High tobacco consumption is causally associated with increased all-cause mortality in a general population sample of 55 568 individuals, but not with short telomeres: A Mendelian randomization study

International Journal of Epidemiology

Volumn 43, Issue 5, 2014, Pages 1473-1483

  Rode, Line ^a,b   Bojesen, Stig E ^a,b   Weischer, Maren ^a,b   Nordestgaard, Børge G ^a,b  

^a Mental Health Services CPH   (Denmark)

^b UNIVERSITY OF COPENHAGEN   (Denmark)

Author keywords

Mediation; Mendelian randomization; Mortality; Smoking; Telomere length

Indexed keywords

ALLELE; CAUSE OF DEATH; HEALTH RISK; HYPOTHESIS TESTING; PUBLIC HEALTH; SAMPLING; TOBACCO;

ADULT; ARTICLE; GENETIC ANALYSIS; GENETIC ASSOCIATION; GENOTYPE; HETEROZYGOTE; HOMOZYGOTE; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MENDELIAN RANDOMIZATION ANALYSIS; MORTALITY; OBSERVATIONAL STUDY; POPULATION; SMOKING; TELOMERE SHORTENING; TOBACCO CONSUMPTION; DENMARK; EPIDEMIOLOGY; FEMALE; FOLLOW UP; GENETIC POLYMORPHISM; GENETICS; INCIDENCE; MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS; RISK FACTOR; TELOMERE; TOBACCO DEPENDENCE;

DENMARK;

NICOTIANA TABACUM;

DENMARK; FEMALE; FOLLOW-UP STUDIES; GENOTYPE; HUMANS; INCIDENCE; MALE; MENDELIAN RANDOMIZATION ANALYSIS; MORTALITY; MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS; POLYMORPHISM, GENETIC; RISK FACTORS; SMOKING; TELOMERE; TOBACCO USE DISORDER;

EID: 84911431447     PISSN: 03005771     EISSN: 14643685     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyu119     Document Type: Article

References (57)

