Effect of different episiotomy techniques on perineal pain and sexual activity 3 months after delivery

International Urogynecology Journal

Volumn 25, Issue 12, 2014, Pages 1629-1637

  Fodstad, Kathrine ^a   Staff, Anne Cathrine ^a,b   Laine, Katariina ^a,b  

^a ULLEVÅL UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (Norway)

^b UNIVERSITY OF OSLO   (Norway)

Author keywords

Episiotomy; Perineal pain; Perineal wound infection; Postpartum sexual function

Indexed keywords

ANTIBIOTIC AGENT;

ADULT; ANTIBIOTIC THERAPY; ANUS SPHINCTER; ARTICLE; BREAST FEEDING; COITUS; CONTROLLED STUDY; DEFECATION; DYSPAREUNIA; EPISIOTOMY; FEMALE; FOLLOW UP; FORCEPS DELIVERY; HUMAN; INCISION; INTERMETHOD COMPARISON; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MATERNAL AGE; MICTURITION; NOCICEPTION; OBSERVATIONAL STUDY; PAIN ASSESSMENT; PERINEAL PAIN; PROSPECTIVE STUDY; PUERPERIUM; QUESTIONNAIRE; SCAR FORMATION; SEXUAL BEHAVIOR; SEXUAL FUNCTION; SURGICAL INFECTION; SURGICAL INJURY; SURGICAL TECHNIQUE; VACUUM EXTRACTION; VAGINAL DELIVERY; VISUAL ANALOG SCALE; ADOLESCENT; ADVERSE EFFECTS; COMPARATIVE STUDY; DELIVERY; INCIDENCE; INJURIES; PAIN MEASUREMENT; PERINEUM; PREVALENCE; PROCEDURES; SURGERY; SURGICAL WOUND INFECTION; TIME; YOUNG ADULT;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; DELIVERY, OBSTETRIC; DYSPAREUNIA; EPISIOTOMY; FEMALE; FOLLOW-UP STUDIES; HUMANS; INCIDENCE; PAIN MEASUREMENT; PERINEUM; PREVALENCE; PROSPECTIVE STUDIES; QUESTIONNAIRES; SEXUAL BEHAVIOR; SURGICAL WOUND INFECTION; TIME FACTORS; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84911805484     PISSN: 09373462     EISSN: 14333023     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00192-014-2401-2     Document Type: Article

References (30)

