Small bowel adenocarcinoma and Crohn's disease: Any further ahead than 50 years ago?

World Journal of Gastroenterology

Volumn 20, Issue 33, 2014, Pages 11486-11495

  Cahill, Caitlin ^a   Gordon, Philip H ^a   Petrucci, Andrea ^a   Boutros, Marylise ^a  

^a MCGILL UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

Author keywords

Cancer malignancy; Cancer risk; Crohn's disease; Incidental carcinoma; Inflammatory bowel disease; Late complications of Crohn's disease; Small bowel adenocarcinoma

Indexed keywords

CAPECITABINE; CISPLATIN; FLUOROURACIL; GEMCITABINE; IRINOTECAN;

CANCER ADJUVANT THERAPY; CANCER DIAGNOSIS; CANCER INCIDENCE; CANCER PREVENTION; CANCER PROGNOSIS; CANCER RISK; CANCER SURGERY; CLINICAL FEATURE; CROHN DISEASE; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; HUMAN; MULTIMODALITY CANCER THERAPY; REVIEW; SMALL INTESTINE CARCINOMA; ADENOCARCINOMA; DRUG EFFECTS; INCIDENCE; INTESTINAL NEOPLASMS; PATHOLOGY; PREDICTIVE VALUE; PROGNOSIS; PROTECTION; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK FACTOR; SMALL INTESTINE; SURGERY;

ADENOCARCINOMA; CROHN DISEASE; HUMANS; INCIDENCE; INTESTINAL NEOPLASMS; INTESTINE, SMALL; PREDICTIVE VALUE OF TESTS; PROGNOSIS; PROTECTIVE FACTORS; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK FACTORS;

EID: 84909608201     PISSN: 10079327     EISSN: 22192840     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i33.11486     Document Type: Review

References (89)

