Combination therapy with metformin plus sulphonylureas versus metformin plus DPP-4 inhibitors: Association with major adverse cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality

Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism

Volumn 16, Issue 10, 2014, Pages 977-983

  Morgan, C Ll ^a   Mukherjee, J ^b   Jenkins Jones, S ^a   Holden, S E ^a,c   Currie, Craig J ^a,c  

^a Global Epidemiology   (United Kingdom)

^b BRISTOL MYERS SQUIBB   (United States)

^c CARDIFF UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors; MACE; Metformin; Mortality; Myocardial infarction; Stroke; Sulphonylurea

Indexed keywords

DIPEPTIDYL PEPTIDASE IV INHIBITOR; GLIBENCLAMIDE; GLICLAZIDE; GLIMEPIRIDE; GLIPIZIDE; HEMOGLOBIN A1C; LINAGLIPTIN; METFORMIN; SAXAGLIPTIN; SITAGLIPTIN; SULFONYLUREA; TOLBUTAMIDE; VILDAGLIPTIN; ANTIDIABETIC AGENT; GLUCOSE BLOOD LEVEL; GLYCOSYLATED HEMOGLOBIN; HEMOGLOBIN A1C PROTEIN, HUMAN; SULFONYLUREA DERIVATIVE;

ADULT; ARTICLE; CARDIOVASCULAR MORTALITY; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT; CLINICAL EVALUATION; CONTROLLED STUDY; FEMALE; FOLLOW UP; HEART INFARCTION; HUMAN; HYPOGLYCEMIA; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MONOTHERAPY; NON INSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETES MELLITUS; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; PROPENSITY SCORE; RISK ASSESSMENT; CHEMICALLY INDUCED; COMPARATIVE STUDY; DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2; DRUG COMBINATION; DRUG EFFECTS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; GLUCOSE BLOOD LEVEL; MIDDLE AGED; MORTALITY; MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; PROPORTIONAL HAZARDS MODEL; STROKE; UNITED KINGDOM;

BLOOD GLUCOSE; DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2; DIPEPTIDYL-PEPTIDASE IV INHIBITORS; DRUG THERAPY, COMBINATION; FEMALE; GREAT BRITAIN; HEMOGLOBIN A, GLYCOSYLATED; HUMANS; HYPOGLYCEMIC AGENTS; MALE; METFORMIN; MIDDLE AGED; MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; PROPORTIONAL HAZARDS MODELS; STROKE; SULFONYLUREA COMPOUNDS;

EID: 84910103619     PISSN: 14628902     EISSN: 14631326     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/dom.12306     Document Type: Article

References (42)

