메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 15, Issue 11, 2014, Pages 1911-1929

Risk factors for serious prescription opioid-related toxicity or overdose among veterans health administration patients

Author keywords

Opioid; Overdose; Predictors; Prescription; Risk; Toxicity

Indexed keywords

CODEINE; FENTANYL; FENTANYL CITRATE; HYDROCODONE; HYDROMORPHONE; METHADONE; MORPHINE; MORPHINE SULFATE; OPIATE; OXYCODONE; OXYMORPHONE; PETHIDINE; TRAMADOL; NARCOTIC ANALGESIC AGENT; PRESCRIPTION DRUG;

EID: 84911991239     PISSN: 15262375     EISSN: 15264637     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/pme.12480     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (197)

References (80)
  • 1
    • 84874002897 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmaceutical overdose deaths, United States, 2010
    • Jones CM, Mack KA, Paulozzi LJ. Pharmaceutical overdose deaths, United States, 2010. JAMA 2013;309(7):657-659.
    • (2013) JAMA , vol.309 , Issue.7 , pp. 657-659
    • Jones, C.M.1    Mack, K.A.2    Paulozzi, L.J.3
  • 2
    • 80555148888 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vital signs: Overdoses of prescription opioid pain relievers-United States, 1999-2008
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Vital signs: Overdoses of prescription opioid pain relievers-United States, 1999-2008. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2011;60(43):1487-1492.
    • (2011) MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep , vol.60 , Issue.43 , pp. 1487-1492
  • 3
    • 84928946399 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, HHS Publication No. (SMA) 13-4742.
    • SAMHSA Opioid Overdose Prevention Toolkit: Information for Prescribers. Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 2013. HHS Publication No. (SMA) 13-4742.
    • (2013) SAMHSA Opioid Overdose Prevention Toolkit: Information for Prescribers
  • 4
    • 80052418892 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk factors for opioid-induced excessive respiratory depression
    • Jungquist CR, Karan S, Perlis ML. Risk factors for opioid-induced excessive respiratory depression. Pain Manag Nurs 2011;12(3):180-187.
    • (2011) Pain Manag Nurs , vol.12 , Issue.3 , pp. 180-187
    • Jungquist, C.R.1    Karan, S.2    Perlis, M.L.3
  • 5
    • 85030407292 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Opioid Toxicity: Medscape. . Available at: (accessed December 2013); updated October 23, 2012, accessed December 8 2013.
    • Stephens E, Louden M, VanDe Voort J, etal. Opioid Toxicity: Medscape. 2012. Available at: http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/815784-overview (accessed December 2013); updated October 23, 2012, accessed December 8 2013.
    • (2012)
    • Stephens, E.1    Louden, M.2    VanDe Voort, J.3
  • 6
    • 67651094525 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trends in long-term opioid therapy for chronic non-cancer pain
    • Boudreau D, Von Korff M, Rutter CM, etal. Trends in long-term opioid therapy for chronic non-cancer pain. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2009;18(12):1166-1175.
    • (2009) Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf , vol.18 , Issue.12 , pp. 1166-1175
    • Boudreau, D.1    Von Korff, M.2    Rutter, C.M.3
  • 7
    • 84856506438 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CDC Grand Rounds. Prescription Drug Overdoses-A US Epidemic
    • CDC Grand Rounds. Prescription Drug Overdoses-A US Epidemic. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2012;61(1):10-13.
    • (2012) MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep , vol.61 , Issue.1 , pp. 10-13
  • 8
    • 77957999987 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Therapeutic use, abuse, and nonmedical use of opioids: A ten-year perspective
    • Manchikanti L, Fellows B, Ailinani H, Pampati V. Therapeutic use, abuse, and nonmedical use of opioids: A ten-year perspective. Pain Physician 2010;13(5):401-435.
    • (2010) Pain Physician , vol.13 , Issue.5 , pp. 401-435
    • Manchikanti, L.1    Fellows, B.2    Ailinani, H.3    Pampati, V.4
  • 9
    • 50249158649 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence and characteristics of opioid use in the US adult population
    • Parsells Kelly J, Cook SF, Kaufman DW, etal. Prevalence and characteristics of opioid use in the US adult population. Pain 2008;138(3):507-513.