1. Ribeiro MB, Greenstein AJ, Heimann TM, Yamazaki Y, Aufses AH. Adenocarcinoma of the small intestine in Crohn's disease. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1991; 173: 343-349 [PMID: 1948581]
2. Jess T, Winther KV, Munkholm P, Langholz E, Binder V. Intestinal and extra-intestinal cancer in Crohn's disease: follow-up of a population-based cohort in Copenhagen County, Denmark. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2004; 19: 287-293 [PMID: 14984375 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2004.01858.x]
3. Ammann R, Bivetti J, Kobler E, Peter P. [Gastroenterologic roentgen quiz]. Leber Magen Darm 1977; 7: 91-130 [PMID: 323609]
4. Kerber GW, Frank PH. Carcinoma of the small intestine and colon as a complication of Crohn disease: radiologic manifestations. Radiology 1984; 150: 639-645 [PMID: 6695061]
5. Frank JD, Shorey BA. Adenocarcinoma of the small bowel as a complication of Crohn's disease. Gut 1973; 14: 120-124 [PMID: 4696534 DOI: 10.1136/gut.14.2.120]
6. Darke SG, Parks AG, Grogono JL, Pollock DJ. Adenocarcinoma and Crohn's disease. A report of 2 cases and analysis of the literature. Br J Surg 1973; 60: 169-175 [PMID: 4693566 DOI: 10.1002/bjs.1800600302]
7. Hoffman JP, Taft DA, Wheelis RF, Walker JH. Adenocarcinoma in regional enteritis of the small intestine. Arch Surg 1977; 112: 606-611 [PMID: 856102 DOI: 10.1001/archsurg.1977.01370050066011]
8. Munkholm P, Langholz E, Davidsen M, Binder V. Intestinal cancer risk and mortality in patients with Crohn's disease. Gastroenterology 1993; 105: 1716-1723 [PMID: 8253348]
9. Fielding JF, Prior P, Waterhouse JA, Cooke WT. Malignancy in Crohn's disease. Scand J Gastroenterol 1972; 7: 3-7 [PMID: 5010506 DOI: 10.3109/00365527209180730]
10. von Roon AC, Reese G, Teare J, Constantinides V, Darzi AW, Tekkis PP. The risk of cancer in patients with Crohn's disease. Dis Colon Rectum 2007; 50: 839-855 [PMID: 17308939 DOI: 10.1007/s10350-006-0848-z]
11. Shaukat A, Virnig DJ, Howard D, Sitaraman SV, Liff JM, Lederle FA. Crohn's disease and small bowel adenocarcinoma: a population-based case-control study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2011; 20: 1120-1123 [PMID: 21467236 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-10-1281]
12. Menon AM, Mirza AH, Moolla S, Morton DG. Adenocarcinoma of the small bowel arising from a previous strictureplasty for Crohn's disease: report of a case. Dis Colon Rectum 2007; 50: 257-259 [PMID: 17180254 DOI: 10.1007/s10350-006-0771-3]
13. Partridge SK, Hodin RA. Small bowel adenocarcinoma at a strictureplasty site in a patient with Crohn's disease: report of a case. Dis Colon Rectum 2004; 47: 778-781 [PMID: 15037927 DOI: 10.1007/s10350-003-0101-y]
14. Barwood N, Platell C. Case report: adenocarcinoma arising in a Crohn's stricture of the jejunum. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1999; 14: 1132-1134 [PMID: 10574144]
15. Jaskowiak NT, Michelassi F. Adenocarcinoma at a strictureplasty site in Crohn's disease: report of a case. Dis Colon Rectum 2001; 44: 284-287 [PMID: 11227948 DOI: 10.1007/BF02234306]
16. Greenstein AJ, Janowitz HD. Cancer in Crohn's disease. The danger of a by-passed loop. Am J Gastroenterol 1975; 64: 122-124 [PMID: 1181914]
17. Senay E, Sachar DB, Keohane M, Greenstein AJ. Small bowel carcinoma in Crohn's disease. Distinguishing features and risk factors. Cancer 1989; 63: 360-363 [PMID: 2910443]
18. Schuman BM. Adenocarcinoma arising in an excluded loop of ileum. N Engl J Med 1970; 283: 136-137 [PMID: 5423151 DOI: 10.1056/NEJM197007162830308]
19. Collier PE, Turowski P, Diamond DL. Small intestinal adenocarcinoma complicating regional enteritis. Cancer 1985; 55: 516-521 [PMID: 3965106]
20. Lashner BA. Risk factors for small bowel cancer in Crohn's disease. Dig Dis Sci 1992; 37: 1179-1184 [PMID: 1499440 DOI: 10.1007/BF01296557]
