Weak emergence and computer simulation

Models, Simulations, and Representations

Volumn , Issue , 2013, Pages 91-114

  Bedau, Mark A ^a,b  

^a REED COLLEGE   (United States)

^b European School of Molecular Medicine   (Italy)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84912555720     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Chapter

References (41)

1. Assad, Andrew, and Norman H. Packard (1992). "Emergence." In Emergence: Contemporary Readings in Philosophy and Science, eds. Mark A. Bedau and Paul Humphreys, 231-234. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. (Originally appeared as Section 2 of "Emergent Colonization in an Artificial Ecology." In Towards a Practice of Autonomous Systems: Proceedings of the First European Conference on Artificial Life, eds. Francisco Varela and Paul Bourgine, 143-152. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press, 1992).
2. Bar-Yam, Yaneer (1997). Dynamics of Complex Systems. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
3. Bedau, Mark A. (1997). "Weak Emergence." Noûs 31(Suppl. 11): 375-399.
4. Bedau, Mark A. (1998). "Philosophical Content and Method of Artificial Life. In The Digital Phoenix: How Computers Are Changing Philosophy, eds. Terrell W. Bynam and James H. Moor, 135-152. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
5. Bedau, Mark A. (2003). "Downward Causation and Autonomy in Weak Emergence." Principia 6: 5-50. (Reprinted in Emergence: Contemporary Readings in Philosophy and Science, eds. Mark A. Bedau and Paul Humphreys, 155-188. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2008.)
6. Bedau, Mark A. (2008). "Is Weak Emergence Just in the Mind?" Minds and Machines 18(4): 443-459.
7. Bedau, Mark A. (2010). "Weak Emergence and Context-Sensitive Reduction." In, Emergence in Science and Philosophy, eds. Antonella Corrandi and Timothy O'Conner. New York: Routledge.
8. Bedau, Mark A. (Forthcoming). "A Functional Account of Degrees of Minimal Chemical Life." Synthese.
9. Bedau, Mark A., and Paul Humphreys, eds. (2008). Emergence: Contemporary Readings in Philosophy and Science. Cambridge: MIT Press.
10. Bedau, Mark A., and Norman H. Packard (1992). Measurement of Evolutionary Activity, Teleology, and Life. In Artificial Life II, eds. Christopher Langton, Charles Taylor, J. Doyne Farmer, and Steen Rasmussen, 431-461. Redwood City, CA: Addison Wesley.
11. Bedau, Mark A., and Norman H. Packard, (2003). "Evolution of Evolvability via Adaptation of Mutation Rates." BioSystems 69: 143-162.
12. Boogerd, Fred C., Frank J. Bruggeman, Robert C. Richardson, Achim Stephan, and Hans V. Westerhoff (2005). "Emergence and Its Place in Nature: A Case Study of Biochemical Networks." Synthese 145: 131-164.
13. Broad, Charlie D. (1925). The Mind and Its Place in Nature. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.
14. Buchanan, Andrew, Mark Triant, and Mark A. Bedau (2004). "The Flexible Balance of Evolutionary Novelty and Memory in the Face of Environmental Catastrophes." In Artificial Life IX: Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on the Synthesis and Simulation of Living Systems, eds. Jordan Pollack, Mark A. Bedau, Phil Husbands, Takashi Ikegami, and Richard Walker, 297-302. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
15. Chaitin, Gregory J. (1975). "Randomness and Mathematical Proof." Scientific American 232: 47-53.
16. Chaitin, Gregory J. (1988). "Randomness in Arithmetic." Scientific American 259: 80-85.
17. Crutchfield, James P., J. Doyne Farmer, Norman H. Packard, and Robert S. Shaw, (1986). "Chaos." Scientific American 255: 46-57.
18. Deamer, David (2008). "Experimental Approaches to Fabricating Artificial Cells." In Protocells: Bridging Nonliving and Living Matter, eds. Steen Rasmussen, Mark A. Bedau, Liaohai Chen, David Deamer, David C. Krakauer, Norman H. Packard, and Peter F. Stadler, 19-38. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
