A new look at deformation as a diagnostic for large-scale flow

Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences

Volumn 71, Issue 11, 2014, Pages 4221-4234

  Spensberger, Clemens ^a   Spengler, Thomas ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BERGEN   (Norway)

Author keywords

Blocking; Dynamics; Extratropics; Rossby waves

Indexed keywords

DYNAMICS; MECHANICAL WAVES; OCEANOGRAPHY;

ATMOSPHERIC DYNAMICS; BLOCKING; COMPOSITE ANALYSIS; EXTRATROPICS; OROGRAPHIC BLOCKING; POTENTIAL MECHANISM; ROSSBY WAVE; TWO-DIMENSIONAL FLOW;

DEFORMATION;

ATMOSPHERIC DYNAMICS; FRONTOGENESIS; JET STREAM; ROSSBY WAVE; TROPOSPHERE; TWO-DIMENSIONAL FLOW; WAVE BREAKING;

EID: 84910153323     PISSN: 00224928     EISSN: 15200469     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/JAS-D-14-0108.1     Document Type: Article

References (51)

1. Altenhoff, A. M., O. Martius, M. Croci-Maspoli, C. Schwierz, and H. C. Davies, 2008: Linkage of atmospheric blocks and synoptic-scale Rossby waves:Aclimatological analysis. Tellus, 60A, 1053-1063, doi:10.1111/j.1600-0870.2008.00354.x.
2. Appenzeller, C., H. C. Davies, and W. A. Norton, 1996: Fragmentation of stratospheric intrusions. J. Geophys. Res., 101, 1435-1456, doi:10.1029/95JD02674.
3. Ball, F., 1956: The theory of strong katabatic winds. Aust. J. Phys., 9, 373-386, doi:10.1071/PH560373.
4. Batchelor, G. K., 1967: An Introduction to Fluid Dynamics. Cambridge University Press, 615 pp.
5. Berrisford, P., B. J. Hoskins, and E. Tyrlis, 2007: Blocking and Rossby wave breaking on the dynamical tropopause in the Southern Hemisphere. J. Atmos. Sci., 64, 2881-2898, doi:10.1175/JAS3984.1.
6. Bishop, C. H., and A. J. Thorpe, 1994: Frontal wave stability during moist deformation frontogenesis. Part I: Linear wave dynamics. J. Atmos. Sci., 51, 852-873, doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1994)051<0852:FWSDMD>2.0.CO;2.
7. Bjerknes, J., 1919: On the structure of moving cyclones. Mon. Wea. Rev., 47, 95-99, doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1919)47<95:OTSOMC>2.0.CO;2.
8. Black, R. X., and R. M. Dole, 2000: Storm tracks and barotropic deformation in climate models. J. Climate, 13, 2712-2728, doi:10.1175/1520-0442(2000)013<2712:STABDI>2.0.CO;2.
9. Chaboureau, J.-P., and A. J. Thorpe, 1999: Frontogenesis and the development of secondary wave cyclones in FASTEX. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 125, 925-940, doi:10.1002/qj.49712555509.
10. Charney, J. G., 1971: Geostrophic turbulence. J. Atmos. Sci., 28, 1087-1095, doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1971)028<1087:GT>2.0.CO;2.
11. Davies, H. C., and A. M. Rossa, 1998: PV frontogenesis and upper-tropospheric fronts. Mon. Wea. Rev., 126, 1528-1539, doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1998)126<1528:PFAUTF>2.0.CO;2.
12. Dee, D. P., and Coauthors, 2011: The ERA-Interim reanalysis:Configuration and performance of the data assimilation system. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 137, 553-597, doi:10.1002/qj.828.
13. Dole, R., and Coauthors, 2011: Was there a basis for anticipating the 2010 Russian heat wave? Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L06702, doi:10.1029/2010GL046582.
14. Durran, D. R., 1986: Another look at downslope windstorms. Part I: The development of analogs to supercritical flow in an infinitely deep, continuously stratified fluid. J. Atmos. Sci., 43, 2527-2543, doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1986)043<2527:ALADWP>2.0.CO;2.
