메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 7, Issue 2, 2014, Pages 60-72

Toxicity, mechanism and health effects of some heavy metals

Author keywords

free radicals; heavy metals; metal toxicity; oxidative stress

Indexed keywords

ALUMINUM; ARSENIC; CADMIUM; CHROMIUM; HEAVY METAL; IRON; LEAD; MERCURY;

EID: 84910613290     PISSN: 13376853     EISSN: 13379569     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2478/intox-2014-0009     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (4496)

References (102)
  • 1
    • 84910654123 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aluminium toxicity tolerance in cereals: Mechanisms, genetic control and breeding methods
    • Abate E, Hussien S, Laing M, Mengistu F. (2013). Aluminium toxicity tolerance in cereals: Mechanisms, genetic control and breeding methods. Afr J Agric Res 8(9): 711-722.
    • (2013) Afr J Agric Res , vol.8 , Issue.9 , pp. 711-722
    • Abate, E.1    Hussien, S.2    Laing, M.3    Mengistu, F.4
  • 2
    • 84942296767 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ATSDR Publication CAS#7429-90-5
    • Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (2008). Public Health Statement Aluminium. ATSDR Publication CAS#7429-90-5.
    • (2008) Public Health Statement Aluminium
  • 3
    • 33645139965 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The toxicity of iron, an essential element
    • Albretsen J. (2006). The toxicity of iron, an essential element. Veterinary medicine 82-90.
    • (2006) Veterinary Medicine , pp. 82-90
    • Albretsen, J.1
  • 5
    • 0029774258 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aluminum toxicity: Its relationship with bone and iron metabolism
    • Andia JB. (1996). Aluminum toxicity: its relationship with bone and iron metabolism. Nephrol Dial Transplant 11 Suppl 3: 69-73.
    • (1996) Nephrol Dial Transplant , vol.11 , pp. 69-73
    • Andia, J.B.1
  • 8
    • 23844457695 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Iron toxicity in rice-conditions and management concepts
    • Becker M, Asch F. (2005). Iron toxicity in rice-conditions and management concepts. J Plant Nutr Soil Sci 168: 559-553.
    • (2005) J Plant Nutr Soil Sci , vol.168 , pp. 559-553
    • Becker, M.1    Asch, F.2
  • 9
    • 61849118442 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cadmium & its adverse ef ects on human health
    • Bernard A. (2008). Cadmium & its adverse ef ects on human health. Indian J Med Res 128(4): 557-64.
    • (2008) Indian J Med Res , vol.128 , Issue.4 , pp. 557-564
    • Bernard, A.1
  • 10
    • 0345773192 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A speciation analysis of aluminium in the River Silnica
    • Bezak-Mazur E, Widiak M, Ciupa T. (2001). A speciation analysis of aluminium in the River Silnica. Pol J Environ Stud 10(4): 263-268.
    • (2001) Pol J Environ Stud , vol.10 , Issue.4 , pp. 263-268
    • Bezak-Mazur, E.1    Widiak, M.2    Ciupa, T.3
  • 11
    • 0037179553 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Iron augments stage-I and stage-II tumor promotion in murine skin
    • Bhasin G, Kauser H, Athar M. (2002). Iron augments stage-I and stage-II tumor promotion in murine skin. Cancer Lett 183(2): 113-122.
    • (2002) Cancer Lett , vol.183 , Issue.2 , pp. 113-122
    • Bhasin, G.1    Kauser, H.2    Athar, M.3
  • 16
    • 84890214515 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ailing bones and failing kidneys: A case of chronic cadmium toxicity
    • Chakraborty S, Dutta AR, Sural S, Gupta D, Sen S. (2013). Ailing bones and failing kidneys: a case of chronic cadmium toxicity. Ann Clin Biochem 50(5): 492-495.
    • (2013) Ann Clin Biochem , vol.50 , Issue.5 , pp. 492-495
    • Chakraborty, S.1    Dutta, A.R.2    Sural, S.3    Gupta, D.4    Sen, S.5
  • 17
    • 31844433702 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chromium accumulation and toxicity in aquatic vascular plants
    • Chandra P, Kulshreshtha K. (2004). Chromium accumulation and toxicity in aquatic vascular plants. Botanical Rev 70(3): 313-327.
