Unmet need for family planning, contraceptive failure, and unintended pregnancy among HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected women in Zimbabwe

PLoS ONE

Volumn 9, Issue 8, 2014, Pages

  McCoy, Sandra I ^a   Buzdugan, Raluca ^a   Ralph, Lauren J ^a   Mushavi, Angela ^b   Mahomva, Agnes ^c   Hakobyan, Anna ^d   Watadzaushe, Constancia ^e   Dirawo, Jeffrey ^e   Cowan, Frances M ^e,f   Padian, Nancy S ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b MINISTRY OF HEALTH AND CHILD CARE   (Zimbabwe)

^c ELIZABETH GLASER PEDIATRIC AIDS FOUNDATION   (United States)

^d Children's Investment Fund Foundation (CIFF)   (United Kingdom)

^e CENTRE FOR SEXUAL HEALTH AND HIV AIDS RESEARCH   (Zimbabwe)

^f UNIVERSITY COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; ATTITUDE TO PREGNANCY; CONTRACEPTION; CONTROLLED STUDY; FAMILY PLANNING; FEMALE; HEALTH CARE NEED; HEALTH CARE UTILIZATION; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTED PATIENT; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MARRIED WOMAN; SELF REPORT; SEXUALITY; TIME TO PREGNANCY; UNPLANNED PREGNANCY; ZIMBABWE; CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICE; PREGNANCY; STATISTICS AND NUMERICAL DATA;

ADULT; CONTRACEPTION; CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FAMILY PLANNING SERVICES; FEMALE; HIV INFECTIONS; HUMANS; PREGNANCY; PREGNANCY, UNPLANNED; ZIMBABWE;

EID: 84911444245     PISSN: None     EISSN: 19326203     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0105320     Document Type: Article

References (48)