    • (2008) Pain , vol.138 , Issue.3 , pp. 507-513
    • Parsells Kelly, J.1    Cook, S.F.2    Kaufman, D.W.3
  • 10
    • 49049087890 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trends in use of opioids for non-cancer pain conditions 2000-2005 in commercial and Medicaid insurance plans: The TROUP study
    • Sullivan MD, Edlund MJ, Fan MY, etal. Trends in use of opioids for non-cancer pain conditions 2000-2005 in commercial and Medicaid insurance plans: The TROUP study. Pain 2008;138(2):440-449.
    • (2008) Pain , vol.138 , Issue.2 , pp. 440-449
    • Sullivan, M.D.1    Edlund, M.J.2    Fan, M.Y.3
  • 11
    • 28644437988 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regular use of prescribed opioids: Association with common psychiatric disorders
    • Sullivan MD, Edlund MJ, Steffick D, Unutzer J. Regular use of prescribed opioids: Association with common psychiatric disorders. Pain 2005;119(1-3):95-103.
    • (2005) Pain , vol.119 , Issue.1-3 , pp. 95-103
    • Sullivan, M.D.1    Edlund, M.J.2    Steffick, D.3    Unutzer, J.4
  • 13
    • 84855735170 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A history of being prescribed controlled substances and risk of drug overdose death
    • Paulozzi LJ, Kilbourne EM, Shah NG, etal. A history of being prescribed controlled substances and risk of drug overdose death. Pain Med 2012;13(1):87-95.
    • (2012) Pain Med , vol.13 , Issue.1 , pp. 87-95
    • Paulozzi, L.J.1    Kilbourne, E.M.2    Shah, N.G.3
  • 14
    • 0030897055 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The use of opioids for the treatment of chronic pain. A consensus statement from the American Academy of Pain Medicine and the American Pain Society
    • American Academy of Pain Medicine and the American Pain Society. The use of opioids for the treatment of chronic pain. A consensus statement from the American Academy of Pain Medicine and the American Pain Society. Clin J Pain 1997;13:6-8.
    • (1997) Clin J Pain , vol.13 , pp. 6-8
  • 15
    • 84879737782 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vital Signs. Overdoses of prescription opioid pain relievers and other drugs among women-United States, 1999-2010
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Vital Signs. Overdoses of prescription opioid pain relievers and other drugs among women-United States, 1999-2010. Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2013;62(26):537-542.
    • (2013) Morb Mortal Wkly Rep , vol.62 , Issue.26 , pp. 537-542
  • 16
    • 84871381789 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk factors for prescription opioid-related death, Utah, 2008-2009
    • Lanier WA, Johnson EM, Rolfs RT, Friedrichs MD, Grey TC. Risk factors for prescription opioid-related death, Utah, 2008-2009. Pain Med 2012;13(12):1580-1589.
    • (2012) Pain Med , vol.13 , Issue.12 , pp. 1580-1589
    • Lanier, W.A.1    Johnson, E.M.2    Rolfs, R.T.3    Friedrichs, M.D.4    Grey, T.C.5
  • 17
    • 84875945895 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characteristics of opioid-users whose death was related to opioid-toxicity: a population-based study in Ontario, Canada
    • Madadi P, Hildebrandt D, Lauwers AE, Koren G. Characteristics of opioid-users whose death was related to opioid-toxicity: a population-based study in Ontario, Canada. PLoS One. 2013;8(4):e60600.
    • (2013) PLoS One , vol.8 , Issue.4 , pp. e60600
    • Madadi, P.1    Hildebrandt, D.2    Lauwers, A.E.3    Koren, G.4
  • 18
    • 68249124120 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of drug overdose deaths involving methadone and other opioid analgesics in West Virginia
    • Paulozzi LJ, Logan JE, Hall AJ, etal. A comparison of drug overdose deaths involving methadone and other opioid analgesics in West Virginia. Addiction 2009;104(9):1541-1548.
