The tet effect: Intelligence and the public perception of war

The Tet Effect: Intelligence and the Public Perception of War

Volumn , Issue , 2012, Pages 1-186

  Blood, Jake ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84909307208     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.4324/9780203339817     Document Type: Book

References (151)

1. Abrams, Creighton, General, USA, (While MACV/Deputy Commander). Message to Chairman, Joint Chiefs of Staff, 20 August 1967. Maintained at Texas Tech University, Vietnam Archives, Lubbock, TX in Westmoreland vs. CBS Collection, Box 11, Folder 42.
2. Adams, Sam. War of Numbers: An Intelligence Memoir. South Royalton, VT: Steerforth Press, 1994.
3. Adams, Sam. 'Vietnam Cover-Up: Playing War With Numbers.' Harper's Magazine, May 1975, 41-73.
4. Adler, Renata. Reckless Disregard: Westmoreland v. CBS et al. and Sharon v. Time. New York: Alfred A.Knopf, 1986.
5. Allen, George W. None So Blind: A Personal Account of the Intelligence Failure in Vietnam. Chicago: Ivan R.Dee, Publisher, 2001.
6. Ameringer, Charles D. US Foreign Intelligence: The Secret Side of American History. Lexington, MA: Lexington Books, 1990.
7. Anderson, M.. Arnsten M.. and Avech, H. Insurgent Organization and Operations: A Case Study of the Viet Cong in the Delta, 1964-1966. RM-5239-1-ISA/ARPA. Santa Monica, CA: The Rand Corp., 1967.
8. Andrade, Dale. Ashes to Ashes: The Phoenix Program and the Vietnam War. Lexington, MA: Lexington Books, 1990.
9. Andric, Ivo. The Bridge on the Drina. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1977.
10. Area Handbook for Vietnam. Co-authors: George L.Harris. Robert J.Catto. Frederic H.Chaffee. Frederica Muhlenberg. Freances Chadwich Rintz.and Harvey H.Smith. Foreign Areas Studies Division, The American University, Washington, DC. Reprint 1964. Washington: Government Printing Office, 1962.
11. Assessing the Vietnam War: A Collection from the Journal of the US Army War College (A Review of Recent Vietnam War Histories). Eds Lloyd J.Matthews and Dale E.Brown. Washington: Pergamon-Brassey's International Defense Publishers, 1987.
12. Atkeson, Edward B.. Maj. Gen. USA. 'Counting Enemy in Vietnam: A Difficult, Frustrating Task,' ARMY, April 1985, 1-2.
13. Barrett, David M., ed. Lyndon B.Johnson's Vietnam Papers: A Documentary Collection. College Station, TX: Texas A&M University Press, 1997.
14. BDM Corporation. A Study of Strategic Lessons Learned in Vietnam. McLean, VA: BDM Corp., 1980.
15. Benjamin, Burton. The CBS Benjamin Report. Washington: The Media Institute, 1984.
16. Berman, Larry. Planning A Tragedy: The Americanization of the War in Vietnam. New York: W.W.Norton and Company, 1982.
17. Brewin, Bob.and Syndney Shaw. Vietnam on Trial: Westmoreland vs. CBS. New York: Atheneum, 1987.
18. Bunker, Ellsworth. (while US Ambassador to Vietnam). Message to Walter W. Rostow (National Security Advisor), 29 August 1967. Maintained at Texas Tech University, Vietnam Archives, Lubbock, TX in Pike Collection, Unit 8, Box 20, Folder 3.
19. Carrier, J.M. A Profile of Viet Cong Returnees: July 1965 to June 1967. RM-5577-ISA/ARPA. Santa Monica, CA: The Rand Corp., 1968.
20. Carver, George.(CIA/SAVA attending meetings in Saigon). Message to HQ CIA. 10 July 1967. Maintained at Texas Tech University, Vietnam Archives, Lubbock, TX in Pike Collection, Unit 8, Box 20, Folder 3.
21. Carver, George.(CIA/SAVA attending conference in Saigon). Message to Richard Helms (Director of CIA), 11 September 1967. Maintained at Texas Tech University, Vietnam Archives, Lubbock, TX in Pike Collection, Unit 8, Box 20, Folder 3.
22. Carver, George.(CIA/SAVA attending conference in Saigon). Message to Richard Helms (Director of CIA). 12 September 1967. Maintained at Texas Tech University, Vietnam Archives, Lubbock, TX in Pike Collection, Unit 8, Box 20, Folder 4.
23. Carver, George (CIA/SAVA attending conference in Saigon). Message to Richard Helms (Director of CIA). 13 September 1967. Maintained at Texas Tech University, Vietnam Archives, Lubbock, TX in Pike Collection, Unit 8, Box 20, Folder 4.
24. Carver, George (CIA/SAVA attending conference in Saigon). Message to Richard Helms (Director of CIA). 14 September 1967. Maintained at Texas Tech University, Vietnam Archives, Lubbock, TX in Pike Collection, Unit 8, Box 20, Folder 4.