    • (2004) Botanical Rev , vol.70 , Issue.3 , pp. 313-327
    • Chandra, P.1    Kulshreshtha, K.2
  • 18
    • 84885832582 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distribution and Accumulation of Mercury in Sediments of Kaohsiung River Mouth, Taiwan
    • Chen CW, Chen CF, Dong CD. (2012). Distribution and Accumulation of Mercury in Sediments of Kaohsiung River Mouth, Taiwan. APCBEE Procedia 1: 153-158.
    • (2012) APCBEE Procedia , vol.1 , pp. 153-158
    • Chen, C.W.1    Chen, C.F.2    Dong, C.D.3
  • 21
    • 79951791766 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ef ect of anaerobic fermentation residues on a chromium-contaminated soil-vegetable system
    • Duan N, Wang XL, Liu XD, Lin C, Hou J. (2010). Ef ect of anaerobic fermentation residues on a chromium-contaminated soil-vegetable system. Proce-dia Environmental Sciences 2: 1585-1597.
    • (2010) Proce-dia Environmental Sciences , vol.2 , pp. 1585-1597
    • Duan, N.1    Wang, X.L.2    Liu, X.D.3    Lin, C.4    Hou, J.5
  • 22
    • 48349140655 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toxicity, heavy metals
    • Ferner DJ. (2001). Toxicity, heavy metals. eMed J 2(5): 1.
    • (2001) EMed J , vol.2 , Issue.5 , pp. 1
    • Ferner, D.J.1
  • 23
    • 0034597198 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Temporal trends in gaseous mercury evasion from the Mediterranean seawaters
    • Ferrara R, Mazzolai B, Lanzillotta E, Nucaro EA, Pirrone N. (2000). Temporal trends in gaseous mercury evasion from the Mediterranean seawaters. Sci Tot Environ 259(1-3): 183-190.
    • (2000) Sci Tot Environ , vol.259 , Issue.1-3 , pp. 183-190
    • Ferrara, R.1    Mazzolai, B.2    Lanzillotta, E.3    Nucaro, E.A.4    Pirrone, N.5
  • 24
    • 0034145365 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Iron poisoning
    • Fine JS. (2000). Iron poisoning. Curr Probl Pediatr 30(3): 71-90.
    • (2000) Curr Probl Pediatr , vol.30 , Issue.3 , pp. 71-90
    • Fine, J.S.1
  • 25
    • 61849129297 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heavy metal induced oxidative stress & its possible reversal by chelation therapy
    • Flora SJS, Mittal M, Mehta A. (2008). Heavy metal induced oxidative stress & its possible reversal by chelation therapy. Indian J Med Res 128: 501-523.
    • (2008) Indian J Med Res , vol.128 , pp. 501-523
    • Flora, S.J.S.1    Mittal, M.2    Mehta, A.3
  • 26
    • 0031504982 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interactive ef ects of aluminum and hu-mic substances on Salvinia
    • Gardner JL, Al-Hamdani SH. (1997). Interactive ef ects of aluminum and hu-mic substances on Salvinia. J Aquat Plant Manage 35: 30-34.
    • (1997) J Aquat Plant Manage , vol.35 , pp. 30-34
    • Gardner, J.L.1    Al-Hamdani, S.H.2
  • 28
    • 84873429459 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of chromium toxicity on growth, chlorophyll and some mineral nutrients of Brassica juncea L
    • Ghani A. (2011). Ef ect of chromium toxicity on growth, chlorophyll and some mineral nutrients of Brassica juncea L. Egyptian Acad J Biol Sci 2(1): 9-15.
    • (2011) Egyptian Acad J Biol Sci , vol.2 , Issue.1 , pp. 9-15
    • Ghani, A.1
  • 29
    • 0038714844 scopus 로고
    • Ef ect of organic arsenicals on enzyme system
    • Gordon JJ, Quastel GH. (1948). Ef ect of organic arsenicals on enzyme system. Biochem J 42: 337-350.