15. Eady, E., 1949: Long waves and cyclone waves. Tellus, 1A, 33-52, doi:10.1111/j.2153-3490.1949.tb01265.x.
16. Egger, J., and K. Hoinka, 1992: Fronts and orography. Meteor. Atmos. Phys., 48, 3-36, doi:10.1007/BF01029557.
17. Harden, B. E., I. A. Renfrew, and G. N. Petersen, 2011: A climatology of wintertime barrier winds off southeast Greenland. J. Climate, 24, 4701-4717, doi:10.1175/2011JCLI4113.1.
18. Hoskins, B. J., 1975: The geostrophic momentum approximation and the semi-geostrophic equations. J. Atmos. Sci., 32, 233-242, doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1975)032<0233:TGMAAT>2.0.CO;2.
19. Hoskins, B. J., and P. D. Sardeshmukh, 1987: A diagnostic study of the dynamics of the Northern Hemisphere winter of 1985-86. Quart. J. Roy.Meteor. Soc., 113, 759-778, doi:10.1002/qj.49711347705.
20. Hoskins, B. J., I.N. James, and G. H. White, 1983: The shape, propagation and mean-flow interaction of large-scale weather systems. J. Atmos. Sci., 40, 1595-1612, doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1983)040<1595:TSPAMF>2.0.CO;2.
21. Hoskins, B. J., M. E. McIntyre, and A. W. Robertson, 1985: On the use and significance of isentropic potential vorticitymaps. Quart. J.Roy. Meteor. Soc., 111, 877-946, doi:10.1002/qj.49711147002.
22. Keyser, D., M. J. Reeder, and R. J. Reed, 1988: Ageneralization of Petterssen's frontogenesis function and its relation to the forcing of vertical motion. Mon. Wea. Rev., 116, 762-781, doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1988)116<0762:AGOPFF>2.0.CO;2.
23. Lamb, S. H., 1895: Hydrodynamics. Cambridge University Press, 604 pp.
24. LaPeyre, G., P. Klein, and B. Hua, 1999: Does the tracer gradient vector align with the strain eigenvectors in 2D turbulence? Phys. Fluids, 11, 3729-3737, doi:10.1063/1.870234.
25. Massacand, A. C., H. Wernli, and H. C. Davies, 1998: Heavy precipitation on the alpine southside: An upper-level precursor. Geophys. Res. Lett., 25, 1435-1438, doi:10.1029/98GL50869.
26. McIntyre,M. E., andT. N.Palmer, 1983: Breaking planetarywaves in the stratosphere. Nature, 305, 593-600, doi:10.1038/305593a0.
27. Moore, G. W. K., and I. A. Renfrew, 2005: Tip jets and barrier winds: A QuikSCAT climatology of high wind speed events around Greenland. J. Climate, 18, 3713-3725, doi:10.1175/JCLI3455.1.
28. Okubo, A., 1970: Horizontal dispersion of floatable particles in the vicinity of velocity singularities such as convergences. Deep-Sea Res. Oceanogr. Abstr., 17, 445-454, doi:10.1016/0011-7471(70)90059-8.
29. Oruba, L., G. Lapeyre, and G. Rivire, 2013: On the poleward motion of midlatitude cyclones in a baroclinic meandering jet. J. Atmos. Sci., 70, 2629-2649, doi:10.1175/JAS-D-12-0341.1.
30. Petersen, G. N., H. Ólafsson, and J. E. Kristjánsson, 2003: Flow in the lee of idealized mountains and Greenland. J. Atmos. Sci., 60, 2183-2195., doi:10.1175/1520-0469(2003)060<2183:FITLOI>2.0.CO;2.
31. Petersen, G. N., I. A. Renfrew, and G. W. K. Moore, 2009: An overview of barrier winds off southeastern Greenland during the Greenland Flow Distortion experiment. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 135, 1950-1967, doi:10.1002/qj.455.
32. Petterssen, S., 1936: Contribution to the theory of frontogenesis. Geofys. Publ., 11, 5-27.
33. Renfrew, I. A., A. J. Thorpe, and C. H. Bishop, 1997: The role of the environmental flow in the development of secondary frontal cyclones. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 123, 1653-1675, doi:10.1002/qj.49712354210.