    • (2009) Addiction , vol.104 , Issue.9 , pp. 1541-1548
    • Paulozzi, L.J.1    Logan, J.E.2    Hall, A.J.3
  • 19
    • 60549107050 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Opioid deaths in rural Virginia: A description of the high prevalence of accidental fatalities involving prescribed medications
    • Wunsch MJ, Nakamoto K, Behonick G, Massello W. Opioid deaths in rural Virginia: A description of the high prevalence of accidental fatalities involving prescribed medications. Am J Addict 2009;18(1):5-14.
    • (2009) Am J Addict , vol.18 , Issue.1 , pp. 5-14
    • Wunsch, M.J.1    Nakamoto, K.2    Behonick, G.3    Massello, W.4
  • 20
    • 57449112519 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patterns of abuse among unintentional pharmaceutical overdose fatalities
    • Hall AJ, Logan JE, Toblin RL, etal. Patterns of abuse among unintentional pharmaceutical overdose fatalities. JAMA 2008;300(22):2613-2620.
    • (2008) JAMA , vol.300 , Issue.22 , pp. 2613-2620
    • Hall, A.J.1    Logan, J.E.2    Toblin, R.L.3
  • 21
    • 79953748230 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association between opioid prescribing patterns and opioid overdose-related deaths
    • Bohnert AS, Valenstein M, Bair MJ, etal. Association between opioid prescribing patterns and opioid overdose-related deaths. JAMA 2011;305(13):1315-1321.
    • (2011) JAMA , vol.305 , Issue.13 , pp. 1315-1321
    • Bohnert, A.S.1    Valenstein, M.2    Bair, M.J.3
  • 22
    • 84911987607 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Results from the 2009 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: volume 1: summary of national findings. Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration
    • Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Results from the 2009 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: volume 1: summary of national findings. Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 2010.
    • (2010)
  • 23
    • 84911986117 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Overdose Deaths Involving Prescription Opioids Among Medicaid Enrollees-Washington, 2004-2007. Atlanta, Ga: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Contract No.: 42.
    • Coolen P, Best S. Overdose Deaths Involving Prescription Opioids Among Medicaid Enrollees-Washington, 2004-2007. Atlanta, Ga: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2009 Contract No.: 42.
    • (2009)
    • Coolen, P.1    Best, S.2
  • 24
    • 84866917870 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Geographic variation in opioid prescribing in the U.S
    • McDonald DC, Carlson K, Izrael D. Geographic variation in opioid prescribing in the U.S. J Pain 2012;13(10):988-996.
    • (2012) J Pain , vol.13 , Issue.10 , pp. 988-996
    • McDonald, D.C.1    Carlson, K.2    Izrael, D.3
  • 25
    • 74949083811 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Opioid prescriptions for chronic pain and overdose: A cohort study
    • Dunn KM, Saunders KW, Rutter CM, etal. Opioid prescriptions for chronic pain and overdose: A cohort study. Ann Intern Med 2010;152(2):85-92.
    • (2010) Ann Intern Med , vol.152 , Issue.2 , pp. 85-92
    • Dunn, K.M.1    Saunders, K.W.2    Rutter, C.M.3
  • 26
    • 85030414187 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safe use of opioids in hospitals: Joint Commission on Accreditation of Health Care Organizations
    • Available at: (accessed December 2013).
    • Joint Commission on Accreditation of Health Care Organizations. Safe use of opioids in hospitals: Joint Commission on Accreditation of Health Care Organizations. 2012. Available at: http://www.jointcommission.org/assets/1/18/SEA_49_opioids_8_2_12_final.pdf (accessed December 2013).
    • (2012)
  • 27
    • 79958837174 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An analysis of the root causes for opioid-related overdose deaths in the United States
    • Webster LR, Cochella S, Dasgupta N, etal. An analysis of the root causes for opioid-related overdose deaths in the United States. Pain Med 2011;12(suppl 2):S26-35.