21. Piton G, Cosnes J, Monnet E, Beaugerie L, Seksik P, Savoye G, Cadiot G, Flourie B, Capelle P, Marteau P, Lemann M, Colombel JF, Khouri E, Bonaz B, Carbonnel F. Risk factors associated with small bowel adenocarcinoma in Crohn's disease: a case-control study. Am J Gastroenterol 2008; 103: 1730-1736 [PMID: 18564124 DOI: 10.1111/j.1572-0241.2008.01847.x]
22. Dossett LA, White LM, Welch DC, Herline AJ, Muldoon RL, Schwartz DA, Wise PE. Small bowel adenocarcinoma complicating Crohn's disease: case series and review of the literature. Am Surg 2007; 73: 1181-1187 [PMID: 18092659]
23. Widmar M, Greenstein AJ, Sachar DB, Harpaz N, Bauer JJ, Greenstein AJ. Small bowel adenocarcinoma in Crohn's disease. J Gastrointest Surg 2011; 15: 797-802 [PMID: 21336499 DOI: 10.1007/s11605-011-1441-x]
24. Greenstein AJ. Cancer in inflammatory bowel disease. Mt Sinai J Med 2000; 67: 227-240 [PMID: 10828908]
25. Negri E, Bosetti C, La Vecchia C, Fioretti F, Conti E, Franceschi S. Risk factors for adenocarcinoma of the small intestine. Int J Cancer 1999; 82: 171-174 [PMID: 10389747]
26. Solem CA, Harmsen WS, Zinsmeister AR, Loftus EV. Small intestinal adenocarcinoma in Crohn's disease: a case-control study. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2004; 10: 32-35 [PMID: 15058524 DOI: 10.1097/00054725-200401000-00005]
27. Palascak-Juif V, Bouvier AM, Cosnes J, Flourié B, Bouché O, Cadiot G, Lémann M, Bonaz B, Denet C, Marteau P, Gambiez L, Beaugerie L, Faivre J, Carbonnel F. Small bowel adenocarcinoma in patients with Crohn's disease compared with small bowel adenocarcinoma de novo. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2005; 11: 828-832 [PMID: 16116317 DOI: 10.1097/01.mib.0000179211.03650.b6]
28. Howe JR, Karnell LH, Menck HR, Scott-Conner C. The American College of Surgeons Commission on Cancer and the American Cancer Society. Adenocarcinoma of the small bowel: review of the National Cancer Data Base, 1985-1995. Cancer 1999; 86: 2693-2706 [PMID: 10594865]
29. Floch HF, Slattery LR, Hazzi CG. Carcinoma of the small intestine in regional enteritis: presentation of a case and review of the literature. Am J Gastroenterol 1978; 70: 520-527 [PMID: 369360]
30. Fresko D, Lazarus SS, Dotan J, Reingold M. Early presentation of carcinoma of the small bowel in Crohn's disease ("Crohn's carcinoma"). Case reports and review of the literature. Gastroenterology 1982; 82: 783-789 [PMID: 7060898]
31. Lightdale CJ, Sternberg SS, Posner G, Sherlock P. Carcinoma complicating Crohn's disease. Report of seven cases and review of the literature. Am J Med 1975; 59: 262-268 [PMID: 1155482 DOI: 10.1016/0002-9343(75)90361-7]
32. Smith TR, Conradi H, Bernstein R, Greweldinger J. Adenocarcinoma arising in Crohn's disease: report of two cases. Dis Colon Rectum 1980; 23: 498-503 [PMID: 7438952 DOI: 10.1007/BF02987086]
33. Traube J, Simpson S, Riddell RH, Levin B, Kirsner JB. Crohn's disease and adenocarcinoma of the bowel. Dig Dis Sci 1980; 25: 939-944 [PMID: 7449590 DOI: 10.1007/BF01308045]
34. Elsayes KM, Al-Hawary MM, Jagdish J, Ganesh HS, Platt JF. CT enterography: principles, trends, and interpretation of findings. Radiographics 2010; 30: 1955-1970 [PMID: 21057129 DOI: 10.1148/rg.307105052]
35. Buckley JA, Siegelman SS, Jones B, Fishman EK. The accuracy of CT staging of small bowel adenocarcinoma: CT/pathologic correlation. J Comput Assist Tomogr 1997; 21: 986-991 [PMID: 9386295 DOI: 10.1097/00004728-199711000-00025]
36. Engin G. Computed tomography enteroclysis in the diagnosis of intestinal diseases. J Comput Assist Tomogr 2008; 32: 9-16 [PMID: 18303282 DOI: 10.1097/rct.0b013e318059bed7]
37. Ikeuchi H, Nakano H, Uchino M, Nakamura M, Matsuoka H, Fukuda Y, Matsumoto T, Takesue Y, Tomita N. Intestinal cancer in Crohn's disease. Hepatogastroenterology 2008; 55: 2121-2124 [PMID: 19260489]
38. Vere CC, Foarfã C, Streba CT, Cazacu S, Pârvu D, Ciurea T. Videocapsule endoscopy and single balloon enteroscopy: novel diagnostic techniques in small bowel pathology. Rom J Morphol Embryol 2009; 50: 467-474 [PMID: 19690776]
39. Schulz HJ, Schmidt H. Intraoperative enteroscopy. Gastrointest Endosc Clin N Am 2009; 19: 371-379 [PMID: 19647646 DOI: 10.1016/j.giec.2009.04.011]
