Earth observation satellite sensors for biodiversity monitoring: potentials and bottlenecks

International Journal of Remote Sensing

Volumn 35, Issue 18, 2014, Pages 6599-6647

  Kuenzer, Claudia ^a   Ottinger, Marco ^b   Wegmann, Martin ^b   Guo, Huadong ^c   Wang, Changlin ^c   Zhang, Jianzhong ^d   Dech, Stefan ^a,b   Wikelski, Martin ^e  

^a GERMAN AEROSPACE CENTER DLR   (Germany)

^b UNIVERSITY OF WÜRZBURG   (Germany)

^c INSTITUTE OF GEOLOGY AND GEOPHYSICS   (China)

^d Freelance Remote Sensing Consultant   (Germany)

^e MAX PLANCK INSTITUTE FOR ORNITHOLOGY   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BIODIVERSITY; ECOLOGY; OBSERVATORIES;

BIODIVERSITY MONITORING; CONSERVATION COMMUNITY; EARTH OBSERVATION SATELLITES; EARTH OBSERVATION SENSORS; REMOTE SENSING DATA; SPACEBORNE REMOTE SENSING; SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL RESOLUTIONS; TECHNICAL BACKGROUND;

REMOTE SENSING;

BIODIVERSITY; BIOMONITORING; REMOTE SENSING; SATELLITE DATA; SATELLITE SENSOR;

EID: 84910139108     PISSN: 01431161     EISSN: 13665901     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/01431161.2014.964349     Document Type: Review

References (141)

1. Abraham, C. 2014. “Rhino Horn is Not Medicine.” New Scientist 222 (2966): 27. doi:10.1016/S0262-4079(14)60828-9.
2. Bai, Y., N. Walsworth, B. Roddan, D. A. Hill, K. Broersma, and D. Thompson. 2005. “Quantifying Tree Cover in the Forest–Grassland Ecotone of British Columbia Using Crown Delineation and Pattern Detection.” Forest Ecology and Management 212 (1–3): 92–100. doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2005.03.005.
3. Baker, A. C., P. W. Glynn, and B. Riegl. 2008. “Climate Change and Coral Reef Bleaching: An Ecological Assessment of Long-Term Impacts, Recovery Trends and Future Outlook.” Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 80 (4): 435–471. doi:10.1016/j.ecss.2008.09.003.
4. Baret, F., and G. Guyot. 1991. “Potentials and Limits of Vegetation Indices for LAI and APAR Assessment.” Remote Sensing of Environment 35 (2–3): 161–173. doi:10.1016/0034-4257(91)90009-U.
5. Barnosky, A. D., N. Matzke, S. Tomiya, G. O. U. Wogan, B. Swartz, T. B. Quental, C. Marshall, J. L. McGuire, E. L. Lindsey, K. C. Maguire, B. Mersey, and E. A. Ferrer. 2011. “Has the Earth’s Sixth Mass Extinction Already Arrived?” Nature 471: 51–57. doi:10.1038/nature09678.
6. Belluco, E., M. Camuffo, S. Ferrari, L. Modenese, S. Silvestri, A. Marani, and M. Marani. 2006. “Mapping Salt-marsh Vegetation by Multispectral and Hyperspectral Remote Sensing.” Remote Sensing of Environment 105 (1): 54–67.
7. Benali, A., J. P. Nunes, F. B. Freitas, C. A. Sousa, M. T. Novo, P. M. Lourenço, J. C. Lima, J. Seixas, and A. P. G. Almeida. 2014. “Satellite-Derived Estimation of Environmental Suitability for Malaria Vector Development in Portugal.” Remote Sensing of Environment 145: 116–130. doi:10.1016/j.rse.2014.01.014.
8. Biggs, R., H. Simons, M. Bakkenes, R. J. Scholes, B. Eickhout, D. Van Vuuren, and R. Alkemade. 2008. “Scenarios of Biodiversity Loss in Southern Africa in the 21st Century.” Global Environmental Change 18 (2): 296–309. doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2008.02.001.
9. Birnie, R. V., R. A. Robertson, and G. C. Stove. 1982. “Remote Sensing for Agricultural Research and Monitoring Operations.” Agriculture and Environment 7 (2): 121–134. doi:10.1016/0304-1131(82)90002-9.
10. Blasco, F., T. Gauquelin, M. Rasolofoharinoro, J. Denis, M. Aizpuru, and V. Caldairou. 1998. “Recent Advances in Mangrove Studies Using Remote Sensing.” Marine and Freshwater Research 49 (4): 287–296. doi:10.1071/MF97153.
11. Blondeau-Patissier, D., J. F. R. Gower, A. G. Dekker, S. R. Phinn, and V. E. Brando. 2014. “A Review of Ocean Color Remote Sensing Methods and Statistical Techniques for the Detection, Mapping and Analysis of Phytoplankton Blooms in Coastal and Open Oceans.” Progress in Oceanography 123: 123–144. doi:10.1016/j.pocean.2013.12.008.
12. Brakke, T. W., E. T. Kanemasu, J. L. Steiner, F. T. Ulaby, and E. Wilson. 1981. “Microwave Radar Response to Canopy Moisture, Leaf-Area Index, and Dry Weight of Wheat, Corn, and Sorghum.” Remote Sensing of Environment 11: 207–220. doi:10.1016/0034-4257(81)90020-1.
13. Brand, U., R. Posenato, R. Came, H. Affek, L. Angiolini, K. Azmy, and E. Farabegoli. 2012. “The End‐Permian Mass Extinction: A Rapid Volcanic CO2 and CH4‐Climatic Catastrophe.” Chemical Geology 322–323: 121–144. doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2012.06.015.