    • (2011) Pain Med , vol.12 , pp. S26-S35
    • Webster, L.R.1    Cochella, S.2    Dasgupta, N.3
  • 28
    • 84892548221 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Opioid prescribing: A systematic review and critical appraisal of guidelines for chronic pain
    • Nuckols TK, Anderson L, Popescu I, etal. Opioid prescribing: A systematic review and critical appraisal of guidelines for chronic pain. Ann Intern Med 2013;160(1):38-47.
    • (2013) Ann Intern Med , vol.160 , Issue.1 , pp. 38-47
    • Nuckols, T.K.1    Anderson, L.2    Popescu, I.3
  • 29
    • 77956944046 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emergency department visits among recipients of chronic opioid therapy
    • Braden JB, Russo J, Fan MY, etal. Emergency department visits among recipients of chronic opioid therapy. Arch Intern Med 2010;170(16):1425-1432.
    • (2010) Arch Intern Med , vol.170 , Issue.16 , pp. 1425-1432
    • Braden, J.B.1    Russo, J.2    Fan, M.Y.3
  • 30
    • 78049484700 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical characteristics of veterans prescribed high doses of opioid medications for chronic non-cancer pain
    • Morasco BJ, Duckart JP, Carr TP, Deyo RA, Dobscha SK. Clinical characteristics of veterans prescribed high doses of opioid medications for chronic non-cancer pain. Pain 2010;151(3):625-632.
    • (2010) Pain , vol.151 , Issue.3 , pp. 625-632
    • Morasco, B.J.1    Duckart, J.P.2    Carr, T.P.3    Deyo, R.A.4    Dobscha, S.K.5
  • 31
    • 84911986150 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ICD-9-CM Official Guidelines for Coding and Reporting: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Available at: (accessed November 2013).
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. ICD-9-CM Official Guidelines for Coding and Reporting: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/icd9/icd9cm_guidelines_2011.pdf (accessed November 2013).
  • 32
    • 55249084180 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Charlson comorbidity index is adapted to predict costs of chronic disease in primary care patients
    • Charlson ME, Charlson RE, Peterson JC, etal. The Charlson comorbidity index is adapted to predict costs of chronic disease in primary care patients. J Clin Epidemiol 2008;61(12):1234-1240.
    • (2008) J Clin Epidemiol , vol.61 , Issue.12 , pp. 1234-1240
    • Charlson, M.E.1    Charlson, R.E.2    Peterson, J.C.3
  • 33
    • 85030415102 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of Diagnosed Opioid Abuse and its Economic Burden in the Veterans Health Administration
    • Baser O, Xie L, Mardekian J, etal. Prevalence of Diagnosed Opioid Abuse and its Economic Burden in the Veterans Health Administration. Pain Pract 2013.
    • (2013) Pain Pract
    • Baser, O.1    Xie, L.2    Mardekian, J.3
  • 34
    • 34250804939 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Substance use disorders in a primary care sample receiving daily opioid therapy
    • Fleming MF, Balousek SL, Klessig CL, Mundt MP, Brown DD. Substance use disorders in a primary care sample receiving daily opioid therapy. J Pain 2007;8(7):573-582.
    • (2007) J Pain , vol.8 , Issue.7 , pp. 573-582
    • Fleming, M.F.1    Balousek, S.L.2    Klessig, C.L.3    Mundt, M.P.4    Brown, D.D.5
  • 35
    • 34548502259 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chronic opioid use is a risk factor for the development of central sleep apnea and ataxic breathing
    • Walker JM, Farney RJ, Rhondeau SM, etal. Chronic opioid use is a risk factor for the development of central sleep apnea and ataxic breathing. J Clin Sleep Med 2007;3(5):455-461.
    • (2007) J Clin Sleep Med , vol.3 , Issue.5 , pp. 455-461
    • Walker, J.M.1    Farney, R.J.2    Rhondeau, S.M.3
  • 36
    • 85030408568 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differences in Healthcare Utilization and Associated Costs Between Patients Prescribed vs. Nonprescribed Opioids During an Inpatient or Emergency Department Visit
    • Xie L, Joshi AV, Schaaf D, etal. Differences in Healthcare Utilization and Associated Costs Between Patients Prescribed vs. Nonprescribed Opioids During an Inpatient or Emergency Department Visit. Pain Pract 2013.