    • (1948) Biochem J , vol.42 , pp. 337-350
    • Gordon, J.J.1    Quastel, G.H.2
  • 30
    • 0025088540 scopus 로고
    • Lead toxicity: From overt to subclinical to subtle health effects
    • Goyer RA. (1990). Lead toxicity: from overt to subclinical to subtle health effects. Environ Health Perspect 86: 177-181.
    • (1990) Environ Health Perspect , vol.86 , pp. 177-181
    • Goyer, R.A.1
  • 32
    • 84904797457 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular Basis of Aluminium Toxicity in Plants: A Review
    • Gupta N, Gaurav SS, Kumar A. (2013). Molecular Basis of Aluminium Toxicity in Plants: A Review. Am J of Plant Sci 4: 21-37.
    • (2013) Am J of Plant Sci , vol.4 , pp. 21-37
    • Gupta, N.1    Gaurav, S.S.2    Kumar, A.3
  • 33
    • 85012066564 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simultaneous determination of dissolved inorganic chromium species in wastewater/natural waters by surfactant sensitized catalytic kinetic spectrophotometry
    • in press]
    • Gürkan R, Ulusoy HI, Akçay M. (2012). Simultaneous determination of dissolved inorganic chromium species in wastewater/natural waters by surfactant sensitized catalytic kinetic spectrophotometry. Arabian J Chem [in press].
    • (2012) Arabian J Chem
    • Gürkan, R.1    Ulusoy, H.I.2    Akçay, M.3
  • 34
    • 33845968744 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mercury toxicity: Genetic susceptibility and synergistic effects
    • Haley BE. (2005). Mercury toxicity: genetic susceptibility and synergistic effects. Medical Veritas 2(2): 535-42.
    • (2005) Medical Veritas , vol.2 , Issue.2 , pp. 535-542
    • Haley, B.E.1
  • 35
    • 84886292141 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ef ect of environmental cadmium pollution on human health
    • Han JX, Shang Q, Du Y. (2009). Ef ect of environmental cadmium pollution on human health. Health 1(3): 159-166.
    • (2009) Health , vol.1 , Issue.3 , pp. 159-166
    • Han, J.X.1    Shang, Q.2    Du, Y.3
  • 36
    • 2142714539 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endocrine disruption by cadmium, a common environmental toxicant with paradoxical ef ects on reproduction
    • Henson MC, Chedrese PJ. (2004). Endocrine disruption by cadmium, a common environmental toxicant with paradoxical ef ects on reproduction. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 229(5): 383-392.
    • (2004) Exp Biol Med (Maywood) , vol.229 , Issue.5 , pp. 383-392
    • Henson, M.C.1    Chedrese, P.J.2
  • 37
    • 0031871914 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pathophysiology of iron overload
    • Hershko C, Link G, Ioav C. (1998). Pathophysiology of iron overload. Ann N Y Acad Sci 850: 191-201.
    • (1998) Ann N y Acad Sci , vol.850 , pp. 191-201
    • Hershko, C.1    Link, G.2    Ioav, C.3
  • 38
    • 0012323043 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chapter 54. Hematopoietic agents: Growth factors, minerals, and vitamins
    • 10th Edition (Hardman JG, Limbird LE, Gilman AG eds) New York: McGraw-Hill
    • Hillman RS. (2001). Chapter 54. Hematopoietic agents: growth factors, minerals, and vitamins, in Goodman & Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 10th Edition (Hardman JG, Limbird LE, Gilman AG eds), pp. 1487-1518, New York: McGraw-Hill.
    • (2001) Goodman & Gilman's the Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics , pp. 1487-1518
    • Hillman, R.S.1
  • 39
    • 79952624116 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Delineating low-arsenic groundwater environments in the Bengal Aquifer System, Bangladesh
    • Hoque MA, Burgess WG, Shamsudduha M, Ahmed KM. (2011). Delineating low-arsenic groundwater environments in the Bengal Aquifer System, Bangladesh. Appl Geochem 26(4): 614-623.