1. UNAIDS (2010) Report on the Global AIDS Epidemic. Geneva. Available: http://www.unaids.org/globalreport/Global-report.htm. Accessed 2014 July 24.
2. World Health Organization (2011) Global HIV/AIDS Response: Epidemic update and health sector progress towards Universal Access. Progress Report 2011. Geneva. Available: http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2011/ 9789241502986-eng.pdf. Accessed 2014 July 24.
3. UNAIDS (2012) Report on the Global AIDS Epidemic. Geneva. Available: http://www.unaids.org/en/media/unaids/contentassets/documents/epidemiology/2012/ gr2012/20121120-UNAIDS-Global-Report-2012-with-annexes-en.pdf. Accessed 2014 July 24.
4. World Health Organization, UNICEF, Interagency Task Team of Prevention of HIV Infection in Pregnant Women, Mothers, and their Children (2007) Guidance on Global Scale-Up of the Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission of HIV. Geneva. Available: http://www.unicef.org/aids/files/PMTCT-enWEBNov26.pdf. Accessed 2014 July 24.
5. Wilcher R, Petruney T, Reynolds HW, Cates W (2008) From effectiveness to impact: contraception as an HIV prevention intervention. Sexually transmitted infections 84 Suppl 2: ii54-60.
6. Reynolds HW, Janowitz B, Wilcher R, Cates W (2008) Contraception to prevent HIV-positive births: current contribution and potential cost savings in PEPFAR countries. Sexually transmitted infections 84 Suppl 2: ii49-53.
7. Petruney T, Robinson E, Reynolds H, Wilcher R, Cates W (2008) Contraception is the best kept secret for prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission. Bulletin of the World Health Organization 86: B.
8. Reynolds HW, Janowitz B, Homan R, Johnson L (2006) The value of contraception to prevent perinatal HIV transmission. Sexually transmitted diseases 33: 350-356. (Pubitemid 43833021)
9. Yamey G, Cohen CR, Bukusi EA (2012) Meeting an unmet need for family planning. BMJ 344: e4160.
10. United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs (2011) World Contraceptive Use 2011. Available: http://www.un.org/esa/population/ publications/contraceptive2011/wallchart-front.pdf. Accessed 2014 July 24.
11. Hladik W, Stover J, Esiru G, Harper M, Tappero J (2009) The contribution of family planning towards the prevention of vertical HIV transmission in Uganda. PloS one 4: e7691.
12. Sweat MD, O'Reilly KR, Schmid GP, Denison J, de Zoysa I (2004) Cost-effectiveness of nevirapine to prevent mother-to-child HIV transmission in eight African countries. AIDS 18: 1661-1671. (Pubitemid 39095783)
13. Reynolds HW, Steiner MJ, Cates W Jr (2005) Contraception's proved potential to fight HIV. Sexually transmitted infections 81: 184-185. (Pubitemid 40523841)
14. Mahy M, Stover J, Kiragu K, Hayashi C, Akwara P, et al. (2010) What will it take to achieve virtual elimination of mother-to-child transmission of HIV? An assessment of current progress and future needs. Sexually transmitted infections 86 Suppl 2: ii48-55.
15. The Inter-agency Task Team for Prevention and Treatment of HIV Infection in Pregnant Women Mothers and their Children (2012) Preventing HIV and unintended pregnancies: strategic framework 2011-2015. New York: United Nations Population Fund. Available: http://www.unfpa.org/webdav/site/global/shared/ documents/publications/2012/Prevent ingHIV-UnintendedPregnancies-SF2011-2015. pdf. Accessed: 2014 July 24.
16. Espey E, Ogburn T (2011) Long-acting reversible contraceptives: intrauterine devices and the contraceptive implant. Obstet Gynecol 117: 705-719.
17. Trussell J (2007) The essentials of contraception: efficacy, safety, and personal considerations. In: Hatcher RA, Trussell J, Nelson AL, Cates W, Stewart FH et al., editors. Contraceptive Technology. New York: Ardent Media. 221-252.
18. Hubacher D, Mavranezouli I, McGinn E (2008) Unintended pregnancy in sub-Saharan Africa: magnitude of the problem and potential role of contraceptive implants to alleviate it. Contraception 78: 73-78.
19. Hayford SR, Agadjanian V, Luz L (2012) Now or Never: Perceived HIV Status and Fertility Intentions in Rural Mozambique. Studies in Family Planning 43: 191-199.
20. Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) (2011) Global Plan Towards the Elimination of New HIV Infections Among Children By 2015 and Keeping their Mothers Alive, 2011-2015. Geneva. Available: http://www.unaids.org/en/ media/unaids/contentassets/documents/unaidspublication/2013/20130625-progress- global-plan-en.pdf. Accesssed 2014 July 24.
21. Zimbabwe National Statistics Agency (ZIMSTAT) and ICF International (2012) Zimbabwe Demographic and Health Survey 2010-2011. Calverton, Maryland: ZIMSTAT and ICF International, Inc.
22. World Health Organization, UNICEF, UNFPA, World Bank (2012) Trends in Maternal Mortality: 1990 to 2010. Geneva: World Health Organization. Available: http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2012/9789241503631-eng.pdf. Accessed 2014 July 24.
23. World Health Organization (2010) Antiretroviral Drugs for Treating Pregnant Women and Preventing HIV Infection in Infants: Recommendations for a public health approach. Geneva. Available: http://whqlibdoc.who.int/ publications/2010/9789241599818-eng.pdf. Accessed 2014 July 24.