34. Ringler, T. D., and K. H. Cook, 1997: Factors controlling nonlinearity in mechanically forced stationary waves over orography. J. Atmos. Sci., 54, 2612-2629, doi: 10.1175/1520-0469(1997)054<2612:FCNIMF>2.0.CO;2.
35. Rivière, G., 2008: Barotropic regeneration of upper-level synoptic disturbances in different configurations of the zonal weather regime. J. Atmos. Sci., 65, 3159-3178, doi:10.1175/2008JAS2603.1.
36. Rivière, G., 2009: Effect of latitudinal variations in low-level baroclinicity on eddy life cycles and upper-tropospheric wave-breaking processes. J. Atmos. Sci., 66, 1569-1592, doi:10.1175/2008JAS2919.1.
37. Rivière, G., and A. Joly, 2006a: Role of the low-frequency deformation field on the explosive growth of extratropical cyclones at the jet exit. Part I: Barotropic critical region. J. Atmos. Sci., 63, 1965-1981, doi:10.1175/JAS3728.1.
38. Rivière, G., and A. Joly, 2006b: Role of the low-frequency deformation field on the explosive growth of extratropical cyclones at the jet exit. Part II: Baroclinic critical region. J. Atmos. Sci., 63, 1982-1995, doi:10.1175/JAS3729.1.
39. Rivière, G., and I. Orlanski, 2007: Characteristics of the Atlantic storm-track eddy activity and its relation with the North Atlantic Oscillation. J. Atmos. Sci., 64, 241-266, doi:10.1175/JAS3850.1.
40. Sanders, F., 1986: Explosive cyclogenesis in the west-central North Atlantic Ocean, 1981-84. Part I: Composite structure and mean behavior. Mon. Wea. Rev., 114, 1781-1794, doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1986)114<1781:ECITWC>2.0.CO;2.
41. Shapiro, M. A., and D. A. Keyser, 1990: Fronts, jet streams, and the tropopause. NOAA Tech. Memo. ERL WPL 182, 75 pp.
42. Shutts, G. J., 1983: The propagation of eddies in diffluent jetstreams: Eddy vorticity forcing of 'blocking' flow fields. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 109, 737-761, doi:10.1002/qj.49710946204.
43. Smith, R. B., 1979: The influence of mountains on the atmosphere. Advances in Geophysics, Vol. 21, Academic Press, 87-230, doi:10.1016/S0065-2687(08)60262-9.
44. Strong, C., and G. Magnusdottir, 2008: Tropospheric Rossby wave breaking and the NAO/NAM. J. Atmos. Sci., 65, 2861-2876, doi:10.1175/2008JAS2632.1.
45. Swanson, K. L., 2000: Stationary wave accumulation and the generation of low-frequency variability on zonally varying flows. J. Atmos. Sci., 57, 2262-2280, doi:10.1175/1520-0469(2000)057<2262:SWAATG>2.0.CO;2.
46. Thorncroft, C. D., B. J. Hoskins, and M. E. McIntyre, 1993: Two paradigms of baroclinic-wave life-cycle behaviour. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 119, 17-55, doi:10.1002/qj.49711950903.
47. Vallis, G. K., 2006: Atmospheric and Oceanic Fluid Dynamics. Cambridge University Press, 745 pp.
48. Vuorela, L. A., 1953: A synoptic study of deformation fields. Tellus, 5A, 413-419, doi:10.1111/j.2153-3490.1953.tb01071.x.
49. Weiss, J., 1991: The dynamics of enstrophy transfer in twodimensional hydrodynamics. Physica D, 48, 273-294, doi:10.1016/0167-2789(91)90088-Q.
50. Wernli, H., and M. Sprenger, 2007: Identification and ERA-15 climatology of potential vorticity streamers and cutoffs near the extratropical tropopause. J. Atmos. Sci., 64, 1569-1586, doi:10.1175/JAS3912.1.
51. Woollings, T., B. Hoskins, M. Blackburn, and P. Berrisford, 2008: A new Rossby wavebreaking interpretation of the North Atlantic Oscillation. J. Atmos. Sci., 65, 609-626, doi:10.1175/2007JAS2347.1.