    • (2011) Appl Geochem , vol.26 , Issue.4 , pp. 614-623
    • Hoque, M.A.1    Burgess, W.G.2    Shamsudduha, M.3    Ahmed, K.M.4
  • 40
    • 0023770832 scopus 로고
    • Evaluation and synthesis of health ef ects studies of communities surrounding arsenic producing industries
    • Hughes JP, Polissar L, Van Belle G. (1988). Evaluation and synthesis of health ef ects studies of communities surrounding arsenic producing industries. Int J Epidemiol 17: 407-413.
    • (1988) Int J Epidemiol , vol.17 , pp. 407-413
    • Hughes, J.P.1    Polissar, L.2    Van Belle, G.3
  • 41
    • 84871686270 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Soil cadmium enrichment: Allocation and plant physiological manifestations
    • Irfan M, Hayat S, Ahmad A, Alyemeni MN. (2013). Soil cadmium enrichment: Allocation and plant physiological manifestations. Saudi J Biol Sci 20(1): 1-10.
    • (2013) Saudi J Biol Sci , vol.20 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-10
    • Irfan, M.1    Hayat, S.2    Ahmad, A.3    Alyemeni, M.N.4
  • 42
    • 3242774357 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hazards of heav y metal contamination
    • Järup L. (2003). Hazards of heav y metal contamination. Br Med Bull 68(1): 167-182.
    • (2003) Br Med Bull , vol.68 , Issue.1 , pp. 167-182
    • Järup, L.1
  • 44
    • 77956894022 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Head and neck cancer due to heavy metal exposure via tobacco smoking and professional exposure: A review
    • Khlif R, Hamza-Chaf ai A. (2010). Head and neck cancer due to heavy metal exposure via tobacco smoking and professional exposure: A review. To x ico l Appl Pharmacol 248: 71-88.
    • (2010) To X Ico L Appl Pharmacol , vol.248 , pp. 71-88
    • Khlif, R.1    Hamza-Chaf Ai, A.2
  • 45
    • 25444522896 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The physiology, genetics and molecular biology of plant aluminum resistance and toxicity
    • Kochian LV, Piñeros MA, Hoekenga OA. (2005). The physiology, genetics and molecular biology of plant aluminum resistance and toxicity. Plant and Soil 274: 175-195.
    • (2005) Plant and Soil , vol.274 , pp. 175-195
    • Kochian, L.V.1    Piñeros, M.A.2    Hoekenga, O.A.3
  • 46
    • 0000757403 scopus 로고
    • Studies on chro-mated erythrocytes. Mechanisms of chromate inhibition of glutathione re-ductase
    • Koutras GA, Schneider AS, Hattori M, Valentine WN. (1965). Studies on chro-mated erythrocytes. Mechanisms of chromate inhibition of glutathione re-ductase. Br J Haematol 11(3): 360-369.
    • (1965) Br J Haematol , vol.11 , Issue.3 , pp. 360-369
    • Koutras, G.A.1    Schneider, A.S.2    Hattori, M.3    Valentine, W.N.4
  • 49
    • 84871702105 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ef ect of lead stress on mineral content and growth of wheat (Triticum aestivum and spinach (Spinacia oleracea) seedlings
    • Lamhamdi M, El Galiou O, Bakrim A, Nóvoa-Muñoz JC, Arias-Estévez M, Aarab A, Lafont R. (2013). Ef ect of lead stress on mineral content and growth of wheat (Triticum aestivum and spinach (Spinacia oleracea) seedlings. Saudi J Biol Sci 20(1): 29-36.
    • (2013) Saudi J Biol Sci , vol.20 , Issue.1 , pp. 29-36
    • Lamhamdi, M.1    El Galiou, O.2    Bakrim, A.3    Nóvoa-Muñoz, J.C.4    Arias-Estévez, M.5    Aarab, A.6    Lafont, R.7
  • 50
    • 0034295380 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lead Poisoning
    • Markowitz, M. (2000). Lead Poisoning. Pediatr Rev 21(10): 327-335.
    • (2000) Pediatr Rev , vol.21 , Issue.10 , pp. 327-335
    • Markowitz, M.1
  • 53
    • 0034678737 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Arsenic in the geosphere-a review
    • Matschullat J. (2000). Arsenic in the geosphere-a review. Sci Total Environ 249(1-3): 297-312.