24. World Health Organization (2009) Rapid Advice: Use of Antiretroviral Drugs for Treating Pregnant Women and Preventing HIV Infection in Infants. Geneva. Available: http://www.who.int/hiv/pub/mtct/rapid-advice-mtct.pdf. Accessed 2014 July 24.
25. Buzdugan R, McCoy SI, Petersen M, Guay LA, Mushavi A, et al. (2013) Feasibility of population-based cross-sectional surveys for estimating vertical HIV transmission: data from Zimbabwe. 7th IAS Conference on HIV Pathogenesis, Treatment and Prevention, Kuala Lumpur.
26. World Health Organization (2011) WHO/UNICEF estimates of national immunization coverage. Immunization Surveillance, Assessment and Monitoring. Geneva. Available: http://www.who.int/immunization-monitoring/en/globalsummary/ timeseries/tswucoveragedtp3.htm. Accessed 2014 July 24.
27. Santelli J, Rochat R, Hatfield-Timajchy K, Gilbert BC, Curtis K, et al. (2003) The measurement and meaning of unintended pregnancy. Perspect Sex Reprod Health 35: 94-101. (Pubitemid 36432080)
28. Brown SS, Eisenberg L (1995) The Best Intentions: Unintended Pregnancy and the Well-Being of Children and Families. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press.
29. Koenig MA, Acharya R, Singh S, Roy TK (2006) Do current measurement approaches underestimate levels of unwanted childbearing? Evidence from rural India. Popul Stud (Camb) 60: 243-256. (Pubitemid 44560608)
30. Kolenikov S, Angeles G (2004) The Use of Discrete Data in Principal Component Analysis With Applications to Socio-Economic Indices. CPC/MEASURE Working paper. Chapel Hill, North Carolina: MEASURE Evaluation. Available http://www.cpc.unc.edu/measure/publications/wp-04-85. Accessed 2014 July 24.
31. Vyas S, Kumaranayake L (2006) Constructing socio-economic status indices: how to use principal components analysis. Health policy and planning 21: 459-468. (Pubitemid 44627319)
32. Filmer D, Pritchett L (2001) Estimating Wealth Effect Without Expenditure Data-Or Tears: An Application to Educational Enrollments in States of India. Demography 38: 115-132. (Pubitemid 33597463)
33. Zocchetti C, Consonni D, Bertazzi PA (1997) Relationship between prevalence rate ratios and odds ratios in cross-sectional studies. International journal of epidemiology 26: 220-223. (Pubitemid 27129588)
34. Greenland S (1987) Interpretation and choice of effect measures in epidemiologic analyses. American journal of epidemiology 125: 761-768.
35. Barros AJ, Hirakata VN (2003) Alternatives for logistic regression in cross-sectional studies: an empirical comparison of models that directly estimate the prevalence ratio. BMC Med Res Methodol 3: 21.
36. Kutner MH, Nachtsheim CJ, Neter J, Li W (2005) Applied Linear Statistical Models. New York, New York: McGraw-Hill/Irwin.
37. Zimbabwe National Family Planning Council (ZNFPC) Zimbabwe National Family Planning Strategic Plan, 2009-2013. Harare: Ministry of Health and Child Care.
38. Zimbabwe Ministry of Health and Child Welfare (2012) The National Sexual and Reproductive Health Policy. Harare.
39. Grieser M, Gittelsohn J, Shankar AV, Koppenhaver T, Legrand TK, et al. (2001) Reproductive decision making and the HIV/AIDS epidemic in Zimbabwe. Journal of Southern African Studies 27: 225-243.
40. Trinitapoli J, Yeatman S (2011) Uncertainty and Fertility in a Generalized AIDS Epidemic. Am Sociol Rev 76: 935-954.
41. Wanyenze RK, Wagner GJ, Tumwesigye NM, Nannyonga M, Wabwire-Mangen F, et al. (2013) Fertility and contraceptive decision-making and support for HIV infected individuals: client and provider experiences and perceptions at two HIV clinics in Uganda. BMC public health 13: 98.
42. Schaan MM, Taylor M, Puvimanasinghe J, Busang L, Keapoletswe K, et al. (2012) Sexual and reproductive health needs of HIV-positive women in Botswana - a study of health care worker's views. AIDS care 24: 1120-1125.
43. Jhangri GS, Heys J, Alibhai A, Rubaale T, Kipp W (2012) Unmet need for effective family planning in HIV-infected individuals: results from a survey in rural Uganda. The journal of family planning and reproductive health care/Faculty of Family Planning & Reproductive Health Care, Royal College of Obstetricians & Gynaecologists 38: 23-29.
44. World Health Organization (2012) Programmatic Update. Use of Antiretroviral Drugs for Treating Pregnant Women And Preventing HIV Infection in Infants. Geneva. Available: http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/2012/WHO-HIV-2012.6- eng.pdf?ua=1. Accessed 2014 July 24.
45. Schwartz SR, Rees H, Mehta S, Venter WD, Taha TE, et al. (2012) High incidence of unplanned pregnancy after antiretroviral therapy initiation: findings from a prospective cohort study in South Africa. PloS one 7: e36039.
46. Hatcher RA, Trussell J, Nelson AL, Cates W, Stewart FH, et al. (2011) Contraceptive Technology. New York: Ardent Media.
47. Robinson JA, Jamshidi R, Burke AE (2012) Contraception for the HIV-positive woman: a review of interactions between hormonal contraception and antiretroviral therapy. Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol 2012: 890160.
48. Singh S, Darroch JE (2012) Adding It Up: Costs and Benefits of Contraceptive Services. New York: Guttmacher Institute and United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA). Available: http://www.guttmacher.org/pubs/AIU-2012- estimates.pdf. Accessed 2014 July 24.