14. Briant, G., V. Gond, and S. W. G. Laurance. 2010. “Habitat Fragmentation and the Desiccation of Forest Canopies: A Case Study from Eastern Amazonia.” Biological Conservation 143 (11): 2763–2769. doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2010.07.024.
15. Brown, D. D., S. Lapoint, R. Kays, W. Heidrich, F. Kümmeth, and M. Wikelski. 2012. “Accelerometer-Informed GPS Telemetry: Reducing the Trade-Off between Resolution and Longevity.” Wildlife Society Bulletin 36 (1): 139–146. doi:10.1002/wsb.111.
16. Buerkert, A., and E. Schlecht. 2009. “Performance of Three GPS Collars to Monitor Goats’ Grazing Itineraries on Mountain Pastures.” Computers and Electronics in Agriculture 65: 85–92. doi:10.1016/j.compag.2008.07.010.
17. Burton, M. 1999. “An Assessment of Alternative Methods of Estimating the Effect of the Ivory Trade Ban on Poaching Effort.” Ecological Economics 30 (1): 93–106. doi:10.1016/S0921-8009(98)00102-5.
18. Casa, R., and H. G. Jones. 2005. “LAI Retrieval from Multiangular Image Classification and Inversion of a Ray Tracing Model.” Remote Sensing of Environment 98 (4): 414–428. doi:10.1016/j.rse.2005.08.005.
19. Chuang, T.-W., G. M. Henebry, J. S. Kimball, D. L. Vanroekel-Patton, M. B. Hildreth, and M. C. Wimberly. 2012. “Satellite Microwave Remote Sensing for Environmental Modeling of Mosquito Population Dynamics.” Remote Sensing of Environment 125: 147–156. doi:10.1016/j.rse.2012.07.018.
20. Cooke, S. J., S. G. Hinch, M. Wikelski, R. D. Andrews, L. J. Kuchel, T. G. Wolcott, and P. J. Butler. 2004. “Biotelemetry: A Mechanistic Approach to Ecology.” Trends in Ecology & Evolution 19 (6): 334–343. doi:10.1016/j.tree.2004.04.003.
21. Cord, A. F., D. Klein, F. Mora, and S. Dech. 2014. “Comparing the Suitability of Classified Land Cover Data and Remote Sensing Variables for Modeling Distribution Patterns of Plants.” Ecological Modelling 272: 129–140. doi:10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2013.09.011.
22. Costello, M. J., W. K. Michener, M. Gahegan, Z.-Q. Zhang, and P. E. Bourne. 2013. “Biodiversity Data Should be Published, Cited, and Peer Reviewed.” Trends in Ecology & Evolution 28 (8): 454–461. doi:10.1016/j.tree.2013.05.002.
23. Costello, M. J., and J. Wieczorek. 2014. “Best Practice for Biodiversity Data Management and Publication.” Biological Conservation 173: 68–73. doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2013.10.018.
24. Cracknell, A. P. 1997. The Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR). 534 pp. London: Taylor & Francis. ISBN 0 7484 0209 8.
25. Cracknell, A. P. 2010. “Surrey Satellite Technology Limited (SSTL) and the Disaster Monitoring Constellation (DMC).” In Small Satellites for Earth Observation, edited by R. Sandau, H.-P. Röser, and A. Valenzuelo, 455 pp. Netherlands: Springer. http://www.springer.com/new+%26+forthcoming+titles+(default)/book/978-1-4020-6942-0
26. Cracknell, A. P., K. D. Kanniah, K. P. Tan, and L. Wang. 2013. “Evaluation of MODIS Gross Primary Productivity and Land Cover Products for the Humid Tropics Using Oil Palm Trees in Peninsular Malaysia and Google Earth Imagery.” International Journal of Remote Sensing 34 (20): 7400–7423. doi:10.1080/01431161.2013.820367.
27. Dell, A. I., J. A. Bender, K. Branson, I. D. Couzin, G. G. De Polavieja, L. P. J. J. Noldus, A. Pérez-Escudero, P. Perona, A. D. Straw, M. Wikelski, and U. Brose. 2014. “Automated Image-Based Tracking and Its Application in Ecology.” Trends in Ecology & Evolution 29 (7): 417–428. doi:10.1016/j.tree.2014.05.004.
28. Dietz, A. 2013. “Central Asian Snow Cover Characteristics between 1986 and 2012 derived from Time Series of Medium Resolution Remote Sensing Data.” Dissertation, University of Wuerzburg, 208 pp.
29. Duncan, C., D. Kretz, M. Wegmann, T. Rabeil, and N. Pettorelli. 2014. “Oil in the Sahara: Mapping Anthropogenic Threats to Saharan Biodiversity from Space.” Philosophical Transactions of the Royal SocietyB: Biological Sciences 369: 20130191. doi:10.1098/rstb.2013.0191.
30. Eisfelder, C., C. Kuenzer, and S. Dech. 2011. “Derivation of Biomass Information for Semi-Arid Areas Using Remote-Sensing Data.” International Journal of Remote Sensing. doi:10.1080/01431161.2011.620034.
31. Engler, R., L. T. Waser, N. E. Zimmermann, M. Schaub, S. Berdos, C. Ginzler, and A. Psomas. 2013. “Combining Ensemble Modeling and Remote Sensing for Mapping Individual Tree Species at High Spatial Resolution.” Forest Ecology and Management 310: 64–73. doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2013.07.059.
32. Esch, T., M. Thiel, A. Schenk, A. Roth, A. Muller, and S. Dech. 2010. “Delineation of Urban Footprints from TerraSAR-X Data by Analyzing Speckle Characteristics and Intensity Information.” IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing 48 (2): 905–916. doi:10.1109/TGRS.2009.2037144.