1. Diabetes UK. Diabetes in the UK 2011/2012: Key Statistics on Diabetes. London: Diabetes UK, 2011. Available from URL: http://www.diabetes.org.uk/Documents/Reports/Diabetes-in-the-UK- 2011-12.pdf. Accessed 7 February 2014.
2. UK Prospective Diabetes Study Group. Tight blood pressure control and risk of macrovascular and microvascular complications in type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 38). BMJ 1998; 317: 703-713.
3. Inzucchi SE, Bergenstal RM, Buse JB et al. Management of hyperglycaemia in type 2 diabetes: a patient-centered approach. Position statement of the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD). Diabetologia 2012; 55: 1577-1596.
4. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Type 2 Diabetes-Newer Agents (partial update of CG66) (CG87). London: NICE, 2009. Available from URL: http://guidance.nice.org.uk/cg87. Accessed 7 February 2014.
5. Gallwitx P, Rosenstock J, Rauch T et al. 2-year efficacy and safety of linagliptin compared with glimepiride in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on metformin: a randomized, double-blind, noninferiority trial. Lancet 2012; 380: 475-483.
6. Seck T, Nauck M, Sheng D, Sitagliptin Study 024 Group et al. Safety and efficacy of treatment with sitagliptin or glipizide in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on metformin: a 2-year study. Int J Clin Pract 2010; 64: 562-576.
7. Matthews DR, Dejager S, Ahren B et al. Vildagliptin add-on to metformin produces similar efficacy and reduced hypoglycaemic risk compared with glimepiride, with no weight gain: results from a 2-year study. Diabetes Obes Metab 2010; 12: 780-789.
8. Göke B, Gallwitz B, Eriksson B, Hellqvist A, Gause-Nilsson I. Saxagliptin is non-inferior to glipizide in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus inadequately controlled on metformin alone: a 52-week randomised controlled trial. Int J Clin Pract 2010; 64: 1619-1631.
9. Simpson SH, Majumdar SR, Tsuyuki RT, Eurich DT, Johnson JA. Dose-response relation between sulfonylurea drugs and mortality in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a population-based cohort study. CMAJ 2006; 174: 169-174.
10. Garratt KN, Brady PA, Hassinger NL, Grill DE, Terzic A, Holmes DR Jr. Sulfonylurea drugs increase early mortality in patients with diabetes mellitus after direct angioplasty for acute myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol 1999; 33: 119-124.
11. CPRD. The Clinical Practice Research Datalink. Available from URL: http://www.cprd.com/ObservationalData. Accessed 9 January 2014.
12. Morgan CL, Poole CD, Evans M, Barnett AH, Jenkins-Jones S, Currie CJ. What next after metformin? A retrospective evaluation of the outcome of second-line, glucose-lowering therapies in people with type 2 diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2012; 97: 4605-4612.
13. Charlson ME, Pompei P, Ales KL, MacKenzie CR. A new method of classifying prognostic comorbidity in longitudinal studies: development and validation. J Chronic Dis 1987; 40: 373-383.
14. Tzoulaki I, Molokhia M, Curcin V et al. Risk of cardiovascular disease and all cause mortality among patients with type 2 diabetes prescribed oral antidiabetes drugs: retrospective cohort study using UK general practice research database. BMJ 2009; 339: b4731.
15. Pantalone KM, Kattan MW, Yu C et al. Increase in overall mortality risk in patients with type 2 diabetes receiving glipizide, glyburide or glimepiride monotherapy versus metformin: a retrospective analysis. Diabetes Obes Metab 2012; 14: 803-809.
16. Karagiannis T, Paschos P, Paletas K, Matthews DR, Tsapas A. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors for treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus in the clinical setting: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ 2012; 344: e136.
17. Monami M, Genovese S, Mannucci E. Cardiovascular safety of sulfonylureas: a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Diabetes Obes Metab 2013; 15: 938-953.
18. Rathmann W, Kostev K, Gruenberger JB, Dworak M, Bader G, Giani G. Treatment persistence, hypoglycaemia and clinical outcomes in type 2 diabetes patients with dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors and sulphonylureas: a primary care database analysis. Diabetes Obes Metab 2013; 15: 55-61.
19. Murry CE, Jennings RB, Reimer KA. Preconditioning with ischemia: a delay of lethal cell injury in ischemic myocardium. Circulation 1986; 74: 1124-1136.
20. Gribble FM, Reimann F. Sulphonylurea action revisited: the post-cloning era. Diabetologia 2003; 46: 875-891.
21. Meier JJ, Gallwitz B, Schmidt WE, Mügge A, Nauck MA. Is impairment of ischaemic preconditioning by sulfonylurea drugs clinically important? Heart 2004; 90: 9-12.
22. Schramm TK, Gislason GH, Vaag A et al. Mortality and cardiovascular risk associated with different insulin secretagogues compared with metformin in type 2 diabetes, with or without a previous myocardial infarction: a nationwide study. Eur Heart J 2011; 32: 1900-1908.
23. Wheeler S, Moore K, Forsberg CW et al. Mortality among veterans with type 2 diabetes initiating metformin, sulfonylurea or rosiglitazone monotherapy. Diabetologia 2013; 56: 1934-1943.
24. Pantalone KM, Kattan MW, Yu C et al. The risk of overall mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes receiving different combinations of sulfonylureas and metformin: a retrospective analysis. Diabet Med 2012; 29: 1029-1035.
25. Zhao Y, Campbell CR, Fonseca V, Shi L. Impact of hypoglycemia associated with antihyperglycemic medications on vascular risks in veterans with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2012; 35: 1126-1132.
26. Zoungas S, Patel A, Chalmers J, ADVANCE Collaborative Group et al. Severe hypoglycemia and risks of vascular events and death. N Engl J Med 2010; 363: 1410-1418.
27. Gerstein HC, Miller ME, Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes Study Group. Effects of intensive glucose lowering in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 2008; 358: 2545-2559.
28. Amori RE, Lau J, Pittas AG. Efficacy and safety of incretin therapy in type 2 diabetes: systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA 2007; 298: 194-206.
29. Anderson JW, Konz EC. Obesity and diseasemanagement: effects of weight loss on comorbid conditions. Obes Res 2001; 9: 326S-334S.
30. Phung OJ, Scholle JM, Talwar M, Coleman CI. Effect of noninsulin antidiabetic drugs added to metformin therapy on glycemic control, weight gain, and hypoglycemia in type 2 diabetes. JAMA 2010; 303: 1410-1418.
31. Currie CJ, Poole CD, Gale EAM. The influence of glucose-lowering therapies on cancer risk in type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia 2009; 52: 1766-1777.
32. Gallagher EM, LeRoith D. The proliferating role of insulin and insulin-like growth factors in cancer. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2010; 21: 610-618.
33. Cao W, Ning J, Yang X, Liu Z. Excess exposure to insulin is the primary cause of insulin resistance and its associated atherosclerosis. Curr Mol Pharmacol 2011; 4: 154-166.
34. Scirica BM, Bhatt DL, Braunwald E et al. SAVOR-TIMI 53 Steering Committee and Investigators. Saxagliptin and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med 2013; 369: 1317-1326.
35. White WB, Cannon CP, Heller SR et al. Zannad F; EXAMINE Investigators. A cardiovascular safety study of the dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor alogliptin in patients with type 2 diabetes with acute coronary syndrome. N Engl J Med 2013; 369: 1327-1335.
36. Monami M, Lamanna C, Desideri CM, Mannucci E. DPP-4 inhibitors and lipids: systematic review and meta-analysis. Adv Ther 2012; 29: 14-25.
37. Dobrian AD, Ma Q, Lindsay JW et al. Dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor sitagliptin reduces local inflammation in adipose tissue and in pancreatic islets of obese mice. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2011; 300: E410-E421.
38. Anagnostis P, Athyros VG, Adamidou F et al. Glucagon-like peptide-1-based therapies and cardiovascular disease: looking beyond glycaemic control. Diabetes Obes Metab 2011; 13: 302-312.
39. Beisswenger PJ, Howell SK, Touchette AD, Lal S, Szwergold BS. Metformin reduces systemic methylglyoxal levels in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes 1999; 48: 198-202.
40. Hong J, Zhang Y, Lai S, SPREAD-DIMCAD Investigators et al. Effects of metformin versus glipizide on cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease. Diabetes Care 2013; 36: 1304-1311.
41. Kirpichnikov D, McFarlane SI, Sowers JR. Metformin: an update. Ann Intern Med 2002; 137: 25-33.
42. Brown AF, Ettner SL, Piette J et al. Socioeconomic position and health among persons with diabetes mellitus: a conceptual framework and review of the literature. Epidemiol Rev 2004; 26: 63-77.