nanoporous templates. Electrochim Acta 53:205–212
52. Netzelmann U (1990) Ferromagnetic resonance of particulate magnetic recording tapes. J Appl Phys 68:1800–1808
53. Neumann RF, Bahiana M, Vargas NM, Altbir D, Allende S, Gorlitz D, Nielsch K (2013) Domain wall control in wire-tube nanoelements. Appl Phys Lett 102:202407–202412
54. Ning G, Hongjun W, Eui-Hyeok Y (2010) An experimental study on ferromagnetic nickel nanowires functionalized with antibodies for cell separation. Nanotechnology 21:105107–105115
55. 3Pt alloy thin films epitaxially grown on single-crystal substrates. IEICE T Electron E96-C:1460–1468
56. Pan H, Liu B, Yi J, Poh C, Lim S, Ding J, Feng Y, Huan CHA, Lin J (2005) Growth of single-crystalline Ni and Co nanowires via electrochemical deposition and their magnetic properties. J Phys Chem B 109:3094–3098
57. Raposo V, Garcia JM, González JM, Vázquez M (2000) Long-range magnetostatic interactions in arrays of nanowires. J Magn Magn Mater 222:227–232
58. Razee SSA, Staunton JB, Pinski FJ (1997) First-principles theory of magnetocrystalline anisotropy of disordered alloys: application to cobalt platinum. Phys Rev B 56:8082–8090
59. Razee SSA, Staunton JB, Ginatempo B, Bruno E, Pinski FJ (2001) Ab initio theoretical description of the dependence of magnetocrystalline anisotropy on both compositional order and lattice distortion in transition metal alloys. Phys Rev B 64:014411–014415
60. Rosa WO, Vivas LG, Pirota KR, Asenjo A, Vázquez M (2012) Influence of aspect ratio and anisotropy distribution in ordered CoNi nanowire arrays. J Magn Magn Mater 324:3679–3682
61. Rožman KŽ, Šturm S, McGuiness PJ, Kobe S (2009) Hard magnetic Co-Pt-based nanotubes produced via direct electroplating. IEEE Trans Magn 45:4413–4416
62. Salazar-Aravena D, Corona RM, Goerlitz D, Nielsch K, Escrig J (2013) Magnetic properties of multisegmented cylindrical nanoparticles with alternating magnetic wire and tube segments. J Magn Magn Mater 346:171–174
63. 1-type Co–Ni–Pt ordered alloy films for thermally assisted recording media. J Appl Phys 110:013918–013923
64. Schlörb H, Haehnel V, Khatri MS, Srivastav A, Kumar A, Schultz L, Fähler S (2010) Magnetic nanowires by electrodeposition within templates. Phys Status Solidi B 247:2364–2379
65. Shamaila S, Sharif R, Riaz S, Ma M, Khaleeq-ur-Rahman M, Han XF (2008) Magnetic and magnetization properties of electrodeposited fcc CoPt nanowire arrays. J Magn Magn Mater 320:1803–1809
66. Sorop T, Untiedt C, Luis F, Kröll M, Raşa M, de Jongh L (2003) Magnetization reversal of ferromagnetic nanowires studied by magnetic force microscopy. Phys Rev B 67:1–8
67. Sorop TG, Nielsch K, Göring P, Kröll M, Blau W, Wehrspohn RB, Gösele U, De Jongh LJ (2004) Study of the magnetic hysteresis in arrays of ferromagnetic Fe nanowires as a function of the template filling fraction. J Magn Magn Mater 272–276:1656–1657
68. Stoleriu L, Pinzaru C, Stancu A (2012) Micromagnetic analysis of switching and domain structure in amorphous metallic nanowires. Appl Phys Lett 100:122404–122408
69. Sun L, Hao Y, Chien CL, Searson aPC (2005) Tuning the properties of magnetic nanowires. IBM J Res Dev 49:79–102
70. Tian ML, Wang JU, Kurtz J, Mallouk TE, Chan MHW (2003) Electrochemical growth of single-crystal metal nanowires via a two-dimensional nucleation and growth mechanism. Nano Lett 3:919–923
71. Vázquez M, Pirota K, Torrejón J, Navas D, Hernández-Vélez M (2005) Magnetic behaviour of densely packed hexagonal arrays of Ni nanowires: Influence of geometric characteristics. J Magn Magn Mater 294:174–181
72. Vega V, Böhnert T, Martens S, Waleczek M, Montero-Moreno JM, Görlitz D, Prida VM, Nielsch K (2012) Tuning the magnetic anisotropy of Co-Ni nanowires: comparison between single nanowires and nanowire arrays in hard-anodic aluminum oxide membranes. Nanotechnology 23:465709-465709
73. Vivas LG, Escrig J, Trabada DG, Badini-Confalonieri GA, Vázquez M (2012a) Magnetic anisotropy in ordered textured Co nanowires. Appl Phys Lett 100:252405–252409
74. Vivas LG, Vazquez M, Escrig J, Allende S, Altbir D, Leitao DC, Araujo JP (2012b) Magnetic anisotropy in CoNi nanowire arrays: analytical calculations and experiments. Phys Rev B 85:035439–035443
75. x (0.09
76. Xianghua H, Qingfang L, Jianbo W, Shiliang L, Yong R, Ronglin L, Fashen L (2009) Influence of crystal orientation on magnetic properties of hcp Co nanowire arrays. J Phys D Appl Phys 42:095005–095009
77. Yang S, Zhu H, Yu D, Jin Z, Tang S, Du Y (2000) Preparation and magnetic property of Fe nanowire array. J Magn Magn Mater 222:97–100
78. Zana I, Zangari G, Park J-W, Allen MG (2004) Electrodeposited Co–Pt micron-size magnets with strong perpendicular magnetic anisotropy for MEMS applications. J Magn Magn Mater 272–276:E1775–E1776
79. x (0.09 <= x <= 0.86) nanowire arrays. J Appl Phys 99:08Q502–08Q503
80. Zhang J, Jones GA, Shen TH, Donnelly SE, Li G (2007) Monocrystalline hexagonal-close-packed and polycrystalline face-centered-cubic Co nanowire arrays fabricated by pulse dc electrodeposition. J Appl Phys 101:054310–054315