33. Fensholt, R., I. Sandholt, and M. S. Rasmussen. 2004. “Evaluation of MODIS LAI, fAPAR and the Relation between fAPAR and NDVI in a Semi-Arid Environment Using in Situ Measurements.” Remote Sensing of Environment 91 (3–4): 490–507. doi:10.1016/j.rse.2004.04.009.
34. Fingas, M., and C. Brown. 2014. “Review of Oil Spill Remote Sensing.” Marine Pollution Bulletin 83 (1): 9–23. doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.03.059.
35. Flaspohler, D. J., C. P. Giardina, G. P. Asner, P. Hart, J. Price, C. K. Lyons, and X. Castaneda. 2010. “Long-Term Effects of Fragmentation and Fragment Properties on Bird Species Richness in Hawaiian Forests.” Biological Conservation 143 (2): 280–288. doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2009.10.009.
36. Foody, G. M., and M. E. J. Cutler. 2006. “Mapping the Species Richness and Composition of Tropical Forests from Remotely Sensed Data with Neural Networks.” Ecological Modelling 195 (1–2): 37–42. doi:10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2005.11.007.
37. Fretwell, P. T., I. J. Staniland, and J. Forcada. 2014. “Whales from Space: Counting Southern Right Whales by Satellite.” PLoS ONE 9 (2): 1–9. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0088655.
38. Fretwell, P. T., and P. N. Trathan. 2009. “Penguins from Space: Faecal Stains Reveal the Location of Emperor Penguin Colonies.” Global Ecology and Biogeography 18: 543–552. doi:10.1111/j.1466-8238.2009.00467.x.
39. Fuller, R. M., G. B. Groom, S. Mugisha, P. Ipulet, D. Pomeroy, A. Katende, R. Bailey, and R. Ogutu-Ohwayo. 1998. “The Integration of Field Survey and Remote Sensing for Biodiversity Assessment: A Case Study in the Tropical Forests and Wetlands of Sango Bay, Uganda.” Biological Conservation 86 (3): 379–391. doi:10.1016/S0006-3207(98)00005-6.
40. Gardner, T. A., N. D. Burgess, N. Aguilar-Amuchastegui, J. Barlow, E. Berenguer, T. Clements, F. Danielsen, J. Ferreira, W. Foden, V. Kapos, S. M. Khan, A. C. Lees, L. Parry, R. M. Roman-Cuesta, C. B. Schmitt, N. Strange, I. Theilade, and I. C. G. Vieira. 2012. “A Framework for Integrating Biodiversity Concerns into National REDD+ Programmes.” Biological Conservation 154: 61–71. doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2011.11.018.
41. Gaston, K. J. 2000. “Global Patterns in Biodiversity.” Nature 405: 220–227. doi:10.1038/35012228.
42. Gillespie, T. W., J. Chu, E. Frankenberg, and D. Thomas. 2007. “Assessment and Prediction of Natural Hazards from Satellite Imagery.” Progress in Physical Geography 31 (5): 459–470. doi:10.1177/0309133307083296.
43. Goetz, A. F. H. 2009. “Three Decades of Hyperspectral Remote Sensing of the Earth: A Personal View.” Remote Sensing of Environment 113: S5–16. doi:10.1016/j.rse.2007.12.014.
44. Gong, P., J. Wang, L. Yu, Y. Zhao, Y. Zhao, L. Liang, Z. Niu, X. Huang, H. Fu, S. Liu, C. Li, X. Li, W. Fu, C. Liu, Y. Xu, X. Wang, Q. U. Cheng, L. Hu, W. Yao, H. Zhang, P. Zhu, Z. Zhao, H. Zhang, Y. Zheng, L. Ji, Y. Zhang, H. Chen, A. N. Yan, J. Guo, L. Yu, L. Wang, X. Liu, T. Shi, M. Zhu, Y. Chen, G. Yang, P. Tang, B. Xu, C. Giri, N. Clinton, Z. Zhu, J. Chen, and J. Chen. 2013. “Finer Resolution Observation and Monitoring of Global Land Cover: First Mapping Results with Landsat TM and ETM+ Data.” International Journal of Remote Sensing 34 (7): 2607–2654. doi:10.1080/01431161.2012.748992.
45. Gould, W. 2000. “Remote Sensing of Vegetation, Plant Species Richness, and Regional Biodiversity Hotspots.” Ecological Applications 10 (6): 1861–1870. doi:10.1890/1051-0761(2000)010[1861:RSOVPS]2.0.CO;2.
46. Griffiths, G. H., J. Lee, and B. C. Eversham. 2000. “Landscape Pattern and Species Richness; Regional Scale Analysis from Remote Sensing.” International Journal of Remote Sensing 21 (13–14): 2685–2704. doi:10.1080/01431160050110232.
47. Groom, G., M. Stjernholm, R. D. Nielsen, A. Fleetwood, and I. K. Petersen. 2013. “Remote Sensing Image Data and Automated Analysis to Describe Marine Bird Distributions and Abundances.” Ecological Informatics 2–8. doi:10.1016/j.ecoinf.2012.12.001.
48. Gupta, R. K. 1993. “NOAA/AVHRR Vegetation Indices as Agrometeorological Growth Parameter.” Advances in Space Research 13 (5): 223–232. doi:10.1016/0273-1177(93)90549-Q.
49. Gupta, R. K., T. S. Prasad, and D. Vijayan. 2000. “Relationship between LAI and NDVI for IRS LISS and Landsat TM Bands.” Advances in Space Research 26 (7): 1047–1050. doi:10.1016/S0273-1177(99)01115-1.