19. Hempel, Carl, and Paul Oppenheim (1965). "On the Idea of Emergence." In Aspects of Scientific Explanation and Other Essays in the Philosophy of Science, ed. Carl Hempel, 258-264. New York: Free Press.
20. Holland, John H. (1975). Adaptation in Natural and Artificial Systems: An Introductory Analysis with Applications to Biology, Control, and Artificial Intelligence. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
21. Hovda, Paul (2008). "Quantifying Weak Emergence." Minds and Machines 18(4): 461-473.
22. Jiang, Yi, Brian Travis, Chad Knutson, Jinsuo Zhang, and Pawel Weronski (2008). "Numerical Methods for Protocell Simulations." In Protocells: Bridging Nonliving and Living Matter, eds. Steen Rasmussen, Mark A. Bedau, Liaohai Chen, David Deamer, David C. Krakauer, Norman H. Packard, and Peter F. Stadler, 407-432. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
23. Kim, Jaegwon (1999). "Making Sense of Emergence." Philosophical Studies 95: 3-36.
24. McLaughlin, Brian P. (1992). "The Rise and Fall of British Emergentism." In Emergence or Reduction? Essays on the Prospects of Nonreductive Physicalism, eds. Ansgar Beckerman, Hans Flohr, and Jaegwon Kim, 49-93. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter.
25. Mitchell, Melanie (2009). Complexity: A Guided Tour. New York: Oxford University Press.
26. Morowitz, Harold J. (2002). The Emergence of Everything: How the World Became Complex. New York: Oxford University Press.
27. Mouritsen, Ole G., and Ask F. Jakobsen (2008). "Forming the Essential Template for Life: The Physics of Lipid Self-Assembly. In Protocells: Bridging Nonliving and Living Matter, eds. Steen Rasmussen, Mark A. Bedau, Liaohai Chen, David Deamer, David C. Krakauer, Norman H. Packard, and Peter F. Stadler, 385-406. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
28. Nagel, Kai, and Steen Rasmussen (1996). "Particle Hopping Models and Traffic Flow Theory." Physical Review E 53: 4655-4672.
29. Packard, Norman (1989). "Intrinsic Adaptation in a Simple Model for Evolution." In Artificial Life, ed. Christopher G. Langton, 141-155. Redwood City, CA: Addison-Wesley.
30. Rueger, Alexander (2000a). "Robust Supervenience and Emergence." Philosophy of Science 67: 466-489.
31. Rueger, Alexander (2000b). "Physical Emergence, Diachronic and Synchronic." Synthese 124: 297-322.
32. Sawyer, R. Keith (2005). Social Emergence: Societies as Complex Systems. New York: Cambridge University Press.
33. Silberstein, Michael, and John McGeever (1999). "The Search for Ontological Emergence." Philosophical Quarterly 49: 182-200.
34. Stephan, Achim (2006). "The Dual Role of 'Emergence' in the Philosophy of Mind and in Cognitive Science." Synthese 151: 485-498.
35. Stano, Pasquale, Giovanni Murtas, and Pier Luigi Luisi, (2008). "Semisynthetic Minimal Cells: New Advancements and Perspectives." In Protocells: Bridging Nonliving and Living Matter, eds. Steen Rasmussen, Mark A. Bedau, Liaohai Chen, David Deamer, David C. Krakauer, Norman. H. Packard, and Peter F. Stadler, 71-100. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
36. Sugiyama, Yuki, Minoru Fukui, Macoto Kikuchi, Katsuya Hasebe, Akihiro Nakayama, Katsuhiro Nishinari, Shin-ichi Tadaki, and Satoshi Yukawa (2008). Traffic Jams without Bottlenecks: Experimental Evidence for the Physical Mechanism of the Formation of a Jam. New Journal of Physics 10. doi:10.1088/1367-2630/10/3/033001.
37. Weinberg, Steven (1987). "Newtonianism, Reductionism, and the Art of Congressional Testimony." Science 330: 433-437. (Reprinted in eds. Mark A. Bedau and Paul Humphreys, 345-357, 2008).
38. Wimsatt, William C. (1986). "Forms of Aggregativity." In Human Nature and Natural Knowledge, eds. Alan Donagan, Anthony N. Perovich, Jr., and Michael V. Wedin, 259-291. Dordrecht: Reidel.
39. Wimsatt, William C. (1997). "Aggregativity: Reductive Heuristics for Finding Emergence." Philosophy of Science 64(4): 372-384.
40. Wolfram, Stephen (1985). "Undecidability and Intractability in Theoretical Physics." Physical Review Letters 54: 735-738.
41. Wolfram, Stephen (2002). A New Kind of Science. Champaign, IL: Wolfram Media.