    • (2013) Pain Pract
    • Xie, L.1    Joshi, A.V.2    Schaaf, D.3
  • 41
    • 84911985481 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Technical Assistance Guide No. 01-13: Calculating Daily Morphine Milligram Equivalents: Prescription Drug Monitoring Program Training and Technical Assistance Center. . Available at: (accessed March 2014). updated Feb 28 2013.
    • Technical Assistance Guide No. 01-13: Calculating Daily Morphine Milligram Equivalents: Prescription Drug Monitoring Program Training and Technical Assistance Center. 2013. Available at: http://www.pdmpassist.org/pdf/BJA_performance:measure_aid_MME_conversion.pdf (accessed March 2014). updated Feb 28 2013.
    • (2013)
  • 42
    • 84911989960 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Technical Assistance Guide No. 02-13: Daily Morphine Milligram Equivalents Calculator and Guide.: Prescription Drug Monitoring Program Training and Technical Assistance Center. . Available at: (accessed March 2014). updated May 1 2013.
    • Prescription Drug Monitoring Program Training and Technical Assistance Center. Technical Assistance Guide No. 02-13: Daily Morphine Milligram Equivalents Calculator and Guide.: Prescription Drug Monitoring Program Training and Technical Assistance Center. 2013. Available at: http://www.pdmpassist.org/pdf/bja_performance:measure_aid_mme_conversion_tool.pdf (accessed March 2014). updated May 1 2013.
    • (2013)
  • 43
    • 33847109797 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use and misuse of the receiver operating characteristic curve in risk prediction
    • Cook NR. Use and misuse of the receiver operating characteristic curve in risk prediction. Circulation 2007;115(7):928-935.
    • (2007) Circulation , vol.115 , Issue.7 , pp. 928-935
    • Cook, N.R.1
  • 44
    • 84911989247 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cary, NC. .
    • SAS. 9.3. SAS Institute. Cary, NC. 2013.
    • (2013)
  • 45
    • 84881668596 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prescription opioid mortality trends in New York City, 1990-2006: Examining the emergence of an epidemic
    • Cerda M, Ransome Y, Keyes KM, etal. Prescription opioid mortality trends in New York City, 1990-2006: Examining the emergence of an epidemic. Drug Alcohol Depend 2013;132(1-2):53-62.
    • (2013) Drug Alcohol Depend , vol.132 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 53-62
    • Cerda, M.1    Ransome, Y.2    Keyes, K.M.3
  • 46
    • 84876672108 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Unintentional prescription opioid-related overdose deaths: Description of decedents by next of kin or best contact, Utah, 2008-2009
    • Johnson EM, Lanier WA, Merrill RM, etal. Unintentional prescription opioid-related overdose deaths: Description of decedents by next of kin or best contact, Utah, 2008-2009. J Gen Intern Med 2013;28(4):522-529.
    • (2013) J Gen Intern Med , vol.28 , Issue.4 , pp. 522-529
    • Johnson, E.M.1    Lanier, W.A.2    Merrill, R.M.3
  • 47
    • 54049152351 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ethnic differences in cardiovascular drug response: Potential contribution of pharmacogenetics
    • Johnson JA. Ethnic differences in cardiovascular drug response: Potential contribution of pharmacogenetics. Circulation 2008;118(13):1383-1393.
    • (2008) Circulation , vol.118 , Issue.13 , pp. 1383-1393
    • Johnson, J.A.1
  • 50
    • 84885896261 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does marriage protect against hospitalization with pneumonia? A population-based case-control study
    • Mor A, Ulrichsen SP, Svensson E, Berencsi K, Thomsen RW. Does marriage protect against hospitalization with pneumonia? A population-based case-control study. Clin Epidemiol 2013;5:397-405.