50. Hansen, M. C., P. V. Potapov, R. Moore, M. Hancher, S. A. Turubanova1, A. Tyukavina, D. Thau, S. V. Stehman, S. Goetz, T. R. Loveland, A. Kommareddy, A. Egorov, L. Chini, C. O. Justice, and J. R. G. Townshend. 2013. “High-Resolution Global Maps of 21st-Century Forest Cover Change.” Science 342 (6160): 850–853. doi:10.1126/science.1244693.
51. Hatfield, J. L. 1983. “Remote Sensing Estimators of Potential and Actual Crop Yield.” Remote Sensing of Environment 13 (4): 301–311. doi:10.1016/0034-4257(83)90032-9.
52. Hay, S. I., R. W. Snow, and D. J. Rogers. 1998. “Predicting Malaria Seasons in Kenya Using Multitemporal Meteorological Satellite Sensor Data.” Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 92 (1): 12–20. doi:10.1016/S0035-9203(98)90936-1.
53. Hazen, H. 2009. “Biodiversity Mapping.” In International Encyclopedia of Human Geography, edited by R. Kitchin and N. Thrift, 314–319. Oxford: Elsevier. doi:10.1016/B978-008044910-4.00006-7.
54. Henderson, F. M., and A. J. Lewis. 2008. “Radar Detection of Wetland Ecosystems: A Review.” International Journal of Remote Sensing 29 (20): 5809–5835. doi:10.1080/01431160801958405.
55. Herbreteau, V., G. Salem, M. Souris, J.-P. Hugot, and J.-P. Gonzalez. 2007. “Thirty Years of Use and Improvement of Remote Sensing, Applied to Epidemiology: From Early Promises to Lasting Frustration.” Health & Place 13 (2): 400–403. doi:10.1016/j.healthplace.2006.03.003.
56. Hese, S., W. Lucht, C. Schmullius, M. Barnsley, R. Dubayah, D. Knorr, K. Neumann, T. Riedel, and K. Schröter. 2005. “Global Biomass Mapping for an Improved Understanding of the CO2 Balance—The Earth Observation Mission Carbon-3D.” Remote Sensing of Environment 94 (1): 94–104. doi:10.1016/j.rse.2004.09.006.
57. Hirano, A., R. Welch, and H. Lang. 2003. “Mapping from ASTER Stereo Image Data: DEM Validation and Accuracy Assessment.” ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing 57 (5–6): 356–370. doi:10.1016/S0924-2716(02)00164-8.
58. Hoepffner, N., and G. Zibordi. 2009. “Remote Sensing of Coastal Waters.” In Encyclopedia of Ocean Sciences, edited by J. H. Steele, 2nd ed., 732–741. Oxford: Academic Press. doi:10.1016/B978-012374473-9.00801-8.
59. Horie, T., M. Yajima, and H. Nakagawa. 1992. “Yield Forecasting.” Agricultural Systems 40 (1–3): 211–236. doi:10.1016/0308-521X(92)90022-G.
60. Huete, A., Q. H. Liu, K. Batchily, and W. V. Leeuwen. 1997. “A Comparison of Vegetation Indices over a Global Set of TM Images for EOS-MODIS.” Remote Sensing of Environment 59: 440–451. doi:10.1016/S0034-4257(96)00112-5.
61. Hughes, G. R., P. Luschi, R. Mencacci, and F. Papi. 1998. “The 7000-km Oceanic Journey of a Leatherback Turtle Tracked by Satellite.” Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 229: 209–217. doi:10.1016/S0022-0981(98)00052-5.
62. Irons, J. R., J. L. Dwyer, and J. A. Barsi. 2012. “The Next Landsat Satellite: The Landsat Data Continuity Mission.” Remote Sensing of Environment 122: 11–21. doi:10.1016/j.rse.2011.08.026.
63. Jackson, R. D., and A. R. Huete. 1991. “Interpreting Vegetation Indices.” Preventive Veterinary Medicine 11 (3–4): 185–200. doi:10.1016/S0167-5877(05)80004-2.
64. Jonsson, T., P. Karlsson, and A. Jonsson. 2006. “Food Web Structure Affects the Extinction Risk of Species in Ecological Communities.” Ecological Modelling 199: 93–106. doi:10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2006.06.012.
65. Justice, C. O. 1992. “Satellite Monitoring of Tropical Forests. A Commentary on Current Status and International Roles. In Proceedings of the World Forest Watch Conference CEC EUR 14651 EN, edited by J.-P. Malingreau, R. Da Cunha, and C. Justice. Ispra: Joint Research Centre, CEC.
66. Kachelriess, D., M. Wegmann, M. Gollock, and N. Pettorelli. 2014. “The Application of Remote Sensing for Marine Protected Area Management.” Ecological Indicators 36: 169–177. doi:10.1016/j.ecolind.2013.07.003.
67. Karlsson, P., T. Jonsson, and A. Jonsson. 2007. “Food Web Structure and Interaction Strength Pave the Way for Vulnerability to Extinction.” Journal of Theoretical Biology 249: 77–92. doi: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2007.07.013.
68. Kataoka, R., T. Ebisuzaki, H. Miyahara, T. Nimura, T. Tomida, T. Sato, and S. Maruyama. 2014. “The Nebula Winter: The United View of the Snowball Earth, Mass Extinctions, and Explosive Evolution in the Late Neoproterozoic and Cambrian Periods.” Gondwana Research 25: 1153–1163. doi:10.1016/j.gr.2013.05.003.
69. Kivinen, S., and T. Kumpula. 2014. “Detecting Land Cover Disturbances in the Lappi Reindeer Herding District Using Multi-Source Remote Sensing and GIS Data.” International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation 27 (A): 13–19. doi:10.1016/j.jag.2013.05.009.