    • (2000) Sci Total Environ , vol.249 , Issue.1-3 , pp. 297-312
    • Matschullat, J.1
  • 54
    • 33645018958 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genotoxicity and mutagenicity of water contaminated with tannery ef uents, as evaluated by the micronucleus test and comet assay using the f sh Oreochromis niloticus and chromosome aberrations in onion root-tips
    • Matsumoto ST, Mantovani MS, Malaguttii MIA, Dias AL, Fonseca IC, Marin-Morales MA. (2006). Genotoxicity and mutagenicity of water contaminated with tannery ef uents, as evaluated by the micronucleus test and comet assay using the f sh Oreochromis niloticus and chromosome aberrations in onion root-tips. Genet Mol Biol 29(1): 148-158.
    • (2006) Genet Mol Biol , vol.29 , Issue.1 , pp. 148-158
    • Matsumoto, S.T.1    Mantovani, M.S.2    Malaguttii, M.I.A.3    Dias, A.L.4    Fonseca, I.C.5    Marin-Morales, M.A.6
  • 55
    • 61849157342 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chronic arsenic toxicity & human health
    • Mazumder G. (2008). Chronic arsenic toxicity & human health. Indian J Med Res 128(4): 436-447.
    • (2008) Indian J Med Res , vol.128 , Issue.4 , pp. 436-447
    • Mazumder, G.1
  • 56
    • 0031963619 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Iron, free radicals, and oxidative injury
    • McCord JM. (1998). Iron, free radicals, and oxidative injury. Semin Hematol 35: 5-12.
    • (1998) Semin Hematol , vol.35 , pp. 5-12
    • McCord, J.M.1
  • 57
    • 84910680571 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ef ect of ionic and chelate assisted hexavalent chromium on mung bean seedlings (Vigna Radiata l. Wilczek. Var k-851) during seedling growth
    • Mohanty M, Kumar Patra H. (2013). Ef ect of ionic and chelate assisted hexavalent chromium on mung bean seedlings (Vigna Radiata l. Wilczek. Var k-851) during seedling growth. JSPB 9(2): 232-241.
    • (2013) JSPB , vol.9 , Issue.2 , pp. 232-241
    • Mohanty, M.1    Kumar Patra, H.2
  • 61
    • 84155171257 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term concentrations of airborne cadmium in metropolitan cities in Korea and potential health risks
    • Mutlu A, Lee BK, Park GH, Yu BG, Lee CH. (2012). Long-term concentrations of airborne cadmium in metropolitan cities in Korea and potential health risks. Atmos Environ 47: 164-173.
    • (2012) Atmos Environ , vol.47 , pp. 164-173
    • Mutlu, A.1    Lee, B.K.2    Park, G.H.3    Yu, B.G.4    Lee, C.H.5
  • 62
    • 77956268003 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heavy metals, occurrence and toxicity for plants: A review
    • Nagajyoti PC, Lee KD, Sreekanth TVM. (2010). Heavy metals, occurrence and toxicity for plants: a review. Environ Chem Lett 8(3): 199-216.
    • (2010) Environ Chem Lett , vol.8 , Issue.3 , pp. 199-216
    • Nagajyoti, P.C.1    Lee, K.D.2    Sreekanth, T.V.M.3
  • 63
    • 85020669609 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enhancing the lead phytostabilization in wetland plant Juncus ef usus L. Through somaclonal manipulation and EDTA enrichment
    • in press]
    • Najeeb U, Ahmad W, Zia MH, Malik Z, Zhou W. (2014). Enhancing the lead phytostabilization in wetland plant Juncus ef usus L. through somaclonal manipulation and EDTA enrichment. Arab J Chem [in press].
    • (2014) Arab J Chem
    • Najeeb, U.1    Ahmad, W.2    Zia, M.H.3    Malik, Z.4    Zhou, W.5
  • 64
    • 65649096814 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ef ect of chromium and tannery ef uent toxicity on metabolism and growth in cowpea (Vigna sinensis L. Saviex Hassk) seedling
    • Nath K, Shyam S, Singh D, Shanna YK. (2008). Ef ect of chromium and tannery ef uent toxicity on metabolism and growth in cowpea (Vigna sinensis L. Saviex Hassk) seedling. Res Environ Life Sci 1: 91-94.