40. Placé V, Hristova L, Dray X, Lavergne-Slove A, Boudiaf M, Soyer P. Ileal adenocarcinoma in Crohn's disease: magnetic resonance enterography features. Clin Imaging 2012; 36: 24-28 [PMID: 22226439 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinimag.2011.03.006]
41. Soyer P, Hristova L, Boudghène F, Hoeffel C, Dray X, Laurent V, Fishman EK, Boudiaf M. Small bowel adenocarcinoma in Crohn disease: CT-enterography features with pathological correlation. Abdom Imaging 2012; 37: 338-349 [PMID: 21671043 DOI: 10.1007/s00261-011-9772-3]
42. Kodaira C, Osawa S, Mochizuki C, Sato Y, Nishino M, Yamada T, Takayanagi Y, Takagaki K, Sugimoto K, Kanaoka S, Furuta T, Ikuma M. A case of small bowel adenocarcinoma in a patient with Crohn's disease detected by PET/CT and double-balloon enteroscopy. World J Gastroenterol 2009; 15: 1774-1778 [PMID: 19360924 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.15.1774]
43. Van Weyenberg SJ, Bouman K, Jacobs MA, Halloran BP, Van der Peet DL, Mulder CJ, Van Kuijk C, Van Waesberghe JH. Comparison of MR enteroclysis with video capsule endoscopy in the investigation of small-intestinal disease. Abdom Imaging 2013; 38: 42-51 [PMID: 22527155 DOI: 10.1007/s00261-012-9892-4]
44. Miller TL, Skucas J, Gudex D, Listinsky C. Bowel cancer characteristics in patients with regional enteritis. Gastrointest Radiol 1987; 12: 45-52 [PMID: 3792758 DOI: 10.1007/BF01885102]
45. Watanabe M, Nakano H, Takano E, Miyachi I, Ito M, Kawase K. A case of small bowel carcinoma in Crohn's disease. Gastroenterol Jpn 1991; 26: 514-522 [PMID: 1916160]
46. Petras RE, Mir-Madjlessi SH, Farmer RG. Crohn's disease and intestinal carcinoma. A report of 11 cases with emphasis on associated epithelial dysplasia. Gastroenterology 1987; 93: 1307-1314 [PMID: 2824276]
47. Simpson S, Traube J, Riddell RH. The histologic appearance of dysplasia (precarcinomatous change) in Crohn's disease of the small and large intestine. Gastroenterology 1981; 81: 492-501 [PMID: 7250636]
48. Sigel JE, Petras RE, Lashner BA, Fazio VW, Goldblum JR. Intestinal adenocarcinoma in Crohn's disease: a report of 30 cases with a focus on coexisting dysplasia. Am J Surg Pathol 1999; 23: 651-655 [PMID: 10366146 DOI: 10.1097/00000478-199906000-00003]
49. Feldstein RC, Sood S, Katz S. Small bowel adenocarcinoma in Crohn's disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2008; 14: 1154-1157 [PMID: 18275076 DOI: 10.1002/ibd.20393]
50. Fishman PN, Pond GR, Moore MJ, Oza A, Burkes RL, Siu LL, Feld R, Gallinger S, Greig P, Knox JJ. Natural history and chemotherapy effectiveness for advanced adenocarcinoma of the small bowel: a retrospective review of 113 cases. Am J Clin Oncol 2006; 29: 225-231 [PMID: 16755174]
51. Greenstein A. Malignancy in Crohn's disease. Perspect Colon Rectal Surg 1995; 8: 137-159
52. Balaji V, Thompson MR, Marley NJ, Golding PL. Occult small bowel adenocarcinoma in a Crohn's stricture. J R Soc Med 1997; 90: 45 [PMID: 9059383]
53. Hawker PC, Gyde SN, Thompson H, Allan RN. Adenocarcinoma of the small intestine complicating Crohn's disease. Gut 1982; 23: 188-193 [PMID: 7040175 DOI: 10.1136/gut.23.3.188]
54. Richards ME, Rickert RR, Nance FC. Crohn's disease-associated carcinoma. A poorly recognized complication of inflammatory bowel disease. Ann Surg 1989; 209: 764-773 [PMID: 2543338 DOI: 10.1097/00000658-198906000-00014]
55. Michelassi F, Testa G, Pomidor WJ, Lashner BA, Block GE. Adenocarcinoma complicating Crohn's disease. Dis Colon Rectum 1993; 36: 654-661 [PMID: 8348849 DOI: 10.1007/BF02238592]
56. Thompson WG, Gillies RR, Silver HK, Shuster J, Freedman SO, Gold P. Carcinoembryonic antigen and alpha 1-fetoprotein in ulcerative colitis and regional enteritis. Can Med Assoc J 1974; 110: 775-777 [PMID: 4825147]
57. Rule AH, Goleski-Reilly C, Sachar DB, Vandevoorde J, Janowitz HD. Circulating carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA): relationship to clinical status of patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Gut 1973; 14: 880-884 [PMID: 4761608 DOI: 10.1136/gut.14.11.880]