70. Klemas, V. 2013. “Fisheries Applications of Remote Sensing: An Overview.” Fisheries Research 148: 124–136. doi:10.1016/j.fishres.2012.02.027.
71. Knauer, K., U. Gessner, S. Dech, and C. Kuenzer. 2014. “Remote Sensing of Vegetation Dynamics in West Africa.” International Journal of Remote Sensing. doi:10.1080/01431161.2014.954062.
72. Knudsen, E., A. Lindén, C. Both, N. Jonzén, F. Pulido, N. Saino, W. J. Sutherland, L. A. Bach, T. Coppack, T. Ergon, P. Gienapp, J. A. Gill, O. Gordo, A. Hedenström, E. Lehikoinen, P. P. Marra, A. P. Møller, A. L. K. Nilsson, G. Péron, E. Ranta, D. Rubolini, T. H. Sparks, F. Spina, C. E. Studds, S. A. Saether, P. Tryjanowski, and N. C. Stenseth. 2011. “Challenging Claims in the Study of Migratory Birds and Climate Change.” Biological Reviews 86 (4): 928–946. doi:10.1111/j.1469-185X.2011.00179.x.
73. Kramer, H. 2002. Observation of the Earth and Its Environment: Survey of Missions and Sensors, 3rd ed. Springer Science & Business Media. http://www.springer.com/engineering/mechanical+engineering/book/978-3-642-62688-3
74. Kranstauber, B., A. Cameron, R. Weinzerl, T. Fountain, S. Tilak, M. Wikelski, and R. Kays. 2011. “The Movebank Data Model for Animal Tracking.” Environmental Modelling & Software 26 (6): 834–835. doi:10.1016/j.envsoft.2010.12.005.
75. Kuemmerle, T., K. Perzanowski, O. Chaskovskyy, K. Ostapowicz, L. Halada, A.-T. Bashta, I. Kruhlov, P. Hostert, D. M. Waller, and V. C. Radeloff. 2010. “European Bison habitat in the Carpathian Mountains.” Biological Conservation 143 (4): 908–916. doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2009.12.038.
76. Kuenzer, C., A. Bluemel, S. Gebhardt, T. V. Quoc, and S. Dech. 2011. “Remote Sensing of Mangrove Ecosystems: A Review.” Remote Sensing 3: 878–928. doi:10.3390/rs3050878.
77. Kuenzer, C., and S. Dech. 2013. “Theoretical Background of Thermal Infrared Remote Sensing.” In Thermal Infrared Remote Sensing – Sensors, Methods, Applications. Remote Sensing and Digital Image Processing Series, Vol. 17, edited by C. Kuenzer and S. Dech. 572 pp. Dordrecht: Springer Science+Business Media. ISBN 978-94-007-6638-9, pp-1-26.
78. Kuenzer, C., C. Hecker, J. Zhang, S. Wessling, and W. Wagner. 2008. “The Potential of Multidiurnal MODIS Thermal Band Data for Coal Fire Detection.” International Journal of Remote Sensing 29: 923–944. doi:10.1080/01431160701352147.
79. Kuenzer, C., and K. Knauer. 2013. “Remote Sensing of Rice Crop Areas.” International Journal of Remote Sensing 34 (6): 2101–2139. doi:10.1080/01431161.2012.738946.
80. Kutser, T., and D. L. B. Jupp. 2006. “On the Possibility of Mapping Living Corals to the Species Level Based on Their Optical Signatures.” Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 69 (3–4): 607–614. doi:10.1016/j.ecss.2006.05.026.
81. Lawler, S. P. 2001. “Rice Fields as Temporary Wetlands: A Review.” Israel, Journal of Zoology 47 (4): 513–528. doi:10.1560/X7K3-9JG8-MH2J-XGX1.
82. Legović, T., J. Klanjšček, and S. Geček. 2010. “Maximum Sustainable Yield and Species Extinction in Ecosystems.” Ecological Modelling 221: 1569–1574. doi:10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2010.03.024.
83. Leifer, I., W. J. Lehr, D. Simecek-Beatty, E. Bradley, R. Clark, P. Dennison, Y. Hu, S. Matheson, C. E. Jones, B. Holt, M. Reif, D. A. Roberts, J. Svejkovsky, G. Swayze, and J. Wozencraft. 2012. “State of the Art Satellite and Airborne Marine Oil Spill Remote Sensing: Application to the BP Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill.” Remote Sensing of Environment 124: 185–209. doi:10.1016/j.rse.2012.03.024.
84. Leinenkugel, P., M. Wolters, C. Kuenzer, N. Oppelt, and S. Dech. 2014. “Sensitivity Analysis for Predicting Continuous Fields of Tree-Cover and Fractional Land-Cover Distributions in Cloud-Prone Areas.” International Journal of Remote Sensing 35 (8): 2799–2821. doi:10.1080/01431161.2014.890302.
85. Leinenkugel, P., M. Wolters, N. Oppelt, and C. Kuenzer. Forthcoming. “Tree Cover and Forest Cover Dynamics in the Mekong Basin from 2001 to 2011.” Remote Sensing of Environment.
86. Leyequien, E., J. Verrelst, M. Slot, G. Schaepman-Strub, I. M. A. Heitkönig, and A. Skidmore. 2007. “Capturing the Fugitive: Applying Remote Sensing to Terrestrial Animal Distribution and Diversity.” International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation 9 (1): 1–20. doi:10.1016/j.jag.2006.08.002.
87. Löffler, E., and C. Margules. 1980. “Wombats Detected from Space.” Remote Sensing of Environment 9: 47–56. doi:10.1016/0034-4257(80)90046-2.
88. Loveland, T. R., and J. L. Dwyer. 2012. “Landsat: Building a Strong Future.” Remote Sensing of Environment 122: 22–29. doi:10.1016/j.rse.2011.09.022.