    • (2008) Res Environ Life Sci , vol.1 , pp. 91-94
    • Nath, K.1    Shyam, S.2    Singh, D.3    Shanna, Y.K.4
  • 65
    • 0026512285 scopus 로고
    • Dietary iron and colorectal cancer risk
    • Nelson RL. (1992). Dietary iron and colorectal cancer risk. Free Radic Biol Med 12(2): 161-168.
    • (1992) Free Radic Biol Med , vol.12 , Issue.2 , pp. 161-168
    • Nelson, R.L.1
  • 66
    • 0029922253 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • History of global metal pollution
    • Nriagu JO. (1996). History of global metal pollution. Science 272: 223-4.
    • (1996) Science , vol.272 , pp. 223-224
    • Nriagu, J.O.1
  • 68
    • 84878411151 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bioavailability of heavy metals in soil: Impact on microbial biodegradation of organic compounds and possible improvement strategies
    • Olaniran AO, Balgobind A, Pillay B. (2013). Bioavailability of heavy metals in soil: impact on microbial biodegradation of organic compounds and possible improvement strategies. Int J Mol Sci 14(5): 10197-10228.
    • (2013) Int J Mol Sci , vol.14 , Issue.5 , pp. 10197-10228
    • Olaniran, A.O.1    Balgobind, A.2    Pillay, B.3
  • 71
    • 0036925813 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mercury toxicity and antioxidants: Part 1: Role of glutathione and alpha-lipoic acid in the treatment of mercury toxicity
    • Patrick L. (2002). Mercury toxicity and antioxidants: Part 1: role of glutathione and alpha-lipoic acid in the treatment of mercury toxicity. Altern Med Rev 7(6): 456-471.
    • (2002) Altern Med Rev , vol.7 , Issue.6 , pp. 456-471
    • Patrick, L.1
  • 72
    • 0038349938 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toxic metals and antioxidants: Part II. The role of antioxi-dants in arsenic and cadmium toxicity
    • Patrick L. (2003). Toxic metals and antioxidants: Part II. The role of antioxi-dants in arsenic and cadmium toxicity. Altern Med Rev 8(2): 106-128.
    • (2003) Altern Med Rev , vol.8 , Issue.2 , pp. 106-128
    • Patrick, L.1
  • 74
    • 84910601350 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Relative Contributions of Dif erent Environmental Sources to Human Exposure and the EU Cadmium Risk Assessment Meeting of UNECE Task Force on Heavy Metals
    • 2005 in Berlin
    • Regoli L. (2005). The Relative Contributions of Dif erent Environmental Sources to Human Exposure and the EU Cadmium Risk Assessment Meeting of UNECE Task Force on Heavy Metals. Presentation for the UNECE Long-Range-Trans-boundary Air Pollutants-Task Force on Heavy Metals 16-18 March, 2005 in Berlin.
    • (2005) Presentation for the UNECE Long-Range-Trans-boundary Air Pollutants-Task Force on Heavy Metals 16-18 March
    • Regoli, L.1
  • 75
    • 84895311133 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pollutants in Food-Metals and Metalloids
    • (Szefer P, Nriagu JO eds) Taylor & Francis Group, Boca Raton, FL
    • Reilly C. (2007). Pollutants in Food-Metals and Metalloids, in Mineral Components in Foods, (Szefer P, Nriagu JO eds), pp. 363-388, Taylor & Francis Group, Boca Raton, FL.
    • (2007) Mineral Components in Foods , pp. 363-388
    • Reilly, C.1
  • 76
    • 34548394963 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ef ects of chromium on photosynthetic and photoreceptive apparatus of the alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
    • Rodríguez MC, Barsanti L, Passarelli V, Evangelista V, Conforti V, Gualtieri P. (2007). Ef ects of chromium on photosynthetic and photoreceptive apparatus of the alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Environ Res 105(2): 234-239.