58. Meryn S, Lochs H. Diagnostic usefulness of plasma carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels in Crohn's disease. Dig Dis Sci 1983; 28: 478-479 [PMID: 6839911 DOI: 10.1007/BF02430539]
59. Jess T, Gamborg M, Matzen P, Munkholm P, Sørensen TI. Increased risk of intestinal cancer in Crohn's disease: a metaanalysis of population-based cohort studies. Am J Gastroenterol 2005; 100: 2724-2729 [PMID: 16393226 DOI: 10.1111/j.1572-0241.2005.00287.x]
60. Freeman HJ. Tabulation of myeloid, lymphoid and intestinal malignancies in Crohn's disease. Can J Gastroenterol 2002; 16: 779-784 [PMID: 12464971]
61. Gyde SN, Prior P, Macartney JC, Thompson H, Waterhouse JA, Allan RN. Malignancy in Crohn's disease. Gut 1980; 21: 1024-1029 [PMID: 7461462 DOI: 10.1136/gut.21.12.1024]
62. Savoca PE, Ballantyne GH, Cahow CE. Gastrointestinal malignancies in Crohn's disease. A 20-year experience. Dis Colon Rectum 1990; 33: 7-11 [PMID: 2295280 DOI: 10.1007/BF02053192]
63. Laukoetter MG, Mennigen R, Hannig CM, Osada N, Rijcken E, Vowinkel T, Krieglstein CF, Senninger N, Anthoni C, Bruewer M. Intestinal cancer risk in Crohn's disease: a meta-analysis. J Gastrointest Surg 2011; 15: 576-583 [PMID: 21152994 DOI: 10.1007/s11605-010-1402-9]
64. Chen CC, Neugut AI, Rotterdam H. Risk factors for adenocarcinomas and malignant carcinoids of the small intestine: preliminary findings. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 1994; 3: 205-207 [PMID: 8019367]
65. Kersting S, Bruewer M, Laukoetter MG, Rijcken EM, Mennigen R, Buerger H, Senninger N, Krieglstein CF. Intestinal cancer in patients with Crohn's disease. Int J Colorectal Dis 2007; 22: 411-417 [PMID: 16847674 DOI: 10.1007/s00384-006-0164-z]
66. Ekbom A, Helmick C, Zack M, Adami HO. Extracolonic malignancies in inflammatory bowel disease. Cancer 1991; 67: 2015-2019 [PMID: 2004319]
67. Kaerlev L, Teglbjaerg PS, Sabroe S, Kolstad HA, Ahrens W, Eriksson M, Guénel P, Hardell L, Launoy G, Merler E, Merletti F, Stang A. Medical risk factors for small-bowel adenocarcinoma with focus on Crohn disease: a European population-based case-control study. Scand J Gastroenterol 2001; 36: 641-646 [PMID: 11424324 DOI: 10.1080/003655201750163150]
68. Greenstein AJ, Sachar D, Pucillo A, Kreel I, Geller S, Janowitz HD, Aufses A. Cancer in Crohn's disease after diversionary surgery. A report of seven carcinomas occurring in excluded bowel. Am J Surg 1978; 135: 86-90 [PMID: 623378 DOI: 10.1016/0002-9610(78)90015-6]
69. Kamiya T, Ando T, Ishiguro K, Maeda O, Watanabe O, Hibi S, Mimura S, Ujihara M, Hirayama Y, Nakamura M, Miyahara R, Ohmiya N, Goto H. Intestinal cancers occurring in patients with Crohn's disease. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2012; 27 Suppl 3: 103-107 [PMID: 22486881 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1746.2012.07082.x]
70. Kvist N, Jacobsen O, Nørgaard P, Ockelmann HH, Kvist HK, Schou G, Jarnum S. Malignancy in Crohn's disease. Scand J Gastroenterol 1986; 21: 82-86 [PMID: 3952455 DOI: 10.3109/00365528609034627]
71. Mellemkjaer L, Johansen C, Gridley G, Linet MS, Kjaer SK, Olsen JH. Crohn's disease and cancer risk (Denmark). Cancer Causes Control 2000; 11: 145-150 [PMID: 10710198 DOI: 10.1023/A:1008988215904]
72. Mizushima T, Ohno Y, Nakajima K, Kai Y, Iijima H, Sekimoto M, Nishida T, Nezu R, Ito T, Doki Y, Mori M. Malignancy in Crohn's disease: incidence and clinical characteristics in Japan. Digestion 2010; 81: 265-270 [PMID: 20134166 DOI: 10.1159/000273784]
73. Jess T, Loftus EV, Velayos FS, Harmsen WS, Zinsmeister AR, Smyrk TC, Schleck CD, Tremaine WJ, Melton LJ, Munkholm P, Sandborn WJ. Risk of intestinal cancer in inflammatory bowel disease: a population-based study from Olmsted county, Minnesota. Gastroenterology 2006; 130: 1039-1046 [PMID: 16618397 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2005.12.037]