89. Lu, D. 2006. “The Potential and Challenge of Remote Sensing‐Based Biomass Estimation.” International Journal of Remote Sensing 27 (7): 1297–1328. doi:10.1080/01431160500486732.
90. Malingreau, J.-P. 1992. “Satellite-Based Forest Monitoring. A Review of Current Issues.” In Proceedings of the World Forest Watch Conference. CEC EUR 14651 EN, edited by J.-P. Malingreau, R. Da Cunha, and C. Justice. Ispra: Joint Research Centre, CEC.
91. Melesse, A. M., Q. Weng, P. S. Thenkabail, and G. B. Senay. 2007. “Remote Sensing Sensors and Applications in Environmental Resources Mapping and Modelling.” Sensors 7 (12): 3209–3241. doi:10.3390/s7123209.
92. Murwira, A., A. K. Skidmore, H. J. G. Huizing, and H. H. T. Prins. 2010. “Remote Sensing of the Link between Arable Field and Elephant (Loxodonta africana) Distribution Change along a Tsetse Eradication Gradient in the Zambezi Valley, Zimbabwe.” International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation 12 (1): S123–S130. doi:10.1016/j.jag.2009.09.007.
93. Myers, N., R. A. Mittermeier, C. G. Mittermeier, G. A. F. Da Fonseca, and J. Kent. 2000. “Biodiversity Hotspots for Conservation Priorities.” Nature 403: 853–858. doi:10.1038/35002501.
94. Nagendra, H. 2001. “Using Remote Sensing to Assess Biodiversity.” International Journal of Remote Sensing 22 (12): 2377–2400. doi:10.1080/01431160117096.
95. Nagendra, H., R. Lucas, J. P. Honrado, R. H. G. Jongman, C. Tarantino, M. Adamo, and P. Mairota. 2013. “Remote Sensing for Conservation Monitoring: Assessing Protected Areas, Habitat Extent, Habitat Condition, Species Diversity, and Threats.” Ecological Indicators 33: 45–59. doi:10.1016/j.ecolind.2012.09.014.
96. Nellis, M. D., and C. E. Bussing. 1990. “Spatial Variation in Elephant Impact on the Zambezi Teak Forest in the Chobe National Park, Botswana.” Geocarto International 5: 55–57. doi:10.1080/10106049009354259.
97. O’dor, R. K., K. Fennel, and E. Berghe. 2009. “A One Ocean Model of Biodiversity.” Deep Sea Research Particle II: Topical Studies in Oceanography 56 (19–20): 1816–1823. doi:10.1016/j.dsr2.2009.05.023.
98. Olson, D., E. Dinerstein, E. D. Wikramanayake, N. D. Burgess, G. V. N. Powell, E. C. Underwood, J. A. D’amico, I. Itoua, H. E. Strand, J. C. Morrison, C. J. Loucks, T. F. Allnutt, T. H. Ricketts, Y. Kura, J. F. Lamoreux, W. W. Wettengel, P. Hedao, and K. R. Kassem. 2001. “Terrestrial Ecoregions of the World: A New Map of Life on Earth.” Bioscience 51: 933–938. doi:10.1641/0006-3568(2001)051[0933:TEOTWA]2.0.CO;2.
99. Papi, F., M. Apollonio, B. Vaschetti, and S. Benvenuti. 1997. “Satellite tracking of a White Stork from Italy to Morocco.” Behavioural Processes 39: 291–294. doi:10.1016/S0376-6357(96)00752-8.
100. Pereira, H. M., S. Ferrier, M. Walters, G. N. Geller, R. H. G. Jongman, R. J. Scholes, M. W. Bruford, N. Brummitt, S. H. M. Butchart, A. C. Cardoso, N. C. Coops, E. Dulloo, D. P. Faith, J. Freyhof, R. D. Gregory, C. Heip, R. Höft, G. Hurtt, W. Jetz, D. S. Karp, M. A. McGeoch, D. Obura, Y. Onoda, N. Pettorelli, B. Reyers, R. Sayre, J. P. W. Scharlemann, S. N. Stuart, E. Turak, M. Walpole, and M. Wegmann. 2013. “Essential Biodiversity Variables.” Science 18 (339): 277–278.
101. Pino-Del-Carpio, A., A. H. Ariño, A. Villarroya, J. Puig, and R. Miranda. 2014. “The Biodiversity Data Knowledge Gap: Assessing Information Loss in the Management of Biosphere Reserves.” Biological Conservation 173: 74–79. doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2013.11.020.
102. Potapov, P. V., S. A. Turubanova, M. C. Hansen, B. Adusei, M. Broich, A. Altstatt, L. Mane, and C. O. Justice. 2012. “Quantifying Forest Cover Loss in Democratic Republic of the Congo, 2000–2010, with Landsat ETM+ Data.” Remote Sensing of Environment 122: 106–116. doi:10.1016/j.rse.2011.08.027.
103. Priede, I. G., and J. French. 1991. “Tracking of Marine Animals by Satellite.” International Journal of Remote Sensing 12 (4): 667–680. doi:10.1080/01431169108929684.
104. Pu, R., and S. Landry. 2012. “A Comparative Analysis of High Spatial Resolution IKONOS and Worldview-2 Imagery for Mapping Urban Tree Species.” Remote Sensing of Environment 124: 516–533. doi:10.1016/j.rse.2012.06.011.
105. Pueyo, Y., and C. L. Alados. 2007. “Effects of Fragmentation, Abiotic Factors and Land Use on Vegetation Recovery in a Semi-Arid Mediterranean Area.” Basic and Applied Ecology 8 (2): 158–170. doi:10.1016/j.baae.2006.03.009.