    • (2013) Clin Epidemiol , vol.5 , pp. 397-405
    • Mor, A.1    Ulrichsen, S.P.2    Svensson, E.3    Berencsi, K.4    Thomsen, R.W.5
  • 51
    • 84891590961 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Marital status and survival in patients with cancer
    • Aizer AA, Chen MH, McCarthy EP, etal. Marital status and survival in patients with cancer. J Clin Oncol 2013;31(31):3869-3876.
    • (2013) J Clin Oncol , vol.31 , Issue.31 , pp. 3869-3876
    • Aizer, A.A.1    Chen, M.H.2    McCarthy, E.P.3
  • 52
    • 84867742534 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Marital status: A gender-independent risk factor for poorer survival after radical cystectomy
    • Sammon JD, Morgan M, Djahangirian O, etal. Marital status: A gender-independent risk factor for poorer survival after radical cystectomy. BJU Int 2012;110(9):1301-1309.
    • (2012) BJU Int , vol.110 , Issue.9 , pp. 1301-1309
    • Sammon, J.D.1    Morgan, M.2    Djahangirian, O.3
  • 53
    • 84872431008 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prescription Drugs: Abuse and Addiction
    • Older Adults. Available at: (accessed October 2013).
    • National Institute on Drug Abuse. Prescription Drugs: Abuse and Addiction. Older Adults. Available at: www.drugabuse.gov/publications/research-reports/prescription-drugs/trends-in-prescription-drug-abuse/older-adults (accessed October 2013).
  • 54
    • 68249114476 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacological management of persistent pain in older persons
    • American Geriatrics Society Panel on Pharmacological Management of Persistent Pain in Older
    • American Geriatrics Society Panel on Pharmacological Management of Persistent Pain in Older P. Pharmacological management of persistent pain in older persons. J Am Geriatr Soc 2009;57(8):1331-1346.
    • (2009) J Am Geriatr Soc , vol.57 , Issue.8 , pp. 1331-1346
  • 55
    • 58949087497 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical guidelines for the use of chronic opioid therapy in chronic noncancer pain
    • Chou R, Fanciullo GJ, Fine PG, etal. Clinical guidelines for the use of chronic opioid therapy in chronic noncancer pain. J Pain 2009;10(2):113-130.
    • (2009) J Pain , vol.10 , Issue.2 , pp. 113-130
    • Chou, R.1    Fanciullo, G.J.2    Fine, P.G.3
  • 56
    • 36348955077 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do users of regularly prescribed opioids have higher rates of substance use problems than nonusers?
    • Edlund MJ, Sullivan M, Steffick D, Harris KM, Wells KB. Do users of regularly prescribed opioids have higher rates of substance use problems than nonusers? Pain Med 2007;8(8):647-656.
    • (2007) Pain Med , vol.8 , Issue.8 , pp. 647-656
    • Edlund, M.J.1    Sullivan, M.2    Steffick, D.3    Harris, K.M.4    Wells, K.B.5
  • 57
    • 84857848576 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association of mental health disorders with prescription opioids and high-risk opioid use in US veterans of Iraq and Afghanistan
    • Seal KH, Shi Y, Cohen G, etal. Association of mental health disorders with prescription opioids and high-risk opioid use in US veterans of Iraq and Afghanistan. JAMA 2012;307(9):940-947.
    • (2012) JAMA , vol.307 , Issue.9 , pp. 940-947
    • Seal, K.H.1    Shi, Y.2    Cohen, G.3
  • 58
    • 84885199322 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • FDA Blueprint for Prescriber Education for Extended-Release and Long-Acting Opioid Analgesics
    • US Food and Drug Administration. .
    • Food and Drug Administration. FDA Blueprint for Prescriber Education for Extended-Release and Long-Acting Opioid Analgesics. US Food and Drug Administration. 2013.
    • (2013)
  • 59
    • 84865003960 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vital Signs: Risk for overdose from methadone used for pain relief-United States, 1999-2010
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Vital Signs: Risk for overdose from methadone used for pain relief-United States, 1999-2010. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2012;61(26):493-497.
