Psychopathy and the ability to read the "language of the eyes": Divergence in the psychopathy construct

Scandinavian Journal of Psychology

Volumn 55, Issue 6, 2014, Pages 585-592

  Sandvik, Asle M ^a   Hansen, Anita L ^a,b   Johnsen, Bjørn Helge ^a   Laberg, Jon Christian ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BERGEN   (Norway)

^b HAUKELAND UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (Norway)

Author keywords

Aggression; PCL R; Psychopathy; Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test; SRP III; Theory of Mind

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AGED; ANTISOCIAL PERSONALITY DISORDER; EMOTION; HUMAN; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; NORWAY; PHYSIOLOGY; PRISONER; PSYCHOLOGY; THEORY OF MIND; YOUNG ADULT;

ADULT; AGED; ANTISOCIAL PERSONALITY DISORDER; EMOTIONS; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; NORWAY; PRISONERS; THEORY OF MIND; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84911805711     PISSN: 00365564     EISSN: 14679450     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/sjop.12138     Document Type: Article

References (64)

1. Adolphs, R., Baron-Cohen, S. & Tranel, D. (2002). Impaired recognition of social emotions following amygdala damage. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 14, 1264-1274.
2. Ali, F. & Chamorro-Premuzic, T. (2010). Investigating Theory of Mind deficits in nonclinical psychopathy and machiavellianism. Personality and Individual Differences, 49, 169-174.
3. Baron-Cohen, S. & Wheelwright, S. (2004). The empathy quotient: An investigation of adults with Asperger syndrome or high functioning autism, and normal sex differences. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 34, 163-175.
4. Baron-Cohen, S., Wheelwright, S., Hill, J., Raste, Y. & Plumb, I. (2001). The "Reading the Mind in the Eyes" test revised version: A study with normal adults, and adults with Asperger syndrome or high-functioning autism. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines, 42, 241-251.
5. Baron-Cohen, S., Wheelwright, S. & Jolliffe, T. (1997). Is there a ''language of the eyes''? Evidence from normal adults, and adults with autism or Asperger Syndrome. Visual Cognition, 4, 311-331.
6. Benning, S. D., Patrick, C. J., Salekin, R. T. & Leistico, A. M. R. (2005). Convergent and discriminant validity of psychopathy factors assessed via self-report - a comparison of three instruments. Assessment, 12, 270-289.
7. Blackburn, R. (2007). Personality disorder and psychopathy: Conceptual and empirical integration. Psychology Crime & Law, 13, 7-18.
8. Blair, R. J. R. (2003). Facial expressions, their communicatory functions and neuro-cognitive substrates. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B-Biological Sciences, 358, 561-572.
9. Blair, R. J. R. & Coles, M. (2000). Expression recognition and behavioural problems in early adolescence. Cognitive Development, 15, 421-434.
10. Blair, R. J. R., Mitchell, D. G. V., Peschardt, K. S., Colledge, E., Leonard, R. A., Shine, J. H., et al. (2004). Reduced sensitivity to others' fearful expressions in psychopathic individuals. Personality and Individual Differences, 37, 1111-1122.
11. Blair, R. J. R., Sellars, C., Strickland, I., Clark, F., Williams, A., Smith, M. & Jones, L. (1996). Theory of mind in the psychopath. Journal of Forensic Psychiatry, 7, 15-25.
12. Bolt, D. A., Hare, R. D., Vitale, J. E. & Newman, J. P. (2004). A multigroup item response theory analysis of the Psychopathy Checklist-Revised. Psychological Assessment, 16, 155-168.
13. Book, A. S., Quinsey, V. L. & Langford, D. (2007). Psychopathy and the perception of affect and vulnerability. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 34, 531-542.
14. Cleckley, H. M. (1941/1976). The mask of sanity (5th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Mosby.
15. Coid, J., Yang, M., Ullrich, S., Roberts, A. & Hare, R. D. (2009). Prevalence and correlates of psychopathic traits in the household population of Great Britain. International Journal of Law and Psychiatry, 32, 65-73.
16. Cooke, D. J., Kosson, D. S. & Michie, C. (2001). Psychopathy and ethnicity: Structural, item, and test generalizability of the psychopathy checklist-revised (PCL-R) in Caucasian and African American participants. Psychological Assessment, 13, 531-542.