106. Raizman, E. A., H. B. Rasmussen, L. E. King, F. W. Ihwagi, and I. Douglas-Hamilton. 2013. “Feasibility Study on the Spatial and Temporal Movement of Samburu’s Cattle and Wildlife in Kenya Using GPS Radio-Tracking, Remote Sensing and GIS.” Preventive Veterinary Medicine 111 (1–2): 76–80. doi:10.1016/j.prevetmed.2013.04.007.
107. Röder, A., T. H. Udelhoven, J. Hill, G. Del Barrio, and G. Tsiourlis. 2008. “Trend Analysis of Landsat-TM and -ETM+ Imagery to Monitor Grazing Impact in a Rangeland Ecosystem in Northern Greece.” Remote Sensing of Environment 112 (6): 2863–2875. doi:10.1016/j.rse.2008.01.018.
108. Rundquist, D. C., S. Narumalani, and R. M. Narayanan. 2001. “A Review of Wetlands Remote Sensing and Defining New Considerations.” Remote Sensing Reviews 20 (3): 207–226. doi: 10.1080/02757250109532435.
109. Saatchi, S., W. Buermann, H. Ter Steege, S. Mori, and T. B. Smith. 2008. “Modeling Distribution of Amazonian Tree Species and Diversity Using Remote Sensing Measurements.” Remote Sensing of Environment 112 (5): 2000–2017. doi:10.1016/j.rse.2008.01.008.
110. Safi, K., K. Armour-Marshall, J. E. M. Baillie, N. J. B. Isaac, and Z. G. Davies. 2013. “Global Patterns of Evolutionary Distinct and Globally Endangered Amphibians and Mammals.” Plos ONE 8 (5). doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0063582.
111. Sandau, R. 2010. “Status and Trends of Small Satellite Missions for Earth Observation.” Acta Astronautica 66 (1–2): 1–12. doi:10.1016/j.actaastro.2009.06.008.
112. Santos, A. M. P. 2000. “Fisheries Oceanography Using Satellite and Airborne Remote Sensing Methods: A Review.” Fisheries Research 49 (1): 1–20. doi:10.1016/S0165-7836(00)00201-0.
113. Sasamal, S. K., S. B. Chaudhury, R. N. Samal, and A. K. Pattanaik. 2008. “Quickbird Spots Flamingos off Nalabana Island, Chilika Lake, India.” International Journal of Remote Sensing 29 (16): 4865–4870. doi:10.1080/01431160701814336.
114. Sassen, M., D. Sheil, K. E. Giller, and C. J. F. Ter Braak. 2013. “Complex Contexts and Dynamic Drivers: Understanding Four Decades of Forest Loss and Recovery in an East African Protected Area.” Biological Conservation 159: 257–268. doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2012.12.003.
115. Saxon, E. C. 1983. “Mapping the Habitats of Rare Animals in the Tanami Wildlife Sanctuary (Central Australia): An Application of Satellite Imagery.” Biological Conservation 27 (3): 243–257. doi:10.1016/0006-3207(83)90021-6.
116. Schwaller, M. R., C. E. Olson JR., Z. Ma, Z. Zhu, and P. Dahmer. 1989. “A Remote Sensing Analysis of Adélie Penguin Rookeries.” Remote Sensing of Environment 28: 199–206. doi:10.1016/0034-4257(89)90113-2.
117. Sheeren, D., S. Bonthoux, and G. Balent. 2014. “Modeling Bird Communities Using Unclassified Remote Sensing Imagery: Effects of the Spatial Resolution and Data Period.” Ecological Indicators 43: 69–82. doi:10.1016/j.ecolind.2014.02.023.
118. Sibanda, M., and A. Murwira. 2012. “Cotton Fields Drive Elephant Habitat Fragmentation in the Mid Zambezi Valley, Zimbabwe.” International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation 19: 286–297. doi:10.1016/j.jag.2012.05.014.
119. Steffen, W., P. J. Crutzen, and J. R. McNeill. 2007. “The Anthropocene: Are Humans Now Overwhelming the Great Forces of Nature.” AMBIO: A Journal of the Human Environment 36: 614–621. doi:10.1579/0044-7447(2007)36[614:TAAHNO]2.0.CO;2.
120. Stehman, S. V., M. C. Hansen, M. Broich, and P. V. Potapov. 2011. “Adapting a Global Stratified Random Sample for Regional Estimation of Forest Cover Change Derived from Satellite Imagery.” Remote Sensing of Environment 115 (2): 650–658. doi:10.1016/j.rse.2010.10.009.
121. Stenhouse, R. N. 2004 “Fragmentation and Internal Disturbance of Native Vegetation Reserves in the Perth Metropolitan Area, Western Australia.” Landscape and Urban Planning 68 (4): 389–401. doi:10.1016/S0169-2046(03)00151-8.
122. Stow, D. A., A. Hope, D. McGuire, D. Verbyla, J. Gamon, F. Huemmrich, S. Houston, C. Racine, M. Sturm, K. Tape, L. Hinzman, K. Yoshikawa, C. Tweedie, B. Noyle, C. Silapaswan, D. Douglas, B. Griffith, G. Jia, H. Epstein, D. Walker, S. Daeschner, A. Petersen, L. Zhou, and R. Myneni. 2004. “Remote Sensing of Vegetation and Land-Cover Change in Arctic Tundra Ecosystems.” Remote Sensing of Environment 89: 281–308. doi:10.1016/j.rse.2003.10.018.
123. Tarpley, J. D. 1991. “The NOAA Global Vegetation Index Product — A Review.” Global and Planetary Change 4 (1–3): 189–194. doi:10.1016/0921-8181(91)90091-A.