    • (2012) MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep , vol.61 , Issue.26 , pp. 493-497
  • 60
    • 79251563771 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trends in opioid use and dosing among socio-economically disadvantaged patients
    • Gomes T, Juurlink DN, Dhalla IA, etal. Trends in opioid use and dosing among socio-economically disadvantaged patients. Open Med 2011;5(1):e13-22.
    • (2011) Open Med , vol.5 , Issue.1 , pp. e13-e22
    • Gomes, T.1    Juurlink, D.N.2    Dhalla, I.A.3
  • 61
    • 69549121882 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Establishing "best practices" for opioid rotation: Conclusions of an expert panel
    • Ad Hoc Expert Panel on Evidence R, Guidelines for Opioid R
    • Fine PG, Portenoy RK, Ad Hoc Expert Panel on Evidence R, Guidelines for Opioid R. Establishing "best practices" for opioid rotation: Conclusions of an expert panel. J Pain Symptom Manage 2009;38(3):418-425.
    • (2009) J Pain Symptom Manage , vol.38 , Issue.3 , pp. 418-425
    • Fine, P.G.1    Portenoy, R.K.2
  • 62
  • 64
    • 84859784713 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Review and critique of opioid rotation practices and associated risks of toxicity
    • Webster LR, Fine PG. Review and critique of opioid rotation practices and associated risks of toxicity. Pain Med 2012;13(4):562-570.
    • (2012) Pain Med , vol.13 , Issue.4 , pp. 562-570
    • Webster, L.R.1    Fine, P.G.2
  • 65
    • 34548842800 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of seven opioids in P-glycoprotein-competent mice: Assessment of unbound brain EC50,u and correlation of in vitro, preclinical, and clinical data
    • Kalvass JC, Olson ER, Cassidy MP, Selley DE, Pollack GM. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of seven opioids in P-glycoprotein-competent mice: Assessment of unbound brain EC50, u and correlation of in vitro, preclinical, and clinical data. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2007;323(1):346-355.
    • (2007) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.323 , Issue.1 , pp. 346-355
    • Kalvass, J.C.1    Olson, E.R.2    Cassidy, M.P.3    Selley, D.E.4    Pollack, G.M.5
  • 66
    • 33750357220 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic variants of the P-glycoprotein gene Abcb1b modulate opioid-induced hyperalgesia, tolerance and dependence
    • Liang DY, Liao G, Lighthall GK, Peltz G, Clark DJ. Genetic variants of the P-glycoprotein gene Abcb1b modulate opioid-induced hyperalgesia, tolerance and dependence. Pharmacogenet Genomics 2006;16(11):825-835.
    • (2006) Pharmacogenet Genomics , vol.16 , Issue.11 , pp. 825-835
    • Liang, D.Y.1    Liao, G.2    Lighthall, G.K.3    Peltz, G.4    Clark, D.J.5
  • 67
    • 0034897861 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Equianalgesic dose ratios for opioids. a critical review and proposals for long-term dosing
    • Pereira J, Lawlor P, Vigano A, Dorgan M, Bruera E. Equianalgesic dose ratios for opioids. a critical review and proposals for long-term dosing. J Pain Symptom Manage 2001;22(2):672-687.
    • (2001) J Pain Symptom Manage , vol.22 , Issue.2 , pp. 672-687
    • Pereira, J.1    Lawlor, P.2    Vigano, A.3    Dorgan, M.4    Bruera, E.5
  • 68
    • 85030405092 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • US Veterans' Health Affairs Administration. Veterans Administration/Department of Defense Clinical Practice Guideline for Management of Opioid Therapy for Chronic Pain
    • Available at: (accessed March 2014).
    • US Veterans' Health Affairs Administration. Veterans Administration/Department of Defense Clinical Practice Guideline for Management of Opioid Therapy for Chronic Pain. 2010. Available at: http://www.va.gov/painmanagement/docs/cpg_opioidtherapy_fulltext.pdf (accessed March 2014).
    • (2010)
  • 69
    • 13244260911 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of tramadol in cancer pain treatment-A review
    • Leppert W, Luczak J. The role of tramadol in cancer pain treatment-A review. Support Care Cancer 2005;13(1):5-17.