1. Carroli G, Mignini L (2009) Episiotomy for vaginal birth. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 1:CD000081
2. Cunningham F, Leveno K, Bloom S, Hauth J, Rouse D, Spong C (2010) Williams obstetrics. 23rd edn. McGraw Hill, New York
3. De Leeuw JW, de Wit C, Kuijken JP, Bruinse HW (2008) Mediolateral episiotomy reduces the risk for anal sphincter injury during operative vaginal delivery. BJOG 115:104–108
4. Laine K, Skjeldestad FE, Sandvik L, Staff AC (2012) Incidence of obstetric anal sphincter injuries after training to protect the perineum: cohort study. BMJ Open 2:e001649
5. Kalis V, Laine K, de Leeuw JW, Ismail KM, Tincello DG (2012) Classification of episiotomy: towards a standardisation of terminology. BJOG 119:522–526
6. Fodstad K, Laine K, Staff AC (2013) Different episiotomy techniques, postpartum perineal pain, and blood loss: an observational study. Int Urogynecol J 24:865–872
7. Tincello DG, Williams A, Fowler GE, Adams EJ, Richmond DH, Alfirevic Z (2003) Differences in episiotomy technique between midwives and doctors. BJOG 110:1041–1044
8. Andrews V, Thakar R, Sultan AH, Jones PW (2005) Are mediolateral episiotomies actually mediolateral? BJOG 112:1156–1158
9. Kalis V, Stepan J Jr, Horak M, Roztocil A, Kralickova M, Rokyta Z (2008) Definitions of mediolateral episiotomy in Europe. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 100:188–189
10. Aytan H, Tapisiz OL, Tuncay G, Avsar FA (2005) Severe perineal lacerations in nulliparous women and episiotomy type. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 121:46–50
11. Stedenfeldt M, Pirhonen J, Blix E, Wilsgaard T, Vonen B, Øian P (2012) Episiotomy characteristics and risks for obstetric anal sphincter injuries: a case–control study. BJOG 119:724–730
12. Stedenfeldt M, Øian P, Gissler M, Blix E, Pirhonen J (2014) Risk factors for obstetric anal sphincter injury after a successful multicentre interventional programme. BJOG 21:83–91
13. Räisänen S, Vehviläinen-Julkunen K, Gissler M, Heinonen S (2012) Hospital-based lateral episiotomy and obstetric anal sphincter injury rates: a retrospective population-based register study. Am J Obstet Gynecol 206:347.e1–347.e6
14. Coats PM, Chan KK, Wilkins M, Beard RJ (1980) A comparison between midline and mediolateral episiotomies. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 87:408–412
15. Shiono P, Klebanoff MA, Carey JC (1990) Midline episiotomies: more harm than good? Obstet Gynecol 75:765–770
16. Eogan M, Daly L, O’Connell PR, O’Herlihy C (2006) Does the angle of episiotomy affect the incidence of anal sphincter injury? BJOG 113:190–194
17. Karbanova J, Rusavy Z, Betincova L, Jansova M, Parizek A, Kalis V (2014) Clinical evaluation of peripartum outcomes of mediolateral versus lateral episiotomy. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 124:72–76
18. Raisanen S, Cartwright R, Gissler M et al (2013) Changing associations of episiotomy and anal sphincter injury across risk strata: results of a population-based register study in Finland 2004–2011. BMJ Open 3:e003216
19. Chang SR, Chen KH, Lin HH, Chao YM, Lai YH (2011) Comparison of the effects of episiotomy and no episiotomy on pain, urinary incontinence, and sexual function 3 months postpartum: a prospective follow-up study. Int J Nurs Stud 48:409–418
20. Andrews V, Thakar R, Sultan AH, Jones PW (2008) Evaluation of postpartum perineal pain and dyspareunia—a prospective study. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 137:152–156
21. Macarthur AJ, Macarthur C (2004) Incidence, severity, and determinants of perineal pain after vaginal delivery: a prospective cohort study. Am J Obstet Gynecol 191:1199–1204
22. Röckner G, Henningsson A, Wahlberg V, Ölund A (1987) Evaluation of episiotomy and spontaneous tears of the perineum during childbirth. Scand J Caring Sci 2:19–24
23. Larsson PG, Platz-Christensen JJ, Bergman B, Wallstersson G (1991) Advantage or disadvantage of episiotomy compared with spontaneous perineal laceration. Gynecol Obstet Invest 31:213–216
24. Sleep J, Grant A (1987) West Berkshire perineal management trial: three year follow up. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 295:749–751
25. Amorim Francisco A, Junqueira Vasconcellos de Oliveira SM, Barbosa da Silva FM, Bick D, Gonzalez Riesco ML (2011) Women’s experiences of perineal pain during the immediate postnatal period: a cross-sectional study in Brazil. Midwifery 27:e254–e259
26. Signorello LB, Harlow BL, Chekos AK, Repke JT (2001) Postpartum sexual functioning and its relationship to perineal trauma: a retrospective cohort study of primiparous women. Am J Obstet Gynecol 184:881–888, discussion 888–890
27. Rathfisch G, Dikencik BK, Kizilkaya Beji N, Comert N, Tekirdag AI, Kadioglu A (2010) Effects of perineal trauma on postpartum sexual function. J Adv Nurs 66:2640–2649
28. Klein MC, Gauthier RJ, Robbins JM et al (1994) Relationship of episiotomy to perineal trauma and morbidity, sexual dysfunction, and pelvic floor relaxation. Am J Obstet Gynecol 171:591–598
29. Rådestad I, Olsson A, Nissen E, Rubertsson C (2008) Tears in the vagina, perineum, sphincter ani, and rectum and first sexual intercourse after childbirth: a nationwide follow-up. Birth 35:98–106
30. Buhling KJ, Schmidt S, Robinson JN, Klapp C, Siebert G, Dudenhausen JW (2006) Rate of dyspareunia after delivery in primiparae according to mode of delivery. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 124:42–46