17. Cooke, D. J. & Michie, C. (1999). Psychopathy across cultures: North America and Scotland compared. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 108, 58-68.
18. Davis, M. H. (1983). Measuring individual-differences in empathy - Evidence for a multidimensional approach. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 44, 113-126.
19. Dolan, M. & Fullam, R. (2004). Theory of mind and mentalizing ability in antisocial personality disorders with and without psychopathy. Psychological Medicine, 34, 1093-1102.
20. Fonagy, P. & Target, M. (1997). Attachment and reflective function: Their role in self-organization. Development and Psychopathology, 9, 679-700.
21. Glass, S. J. & Newman, J. P. (2006). Recognition of facial affect in psychopathic offenders. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 115, 815-820.
22. Graham, J. W. (2009). Missing data analysis: Making it work in the real world. The Annual Review of Psychology, 60, 549-576.
23. Haapasalo, J. & Pulkkinen, L. (1992). The Psychopathy Checklist and non-violent offender groups. Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health, 2, 315-328.
24. Hansen, A. L., Johnsen, B. H., Hart, S., Waage, L. & Thayer, J. F. (2008). Brief communication: Psychopathy and recognition of facial expressions of emotion. Journal of Personality Disorders, 22, 639-644.
25. Hansen, A. L., Johnsen, B. H., Thornton, D., Waage, L. & Thayer, J. F. (2007). Facets of psychopathy and heart rate variability and cognitive functions. Journal of Personality Disorders, 21, 568-582.
26. Hare, R. D. (1980). A Research scale for the assessment of psychopathy in criminal populations. Personality and Individual Differences, 1, 111-119.
27. Hare, R. D. (1985). Comparison of procedures for the assessment of psychopathy. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 53, 7-16.
28. Hare, R. D. (1991). The Hare Psychopathy Checklist-Revised. Toronto: Multi-Health Systems.
29. Hare, R. D. (1998). The Hare PCL-R: Some issues concerning its use and misuse. Legal and Criminological Psychology, 3, 99-119.
30. Hare, R. D. (1999). Psychopathy as a risk factor for violence. Psychiatric Quarterly, 70, 181-197.
31. Hare, R. D. (2001). Psychopaths and their nature: Some implications for understanding human predatory violence. In A. Raine & J. Sanmartín (Eds.), Violence & psychopahty (pp. 5-34). New York: Kluwer Academic / Plenum Publishers.
32. Hare, R. D. (2003). Hare Psychopathy Checklist -Revised (PCL-R) (2nd ed.). North Tonawada, NY: Multi-Health Systems Inc.
33. Hare, R. D. & Neumann, C. S. (2008). Psychopathy as a clinical and empirical construct. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 4, 217-246.
34. Hare, R. D. & Neumann, C. S. (2009). Psychopathy: Assessment and forensic implications. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry-Revue Canadienne De Psychiatrie, 54, 791-802.
35. Harkness, K. L., Sabbagh, M. A., Jacobson, J. A., Chowdrey, N. K. & Chen, T. (2005). Enhanced accuracy of mental state decoding in dysphoric college students. Cognition & Emotion, 19, 999-1025.
36. Harpur, T. J., Hare, R. D. & Hakstian, A. R. (1989). Two-factor conceptualization of psychopathy: Construct validity and assessment implications. Psychological Assessment, 1, 6-17.
37. Hastings, M. E., Tangney, J. P. & Stuewig, J. (2008). Psychopathy and identification of facial expressions of emotion. Personality and Individual Differences, 44, 1474-1483.
38. Hicks, B. M., Markon, K. E., Patrick, C. J., Krueger, R. F. & Newman, J. P. (2004). Identifying psychopathy subtypes on the basis of personality structure. Psychological Assessment, 16, 276-288.
39. Johns, J. H. & Quay, H. C. (1962). Effect of social reward on verbal conditioning in psychopathic and neurotic military offenders. Journal of Consulting Psychology, 26, 217-220.
40. Jones, D. N. & Paulhus, D. L. (2010). Different provocations trigger aggression in narcissists and psychopaths. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 1, 12-18.
41. Konrath, S., Corneille, O., Bushman, B. J. & Luminet, O. (2014). The relationship between narcissistic exploitativeness, dispositional empathy, and emotion recognition abilities. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 38, 129-143.
42. Kosson, D. S., Suchy, Y., Mayer, A. R. & Libby, J. (2002). Facial affect recognition in criminal psychopaths. Emotion, 2, 398-411.