124. Tucker, C. J. 1979. “Red and Photographic Infrared Linear Combinations for Monitoring Vegetation.” Remote Sensing of Environment 8 (2): 127–150. doi:10.1016/0034-4257(79)90013-0.
125. Turner, W., G. Buchanan, C. Rondinini, J. Dwyer, M. Herold, L. Pin Koh, A. Leidner, P. Leimgruber, B. Mora, N. Pettorelli, Z. Szantoi, T. Hannes, M. Wegmann, and M. Wikelski. 2013. “Satellites: Make Data Freely Accessible.” Nature 498 (7452): 37. doi:10.1038/498037c.
126. Turner, W., S. Spector, N. Gardiner, M. Fladeland, E. Sterling, and M. Steininger. 2003. “Remote Sensing for Biodiversity Science and Conservation.” Trends in Ecology & Evolution 18 (6): 306–314. doi:10.1016/S0169-5347(03)00070-3.
127. Twitchett, R. J. 2013. “Mass Extinctions, Notable Examples of.” In Encyclopedia of Biodiversity, 2nd ed. edited by S. A. Levin, 167–177. Waltham: Academic Press. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-384719-5.00092-7.
128. Wagner, W., A. Luckman, J. Vietmeier, K. Tansey, H. Balzter, C. Schmullius, M. Davidson, D. Gaveau, M. Gluck, T. L. Toan, S. Quegan, A. Shvidenko, A. Wiesmann, and J. J. Yu. 2003. “Large-Scale Mapping of Boreal Forest in SIBERIA Using ERS Tandem Coherence and JERS Backscatter Data.” Remote Sensing of Environment 85 (2): 125–144. doi:10.1016/S0034-4257(02)00198-0.
129. Walker, W. S., J. M. Kellndorfer, E. Lapoint, M. Hoppus, and J. Westfall. 2007. “An Empirical Insar-Optical Fusion Approach to Mapping Vegetation Canopy Height.” Remote Sensing of Environment 109 (4): 482–499. doi:10.1016/j.rse.2007.02.001.
130. Walsh, S. J., A. L. McCleary, C. F. Mena, Y. Shao, J. P. Tuttle, A. González, and R. Atkinson. 2008. “Augusto González, Rachel Atkinson, Quickbird and Hyperion Data Analysis of an Invasive Plant Species in the Galapagos Islands of Ecuador: Implications for Control and Land Use Management.” Remote Sensing of Environment 112 (5): 1927–1941. doi:10.1016/j.rse.2007.06.028.
131. Wang, K., S. E. Franklin, X. Guo, and M. Cattet. 2010. “Remote Sensing of Ecology, Biodiversity and Conservation: A Review from the Perspective of Remote Sensing Specialists.” Sensors 10 (11): 9647–9667. doi:10.3390/s101109647.
132. Ware, I. M., P. Terletzky, and P. B. Adler. 2014. “Conflicting Management Objectives on the Colorado Plateau: Understanding the Effects of Bison and Cattle Grazing on Plant Community Composition.” Journal for Nature Conservation 22 (4): 293–301. doi:10.1016/j.jnc.2014.02.004.
133. White, A. T., H. P. Vogt, and T. Arin. 2000. “Philippine Coral Reefs under Threat: The Economic Losses Caused by Reef Destruction.” Marine Pollution Bulletin 40 (7): 598–605. doi:10.1016/S0025-326X(00)00022-9.
134. Wielgus, R. B., D. E. Morrison, H. S. Cooley, and B. Maletzke. 2013. “Effects of Male Trophy Hunting on Female Carnivore Population Growth and Persistence.” Biological Conservation 167: 69–7. doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2013.07.008.
135. Witt, M. J., S. Åkesson, A. C. Broderick, M. S. Coyne, J. Ellick, A. Formia, G. C. Hays, P. Luschi, S. Stroud, and B. J. Godley. 2010. “Assessing Accuracy and Utility of Satellite-Tracking Data Using Argos-Linked Fastloc-GPS.” Animal Behaviour 80 (3): 571–581. doi:10.1016/j.anbehav.2010.05.022.
136. Wulder, M. A., J. C. White, J. G. Masek, J. Dwyer, and D. P. Roy. 2011. “Continuity of Landsat Observations: Short Term Considerations.” Remote Sensing of Environment 115 (2): 747–751. doi:10.1016/j.rse.2010.11.002.
137. Xu, J., and D. Zhao. 2014. “Review of Coral Reef Ecosystem Remote Sensing.” Acta Ecologica Sinica 34 (1): 19–25. doi:10.1016/j.chnaes.2013.11.003.
138. Yang, C., J. H. Everitt, and B. Johnson. 2009. “Applying Image Transformation and Classification Techniques to Airborne Hyperspectral Imagery for Mapping Ashe Juniper Infestations.” International Journal of Remote Sensing 30 (11): 2741–2758. doi:10.1080/01431160802555812.
139. Yang, J., P. Weisberg, and N. A. Bristow. 2012. “Landsat Remote Sensing Approaches for Monitoring Long-Term Tree Cover Dynamics in Semi-Arid Woodlands: Comparison of Vegetation Indices and Spectral Mixture Analysis.” Remote Sensing of Environment 119 (16): 62–71. doi:10.1016/j.rse.2011.12.004.
140. Zalasiewicz, J., M. Williams, A. Haywood, and M. Ellis. 2011. “The Anthropocene: A New Epoch of Geological Time?” Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 369 (1938): 835–841.
141. Zhang, M., S. L. Ustin, E. Rejmankova, and E. W. Sanderson. 1997. “Monitoring Pacific Coast Salt Marshes using Remote Sensing.” Ecological Applications 7 (3): 1039–1053. doi:10.1890/1051-0761(1997)007[1039:MPCSMU]2.0.CO;2.