    • (2007) Environ Res , vol.105 , Issue.2 , pp. 234-239
    • Rodríguez, M.C.1    Barsanti, L.2    Passarelli, V.3    Evangelista, V.4    Conforti, V.5    Gualtieri, P.6
  • 78
    • 0026710009 scopus 로고
    • The role of iron in oxygen-mediated toxicities
    • Ryan T P, Aust SD. (1992). The role of iron in oxygen-mediated toxicities. Crit Rev Toxicol 22: 119-41.
    • (1992) Crit Rev Toxicol , vol.22 , pp. 119-141
    • Ryan, T.P.1    Aust, S.D.2
  • 82
    • 0014831942 scopus 로고
    • Chromium def ciency as a factor in atherosclerosis
    • Schroeder HA, Nason AP, Tipton IH. (1970). Chromium def ciency as a factor in atherosclerosis. J Chron Dis 23(2): 123-142.
    • (1970) J Chron Dis , vol.23 , Issue.2 , pp. 123-142
    • Schroeder, H.A.1    Nason, A.P.2    Tipton, I.H.3
  • 84
    • 34247569070 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Arsenic in the environment: Ef ects on human health and possible prevention
    • Singh N, Kumar D, Sahu A. (2007). Arsenic in the environment: ef ects on human health and possible prevention. J Environ Biol 28(2 Suppl): 359-365.
    • (2007) J Environ Biol , vol.28 , Issue.2 , pp. 359-365
    • Singh, N.1    Kumar, D.2    Sahu, A.3
  • 85
    • 0036219601 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A review of the source, behavior and distribution of arsenic in natural waters
    • Smedley PL, Kinniburgh DG. (2002). A review of the source, behavior and distribution of arsenic in natural waters. Appl Geochem 17: 517-568.
    • (2002) Appl Geochem , vol.17 , pp. 517-568
    • Smedley, P.L.1    Kinniburgh, D.G.2
  • 86
    • 0033813588 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contamination of drinking-water by arsenic in Bangladesh: A public health emergency
    • Smith AH, Lingas EO, Rahman M. (2000). Contamination of drinking-water by arsenic in Bangladesh: a public health emergency. Bull World Health Organ 78(9): 1093-1103.
    • (2000) Bull World Health Organ , vol.78 , Issue.9 , pp. 1093-1103
    • Smith, A.H.1    Lingas, E.O.2    Rahman, M.3
  • 87
    • 0028798434 scopus 로고
    • Oxidative mechanisms in the toxicity of metal ions
    • Stohs SJ, Bagchi D. (1995). Oxidative mechanisms in the toxicity of metal ions. Free Radic Biol Med 18(2): 321-336.
    • (1995) Free Radic Biol Med , vol.18 , Issue.2 , pp. 321-336
    • Stohs, S.J.1    Bagchi, D.2
  • 88
    • 84874399098 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Eliminating childhood lead toxicity in Australia: A call to lower the intervention level
    • Taylor M P, Winder C, Lanphear BP. (2012). Eliminating childhood lead toxicity in Australia: a call to lower the intervention level. MJA 197(9): 493.
    • (2012) MJA , vol.197 , Issue.9 , pp. 493
    • Taylor, M.P.1    Winder, C.2    Lanphear, B.P.3
  • 89
    • 0030908008 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intracranial vascular calcif cations, glioblastoma multiforme, and lead poisoning
    • Teo J, Goh K, Ahuja A, Ng H, Poon W. (1997). Intracranial vascular calcif cations, glioblastoma multiforme, and lead poisoning. AJNR 18: 576-579.
    • (1997) AJNR , vol.18 , pp. 576-579
    • Teo, J.1    Goh, K.2    Ahuja, A.3    Ng, H.4    Poon, W.5
  • 90
    • 0037144464 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autocatalytic oxidation of lead crystallite surfaces
    • Thürmer K, Williams E, Reutt-Robey J. (2002). Autocatalytic oxidation of lead crystallite surfaces. Science 297(5589): 2033-2035.