43. Levenson, M. R., Kiehl, K. A. & Fitzpatrick, C. M. (1995). Assessing psychopathic attributes in a noninstitutionalized population. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 68, 151-158.
44. Lishner, D. A., Swim, E. R., Hong, P. Y. & Vitacco, M. J. (2011). Psychopathy and ability emotional intelligence: Widespread or limited association among facets? Personality and Individual Differences, 50, 1029-1033.
45. Marsh, A. A. & Blair, R. J. R. (2008). Deficits in facial affect recognition among antisocial populations: A meta-analysis. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 32, 454-465.
46. McDowell, I. (2006). Measuring health. A guide to rating scales and questionnaires. New York: Oxford Universty Press.
47. Morris, J. S., deBonis, M. & Dolan, R. J. (2002). Human amygdala responses to fearful eyes. Neuroimage, 17, 214-222.
48. Neumann, C. S. & Hare, R. D. (2008). Psychopathic traits in a large community sample: Links to violence, alcohol use, and intelligence. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 76, 893-899.
49. Paulhus, D. L., Neumann, C. S. & Hare, R. D. (in press). Manual for the Self-Report Psychopathy Scale. Toronto: Mulit-Health Systems.
50. Pham, T. H., Ducro, C. & Luminet, O. (2010). Psychopathy, alexithymia and emotional intelligence in a forensic hospital. International Journal of Forensic Mental Health, 9, 24-32.
51. Premack, D. & Woodruff, G. (1978). Does the chimpanzee have a theory of mind. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 1, 515-526.
52. Richell, R. A., Mitchell, D. G. V., Newman, C., Leonard, A., Baron-Cohen, S. & Blair, R. J. R. (2003). Theory of mind and psychopathy: Can psychopathic individuals read the 'language of the eyes'? Neuropsychologia, 41, 523-526.
53. Salekin, R. T. (2008). Psychopathy and recidivism from mid-adolescence to young adulthood: Cumulating legal problems and limiting life opportunities. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 117, 386-395.
54. Salekin, R. T., Trobst, K. K. & Krioukova, M. (2001). Construct validity of psychopathy in a community sample: A nomological net approach. Journal of Personality Disorders, 15, 425-441.
55. Sandvik, A. M., Hansen, A. L., Kristensen, M. V., Johnsen, B. H., Logan, C. & Thornton, D. (2012). Assessment of psychopathy: Inter-correlations between Psychopathy Checklist Revised, Comprehensive Assessment of Psychopathic Personality - Institutional Rating Scale, and Self-Report of Psychopathy Scale-III. International Journal of Forensic Mental Health, 11, 280-288.
56. Serin, R. C. (1992). The clinical application of the Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R) in a prison population. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 48, 637-642.
57. Serin, R. C. (1996). Violent recidivism in criminal psychopaths. Law and Human Behavior, 20, 207-217.
58. Shamay-Tsoory, S. G., Harari, H., Aharon-Peretz, J. & Levkovitz, Y. (2010). The role of the orbitofrontal cortex in affective theory of mind deficits in criminal offenders with psychopathic tendencies. Cortex, 46, 668-677.
59. Sharp, C. (2008). Theory of Mind and conduct problems in children: Deficits in reading the "emotions of the eyes". Cognition & Emotion, 22, 1149-1158.
60. Skeem, J. L., Johansson, P., Andershed, H., Kerr, M. & Louden, J. E. (2007). Two subtypes of psychopathic violent offenders that parallel primary and secondary variants. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 116, 853-853.
61. Skeem, J. L., Polaschek, D. L. L., Patrick, C. J. & Lilienfeld, S. O. (2011). Psychopathic personality: Bridging the gap between scientific evidence and public policy. Psychological Science in the Public Interest, 12, 95-162.
62. Swogger, M. T. & Kosson, D. S. (2007). Identifying subtypes of criminal psychopaths - a replication and extension. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 34, 953-969.
63. Taubner, S., White, L. O., Zimmermann, J., Fonagy, P. & Nolte, T. (2013). Attachment-related mentalization moderates the relationship between psychopathic traits and proactive aggression in adolescence. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 41, 929-938.
64. Wheeler, S., Book, A. & Costello, K. (2009). Psychopathic traits and perceptions of victim vulnerability. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 36, 635-648.