1. Blasco MA. Telomeres and human disease: ageing, cancer and beyond. Nat Rev Genet 2005;6:611-22.
2. von Zglinicki T, Martin-Ruiz CM. Telomeres as biomarkers for ageing and age-related diseases. CurrMolMed 2005;5:197-203.
3. Mather KA, Jorm AF, Parslow RA, Christensen H. Is telomere length a biomarker of aging? A review. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2011;66:202-13.
4. Weischer M, Bojesen SE, Cawthon RM, Freiberg JJ, Tybjaerg-Hansen A, Nordestgaard BG. Short telomere length, myocardial infarction, ischemic heart disease, and early death. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2012;32:822-29.
5. Bojesen SE. Telomeres and human health. J Intern Med 2013;274:399-413.
6. McGrath M, Wong JY, Michaud D, Hunter DJ, De Vivo I. Telomere length, cigarette smoking, and bladder cancer risk in men and women. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2007;16:815-19.
7. Willeit P, Willeit J, Kloss-Brandstatter A, Kronenberg F, Kiechl S. Fifteen-year follow-up of association between telomere length and incident cancer and cancer mortality. JAMA 2011;306:42-44.
8. Weischer M, Nordestgaard BG, Cawthon RM, Freiberg JJ, Tybjaerg-Hansen A, Bojesen SE. Short telomere length, cancer survival, and cancer risk in 47102 individuals. J Natl Cancer Inst 2013;105:459-68.
9. Fyhrquist F, Saijonmaa O, Strandberg T. The roles of senescence and telomere shortening in cardiovascular disease. Nat Rev Cardiol 2013;10:274-83.
10. Rode L, Bojesen SE, Weischer M, Vestbo J, Nordestgaard BG. Short telomere length, lung function and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in 46 396 individuals. Thorax 2012;68:429-35.
11. Clair C, Rigotti NA, Porneala B et al. Association of smoking cessation and weight change with cardiovascular disease among adults with and without diabetes. JAMA 2013;309:1014-21.
12. Wang J, Spitz MR, Amos CI, Wilkinson AV, Wu X, Shete S. Mediating effects of smoking and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease on the relation between the CHRNA5-A3 genetic locus and lung cancer risk. Cancer 2010;116:3458-62.
13. Chow CK. Cigarette smoking and oxidative damage in the lung. Ann N YAcad Sci 1993;686:289-98.
14. Babizhayev MA, Savel'yeva EL, Moskvina SN, Yegorov YE. Telomere length is a biomarker of cumulative oxidative stress, biologic age, and an independent predictor of survival and therapeutic treatment requirement associated with smoking behavior. Am J Ther 2011;18:e209-26.
15. Starr JM, Shiels PG, Harris SE et al. Oxidative stress, telomere length and biomarkers of physical aging in a cohort aged 79 years from the 1932 Scottish Mental Survey. Mech Ageing Dev 2008;129:745-51.
16. von Zglinicki T, Pilger R, Sitte N. Accumulation of single-strand breaks is the major cause of telomere shortening in human fibroblasts. Free Radic Biol Med 2000;28:64-74.
17. von Zglinicki T. Oxidative stress shortens telomeres. Trends Biochem Sci 2002;27:339-44.
18. Cassidy A, De Vivo I, Liu Y et al. Associations between diet, lifestyle factors, and telomere length in women. Am J Clin Nutr 2010;91:1273-80.
19. Morla M, Busquets X, Pons J, Sauleda J, MacNee W, Agusti AG. Telomere shortening in smokers with and without COPD. Eur Respir J 2006;27:525-28.
20. Song Z, von Figura G, Liu Y et al. Lifestyle impacts on the aging-associated expression of biomarkers of DNA damage and telomere dysfunction in human blood. Aging Cell 2010;9:607-15.
21. Valdes AM, Andrew T, Gardner JP et al. Obesity, cigarette smoking, and telomere length in women. Lancet 2005;366:662-64.
22. Haenle MM, Brockmann SO, Kron M et al. Overweight, physical activity, tobacco and alcohol consumption in a crosssectional random sample of German adults. BMC Public Health 2006;6:233.
23. Lawlor DA, Harbord RM, Sterne JA, Timpson N, Davey Smith G. Mendelian randomization: using genes as instruments for making causal inferences in epidemiology. Stat Med 2008;27:1133-63.
24. Davey Smith G, Ebrahim S. 'Mendelian randomization': can genetic epidemiology contribute to understanding environmental determinants of disease? Int J Epidemiol 2003;32:1-22.
25. Tobacco and Genetics Consortium. Genome-wide meta-analyses identify multiple loci associated with smoking behavior. Nat Genet 2010;42:441-47.
26. Kaur-Knudsen D, Nordestgaard BG, Bojesen SE. CHRNA3 genotype, nicotine dependence, lung function and disease in the general population. Eur Respir J 2012;40:1538-44.
27. Munafo MR, Timofeeva MN, Morris RW et al. Association between genetic variants on chromosome 15q25 locus and objective measures of tobacco exposure. J Natl Cancer Inst 2012;104:740-48.
28. Ware JJ, van den Bree M, Munafo MR. From men to mice: CHRNA5/CHRNA3, smoking behavior and disease. Nicotine Tob Res 2012;14:1291-99.
29. ThomsenM, Ingebrigtsen TS, Marott JL et al. Inflammatory biomarkers and exacerbations in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. JAMA 2013;309:2353-61.