    • (2002) Science , vol.297 , Issue.5589 , pp. 2033-2035
    • Thürmer, K.1    Williams, E.2    Reutt-Robey, J.3
  • 91
    • 16244398789 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Public health and economic consequences of methyl mercury toxicity to the developing brain
    • Trasande L, Landrigan PJ, Schechter C. (2005). Public health and economic consequences of methyl mercury toxicity to the developing brain. Environ Health Perspect 113 (5): 590-596.
    • (2005) Environ Health Perspect , vol.113 , Issue.5 , pp. 590-596
    • Trasande, L.1    Landrigan, P.J.2    Schechter, C.3
  • 94
    • 67649410440 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aluminum toxicity and resistance in higher plants
    • Vardar F, Ünal M. (2007). Aluminum toxicity and resistance in higher plants. Adv Mol Biol 1: 1-12.
    • (2007) Adv Mol Biol , vol.1 , pp. 1-12
    • Vardar, F.1    Ünal, M.2
  • 95
    • 0029541364 scopus 로고
    • Direct and Indirect ef ects of iron on river eco systems
    • Vuori K-M. (1995). Direct and Indirect ef ects of iron on river eco systems. Annal Zoo Fennici 32: 317-329.
    • (1995) Annal Zoo Fennici , vol.32 , pp. 317-329
    • Vuori, K.-M.1
  • 96
    • 84889098676 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lipid peroxidation: Mechanism, models and signif cance
    • Wadhwa N, Mathew BB, Jatawa S, Tiwari A. (2012). Lipid peroxidation: mechanism, models and signif cance. Int J Curr Sci 3: 29-38.
    • (2012) Int J Curr Sci , vol.3 , pp. 29-38
    • Wadhwa, N.1    Mathew, B.B.2    Jatawa, S.3    Tiwari, A.4
  • 97
    • 0005448890 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Geneva, World Health Organization, International Programme on Chemical Safety (Environmental Health Criteria 194)
    • WHO. (1997). Aluminium. Geneva, World Health Organization, International Programme on Chemical Safety (Environmental Health Criteria 194).
    • (1997) Aluminium
    • WHO.1
  • 98
    • 0003571842 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sixty-f rst meeting, Rome, 10-19 June 2003. Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives, Avaible from
    • WHO. (2004). Guidelines for drinking-water quality. Sixty-f rst meeting, Rome, 10-19 June 2003. Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives, Avaible from http://ftp.fao.org/es/esn/jecfa/jecfa61sc.pdf).
    • (2004) Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality
    • WHO.1
  • 99
    • 85006045387 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The inf uence of old leather tannery district on chromium contamination of soils, water and plants
    • Wolińska A, Stepniewska Z, Włosek R. (2013). The inf uence of old leather tannery district on chromium contamination of soils, water and plants. Nat Sci 5(2A): 253-258.
    • (2013) Nat Sci , vol.5 , Issue.2 A , pp. 253-258
    • Wolińska, A.1    Stepniewska, Z.2    Włosek, R.3
  • 100
    • 84863067432 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ef ect of Pb on growth, accumulation and quality component of tea plant
    • Yongsheng W, Qihui L, Qian T. (2011). Ef ect of Pb on growth, accumulation and quality component of tea plant. Procedia Engineering 18: 214-219.
    • (2011) Procedia Engineering , vol.18 , pp. 214-219
    • Yongsheng, W.1    Qihui, L.2    Qian, T.3
  • 101
    • 0038026994 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chromium in the environment: Factors af ecting biological remediation
    • Zayed AM, Terry N. (2003). Chromium in the environment: factors af ecting biological remediation. Plant Soil 249(1): 139-156.
    • (2003) Plant Soil , vol.249 , Issue.1 , pp. 139-156
    • Zayed, A.M.1    Terry, N.2
  • 102
    • 12144270899 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Importance of chromium-DNA adducts in mutagenicity and toxicity of chromium (VI)
    • Zhitkovich A. (2005). Importance of chromium-DNA adducts in mutagenicity and toxicity of chromium (VI). Chem Res Toxicol 18(1): 3-11.
    • (2005) Chem Res Toxicol , vol.18 , Issue.1 , pp. 3-11
    • Zhitkovich, A.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.