    • (2005) Support Care Cancer , vol.13 , Issue.1 , pp. 5-17
    • Leppert, W.1    Luczak, J.2
  • 70
    • 84911988740 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tramadol, Drug and Chemical Evaluation. US Drug Enforcement Administration, Office of Diversion Control. August 29 2013. Available at: (accessed March 2014).
    • Drug Enforcement Administration. Tramadol, Drug and Chemical Evaluation. US Drug Enforcement Administration, Office of Diversion Control. August 29 2013. Available at: http://www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov/drug_chem_info/tramadol.pdf (accessed March 2014).
  • 71
    • 84911986815 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tramadol Label. Daily Med: Current Medication Information. National Library of Medicine. Available at: (accessed March 2014).
    • Tramadol Label. Daily Med: Current Medication Information. National Library of Medicine. Available at: http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=45f59e6f-1794-40a4-8f8b-3a9415924468 (accessed March 2014).
  • 73
    • 84885838006 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The economic burden of opioid-related poisoning in the United States
    • Inocencio TJ, Carroll NV, Read EJ, Holdford DA. The economic burden of opioid-related poisoning in the United States. Pain Med 2013;14(10):1534-1547.
    • (2013) Pain Med , vol.14 , Issue.10 , pp. 1534-1547
    • Inocencio, T.J.1    Carroll, N.V.2    Read, E.J.3    Holdford, D.A.4
  • 74
    • 79958820754 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Project Lazarus: Community-based overdose prevention in rural North Carolina
    • Albert S, Brason FW, Sanford CK, etal. Project Lazarus: Community-based overdose prevention in rural North Carolina. Pain Med 2011;12(suppl 2):S77-85.
    • (2011) Pain Med , vol.12 , pp. S77-S85
    • Albert, S.1    Brason, F.W.2    Sanford, C.K.3
  • 75
    • 77953595312 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Opioids for chronic noncancer pain: A new Canadian practice guideline
    • Furlan AD, Reardon R, Weppler C. Opioids for chronic noncancer pain: A new Canadian practice guideline. CMAJ 2010;182(9):923-930.
    • (2010) CMAJ , vol.182 , Issue.9 , pp. 923-930
    • Furlan, A.D.1    Reardon, R.2    Weppler, C.3
  • 76
    • 54749116035 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Addiction-related assessment tools and pain management: Instruments for Screening, treatment planning, and monitoring compliance
    • Passik SD, Kirsh KL, Casper D. Addiction-related assessment tools and pain management: Instruments for Screening, treatment planning, and monitoring compliance. Pain Med 2008;9:S145-166.
    • (2008) Pain Med , vol.9 , pp. S145-S166
    • Passik, S.D.1    Kirsh, K.L.2    Casper, D.3
  • 77
    • 84868638627 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevention of fatal opioid overdose
    • Beletsky L, Rich JD, Walley AY. Prevention of fatal opioid overdose. JAMA 2012;308(18):1863-1864.
    • (2012) JAMA , vol.308 , Issue.18 , pp. 1863-1864
    • Beletsky, L.1    Rich, J.D.2    Walley, A.Y.3
  • 79
    • 61549112758 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expanded access to naloxone: Options for critical response to the epidemic of opioid overdose mortality
    • Kim D, Irwin KS, Khoshnood K. Expanded access to naloxone: Options for critical response to the epidemic of opioid overdose mortality. Am J Public Health 2009;99(3):402-407.
    • (2009) Am J Public Health , vol.99 , Issue.3 , pp. 402-407
    • Kim, D.1    Irwin, K.S.2    Khoshnood, K.3
  • 80
    • 84911990666 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • AMA Adopts New Policies at Annual Meeting: American Medical Association. . Available at: (accessed December 2013).
    • American Medical Association. AMA Adopts New Policies at Annual Meeting: American Medical Association. 2012. Available at: https://www.ama-assn.org/ama/pub/news/news/2012-06-19-ama-adopts-new-policies.page (accessed December 2013).
    • (2012)


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.