Efficacy of Botulinum Toxin in the treatment of Intermittent Exotropia

Strabismus

Volumn 22, Issue 4, 2014, Pages 176-181

  Etezad Razavi, Mohammad ^a   Sharifi, Mohammad ^a   Armanfar, Fateme ^a  

^a MASHHAD UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES   (Iran)

Author keywords

Botulinum toxin; Fusional control; Intermittent exotropia; Newcastle control score; Stereopsis

Indexed keywords

BOTULINUM TOXIN A; ACETYLCHOLINE RELEASE INHIBITOR;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ARTICLE; ASTHENOPIA; BINOCULAR VISION; CHILD; CLINICAL ARTICLE; CLINICAL TRIAL; CONJUNCTIVAL HEMORRHAGE; CONVERGENT STRABISMUS; DIPLOPIA; DIVERGENT STRABISMUS; DRUG EFFICACY; EXTRAOCULAR MUSCLE; EYE ABDUCTION DEFICIENCY; EYE DISEASE; EYE POSITION; FEMALE; FOLLOW UP; HUMAN; INTERMITTENT STRABISMUS; LATERAL RECTUS MUSCLE; MALE; MYDRIASIS; NAMED INVENTORIES, QUESTIONNAIRES AND RATING SCALES; NEWCASTLE CONTROL SCORE; PROSPECTIVE STUDY; PTOSIS; SATISFACTION; SCORING SYSTEM; TREATMENT OUTCOME; VERTICAL EYE DEVIATION; VISION TEST; WORTH FOUR DOT TEST; DRUG EFFECTS; EXOTROPIA; INTRAMUSCULAR DRUG ADMINISTRATION; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PHYSIOLOGY; PRESCHOOL CHILD;

ACETYLCHOLINE RELEASE INHIBITORS; ADOLESCENT; BOTULINUM TOXINS, TYPE A; CHILD; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; EXOTROPIA; FEMALE; HUMANS; INJECTIONS, INTRAMUSCULAR; MALE; OCULOMOTOR MUSCLES; PROSPECTIVE STUDIES; TREATMENT OUTCOME; VISION, BINOCULAR;

EID: 84910681075     PISSN: 09273972     EISSN: 17445132     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3109/09273972.2014.962750     Document Type: Article

References (12)

1. Skut GL, Cantor LB, Weiss J. Exodeviation. In: Basic and clinical science course. Section 6. 2010-2011. San Francisco (CA): American Academy of Ophthalmogy. 100p.
2. Paul G, Steinkuller A. Intermittent exotropia. ORBIS. Section 21:124-128.
3. Wright KW, Spiegel PH. Exodeviation. In: Pediatric ophthalmology and strabismus. New York: Springer-Verlag Incorporation, 2003. 224-231.
4. Haggerty S, Richardson S, Hrisos N, et al. The Newcastle Control Score: A new method of grading the severity of intermittent distance exotropia. Br J Ophthalmol 2004;88: 233-235.
5. Coffey B, Wick B, Cotler S, et al. Treatment options in intermittent exotropia: a critical appraisal. Optom Vis Sci 1992;69:386-404.
6. Santago AP, Ing MR, Kushner BJ, Rosenbaum AL. Intermittent exotropia. In: Clinical strabismus management. Philadelphia: W.B. Sauders Company, 1999. 163-173.
7. Rosenbaum AL, Scott AB. Ophthalmology: botulinum toxin therapy in the management of strabismus and lid disorders. West J Med 1986;144:456-457.
8. Buck D, Hatt S, Haggerty H. The use of Newcastle Control Score in the management of intermittent exotropia. Br J Ophthalmol 2007;91:215-218.
9. Buck D, Powell CJ, Sloper JJ, et al.; Improving Outcomes in Intermittent Exotropia (IOXT) Study group. Surgical intervention in childhood intermittent exotropia: current practice and clinical outcome from an observational cohort study. Br J Ophthalmol 2012;96: 1291-1295.
10. Spencer RF, Tucker MG, Choi RY, McNeer KW. Botulinum toxin management of childhood intermittent exotropia. Ophthalmology 1997;104:176-177.
11. Rosenbaum A, Zanoni D, Stager R, et al. Distance stereo acuity: assessing control in intermittent exotropia. Ophthalmology 1993;100:495-500.
12. Li Y, Wu X. Observation of botulinum toxin A management in childhood with intermittent exotropia. Zhanghua Yan Ke Za Zhi 2008;44:967-971.