30. Zacho J, Tybjaerg-Hansen A, Jensen JS, Grande P, Sillesen H, Nordestgaard BG. Genetically elevated C-reactive protein and ischemic vascular disease. N Engl J Med 2008;359:1897-908.
31. Cawthon RM. Telomere length measurement by a novel monochrome multiplex quantitative PCR method. Nucleic Acids Res 2009;37:e21.
32. Cole SR, Platt RW, Schisterman EF et al. Illustrating bias due to conditioning on a collider. Int J Epidemiol 2010;39:417-20.
33. Palmer TM, Sterne JA, Harbord RM et al. Instrumental variable estimation of causal risk ratios and causal odds ratios in Mendelian randomization analyses. Am J Epidemiol 2011;173:1392-403.
34. Lin DY, Fleming TR, De Gruttola V. Estimating the proportion of treatment effect explained by a surrogate marker. Stat Med 1997;16:1515-27.
35. MacKinnon DP, Fairchild AJ, Fritz MS. Mediation analysis. Annu Rev Psychol 2007;58:593-614.
36. Rose G, Hamilton PJ, Colwell L, Shipley MJ. A randomized controlled trial of anti-smoking advice: 10-year results. J Epidemiol Community Health 1982;36:102-08.
37. Mirabello L, Huang WY, Wong JY et al. The association between leukocyte telomere length and cigarette smoking, dietary and physical variables, and risk of prostate cancer. Aging Cell 2009;8:405-13.
38. Pellatt AJ, Wolff RK, Lundgreen A, Cawthon R, Slattery ML. Genetic and lifestyle influence on telomere length and subsequent risk of colon cancer in a case control study. Int J Mol Epidemiol Genet 2012;3:184-94.
39. Needham BL, Adler N, Gregorich S et al. Socioeconomic status, health behavior, and leukocyte telomere length in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999-2002. Soc Sci Med 2013;85:1-8.
40. Tomita K, Caramori G, Ito K et al. Telomere shortening in alveolar macrophages of smokers and COPD patients. Open Pathology Journal 2010;4:23-29.
41. Kawanishi S, Oikawa S. Mechanism of telomere shortening by oxidative stress. Ann N YAcad Sci 2004;1019:278-84.
42. Paschalaki KE, Starke RD, Hu Y et al. Dysfunction of endothelial progenitor cells from smokers and COPD patients due to increased DNA damage and senescence. Stem Cells 2013;31:2813-26.
43. Babizhayev MA, Yegorov YE. Smoking and health: association between telomere length and factors impacting on human disease, quality of life and life span in a large population-based cohort under the effect of smoking duration. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2011;25:425-42.
44. Ambrose JA, Barua RS. The pathophysiology of cigarette smoking and cardiovascular disease: an update. J Am Coll Cardiol 2004;43:1731-37.
45. van der Vaart, Postma DS, Timens W, ten Hacken NH. Acute effects of cigarette smoke on inflammation and oxidative stress: a review. Thorax 2004;59:713-21.
46. Cunningham JM, Johnson RA, Litzelman K et al. Telomere length varies by DNA extraction method: implications for epidemiologic research. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2013;22:2047-54.
47. Scherczinger CA, Bourke MT, Ladd C, Lee HC. DNA extraction from liquid blood using QIAamp. J Forensic Sci 1997;42:893-96.
48. Daniali L, Benetos A, Susser E et al. Telomeres shorten at equivalent rates in somatic tissues of adults. Nat Commun 2013;4:1597.
49. Steenstrup T, Hjelmborg JV, Mortensen LH, Kimura M, Christensen K, Aviv A. Leukocyte telomere dynamics in the elderly. Eur J Epidemiol 2013;28:181-87.
50. Gingell-Littlejohn M, McGuinness D, McGlynn LM et al. Pretransplant CDKN2A expression in kidney biopsies predicts renal function and is a future component of donor scoring criteria. PLoS One 2013;8:e68133.
51. Koppelstaetter C, Schratzberger G, Perco P et al. Markers of cellular senescence in zero hour biopsies predict outcome in renal transplantation. Aging Cell 2008;7:491-97.
52. Pathai S, Gilbert CE, Lawn SD et al. Assessment of candidate ocular biomarkers of ageing in a South African adult population: relationship with chronological age and systemic biomarkers. Mech Ageing Dev 2013;134:338-45.
53. Freeman G, Cowling BJ, Schooling CM. Power and sample size calculations for Mendelian randomization studies using one genetic instrument. Int J Epidemiol 2013;42:1157-63.
54. Burgess S, Seaman S, Lawlor DA, Casas JP, Thompson SG. Missing data methods in Mendelian randomization studies with multiple instruments. Am J Epidemiol 2011;174:1069-76.
55. Chen LS, Baker TB, Grucza R et al. Dissection of the phenotypic and genotypic associations with nicotinic dependence. Nicotine Tob Res 2012;14:425-33.
56. Taylor AE, Davies NM, Ware JJ, Vanderweele T, Davey Smith G, Munafo MR. Mendelian randomization in health research: Using appropriate genetic variants and avoiding biased estimates. Econ Hum Biol 2014;13:99-106.
57. Freathy RM, Kazeem GR, Morris RW et al. Genetic variation at CHRNA5-CHRNA3-CHRNB4 interacts with smoking status to influence body mass index. Int J Epidemiol 2011;40:1617-28.