74. Lakatos PL, David G, Pandur T, Erdelyi Z, Mester G, Balogh M, Szipocs I, Molnar C, Komaromi E, Kiss LS, Lakatos L. Risk of colorectal cancer and small bowel adenocarcinoma in Crohn's disease: a population-based study from western Hungary 1977-2008. J Crohns Colitis 2011; 5: 122-128 [PMID: 21453881 DOI: 10.1016/j.crohns.2010.11.005]
75. Greenstein AJ, Sachar DB, Smith H, Janowitz HD, Aufses AH. Patterns of neoplasia in Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Cancer 1980; 46: 403-407 [PMID: 7388778]
76. Canavan C, Abrams KR, Mayberry J. Meta-analysis: colorectal and small bowel cancer risk in patients with Crohn's disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2006; 23: 1097-1104 [PMID: 16611269 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2006.02854.x]
77. Chow WH, Linet MS, McLaughlin JK, Hsing AW, Chien HT, Blot WJ. Risk factors for small intestine cancer. Cancer Causes Control 1993; 4: 163-169 [PMID: 8481495 DOI: 10.1007/BF00053158]
78. Chan RC, Katelaris PH, Stewart P, Lin BP. Small bowel adenocarcinoma with high levels of microsatellite instability in Crohn's disease. Hum Pathol 2006; 37: 631-634 [PMID: 16647963 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2005.12.013]
79. Christodoulou D, Skopelitou AS, Katsanos KH, Katsios C, Agnantis N, Price A, Kappas A, Tsianos EV. Small bowel adenocarcinoma presenting as a first manifestation of Crohn' s disease: report of a case, and a literature review. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2002; 14: 805-810 [PMID: 12169995 DOI: 10.1097/00042737-200207000-00018]
80. Fell J, Snooks S. Small bowel adenocarcinoma complicating Crohn's disease. J R Soc Med 1987; 80: 51-52 [PMID: 3560126]
81. Gillen CD, Wilson CA, Walmsley RS, Sanders DS, O'Dwyer ST, Allan RN. Occult small bowel adenocarcinoma complicating Crohn's disease: a report of three cases. Postgrad Med J 1995; 71: 172-174 [PMID: 7746780 DOI: 10.1136/pgmj.71.833.172]
82. Gusakova I, Mermershtain W, Cohen Y, Ariad S. Small bowel adenocarcinoma in crohn disease patient complicated by microangiopathic hemolytic anemia. Am J Clin Oncol 2003; 26: 483-485 [PMID: 14528075 DOI: 10.1097/01.coc.0000037111.19239.FE]
83. Katsanos KH, Christodoulou DK, Michael M, Ioachim E, Tsianos GV, Agnantis N, Tsianos EV. Inflammatory bowel disease-related dysplasia and cancer: A referral center study in northwestern Greece. Eur J Intern Med 2005; 16: 170-175 [PMID: 15967331 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2004.09.016]
84. Koga H, Aoyagi K, Hizawa K, Iida M, Jo Y, Yao T, Oohata Y, Mibu R, Fujishima M. Rapidly and infiltratively growing Crohn's carcinoma of the small bowel: serial radiologic findings and a review of the literature. Clin Imaging 1999; 23: 298-301 [PMID: 10665347 DOI: 10.1016/S0899-7071(99)00149-7]
85. Kronberger IE, Graziadei IW, Vogel W. Small bowel adenocarcinoma in Crohn's disease: a case report and review of literature. World J Gastroenterol 2006; 12: 1317-1320 [PMID: 16534894]
86. Lindgren A, Wallerstedt S, Olsson R. Prevalence of Crohn's disease and simultaneous occurrence of extraintestinal complications and cancer. An epidemiologic study in adults. Scand J Gastroenterol 1996; 31: 74-78 [PMID: 8927944 DOI: 10.3109/00365529609031630]
87. Rubio CA, Befritz R, Poppen B, Svenberg T, Slezak P. Crohn's disease and adenocarcinoma of the intestinal tract. Report of four cases. Dis Colon Rectum 1991; 34: 174-180 [PMID: 1993415 DOI: 10.1007/BF02049994]
88. Sammartino P, Sibio S, Di Giorgio A, Caronna R, Viscido A, Zippi M, Biacchi D, Accarpio F, Mingazzini P, Caprilli R. Two synchronous adenocarcinomas of the small bowel in a patient with undiagnosed Crohn's disease of the terminal ileum. Int J Colorectal Dis 2006; 21: 388-391 [PMID: 16059693 DOI: 10.1007/s00384-005-0005-5]
89. Gollop JH, Phillips SF, Melton LJ, Zinsmeister AR. Epidemiologic aspects of Crohn's disease: a population based study in Olmsted County, Minnesota, 1943-1982. Gut 1988; 29: 49-56 [PMID: 3343012 DOI: 10.1136/gut.29.1.49]