25. Clausewitz, Carl von. On War. Eds and trans. Michael Howard and Peter Paret. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1976.
26. Clodfelter, Michael. Vietnam in Military Statistics: A History of the Indochina Wars, 1772-1991. Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Co., Inc., 1995.
27. Colby, William. with James McCargar. Lost Victory. Chicago: Contemporary Books, Inc., 1989.
28. Conrad, Joseph. Nostromo. New York: The Modern Library, 1996.
29. Corson, William R. The Armies of Ignorance: The Rise of the American Intelligence Empire. New York: The Dial Press/James Wade Books, 1977.
30. Country Study: Republic of Vietnam. Walter Frank Choinski, Col, AUS (Ret.). Washington: American Institute for Research, 1965.
31. Creveld, Martin van. The Transformation of War. New York: The Free Press, 1991.
32. Cubbage, T.L. 'Westmoreland vs. CBS: Was Intelligence Corrupted by Policy Demands?' Leaders and Intelligence. Michael Handel, ed. London: Frank Cass & Co., 1988.
33. Davidson, Phillip B.. Lt. Gen. USA (Ret.). Vietnam At War: The History 1946-1975. New York: Oxford University Press, 1988.
34. Davidson, Phillip B. Secrets of the Vietnam War. Novato, CA: Presidio, 1990.
35. Davidson, Phillip B. MACV/J2 from June 1967 to May 1969. Oral History Interview by Ted Gittinger, on 30 March 1982. Maintained in the Lyndon Baines Johnson Library, Austin, TX.
36. Davidson, Phillip B. MACV/J2 from June 1967 to May 1969. Oral History Interview by Ted Gittinger, on 30 June, 1982. Maintained in the Lyndon Baines Johnson Library, Austin, TX.
37. Davidson, Phillip B. (MACV/J2). Message to Brig. General Godding (MACV/Deputy J2 attending conference in Washington, DC). 19 August 1967. Maintained at Texas Tech University, Vietnam Archives, Lubbock, TX in Pike Collection, Unit 8, Box 20, Folder 3.
38. Defense Intelligence Agency (Delegation visiting MACV/J2). Message to Director, DIA. 1 April 1967. Maintained at Texas Tech University, Vietnam Archives, Lubbock, TX in Pike Collection, Unit 8, Box 20, Folder 3.
39. Donnell, John C. Viet Cong Recruitment: Why and How Men Join. RM-5486-1-ISA/ARPA. Santa Monica, CA: The Rand Corp., 1967.
40. Enthoven, Alain C. and K.Wayne Smith. How Much Is Enough? Shaping the Defense Program, 1961-1969. New York: Harper & Row, Publishers, 1971.
41. Fergurson, Ernest B. Westmoreland: The Inevitable General. Boston: Little and Brown, 1968.
42. Finnegan, John Patrick. Military Intelligence: A Picture History. Arlington, VA: History Office, US Army Intelligence and Security Command, 1984.
43. Ford, Harold P. CIA and the Vietnam Policymakers: Three Episodes 1962-1968 online edition. Springfield, VA: National Technical Information Service, 1998. URL: accessed 21 December 1998.
44. Ford, Ronnie E., Capt. USA. Tet 1968: Understanding the Surprise. London: Frank Cass, 1995.
45. Gelb, Leslie H. and Richard K.Betts. The Irony of Vietnam: The System Worked. Washington: The Brookings Institution, 1979.
46. Harris, George L. et al. Area Handbook for Vietnam. Washington: US Government Printing Office, 1962.
47. Helms, Richard with William Hood. A Look over My Shoulder: A Life in the Central Intelligence Agency. New York: Random House, 2003.
48. Herring, George C. America's Longest War: The United States and Vietnam 1950-1975. New York: Alfred A.Knopf, 1979.
49. LBJ and Vietnam: A Different Kind of War. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press, 1994.
50. Hoang Ngoc Lung. Indochina Monographs: Intelligence. Washington, DC: US Army Center of Military History, 1976.
51. Hoffman, Bruce. 'A Nasty Business,' The Atlantic Monthly, January 2002, 49-52.
52. Hoopes, Townsend. The Limits of Intervention. New York: David McKay Company, Inc., 1969.
53. Isaacson, Walter and Evan Thomas. The Wise Men: Six Friends and the World They Made. New York: Simon and Schuster, Inc., 1986.
54. Isserman, Maurice. Witness to War Vietnam: Personal Narratives from the Conflict in Vietnam. New York: The Berkley Publishing Group, 1995.
55. Johnson, Lyndon Baines. The Vantage Point: Perspectives of the Presidency 1963-1969. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1971.
56. Jones, Bruce E. War Without Windows. New York: Berkley Books, 1987.
57. Kaplan, Robert D. Balkan Ghosts: A Journey through History. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1993.
58. The Coming Anarchy. New York: Vintage Books, 2000.
59. Kent, Sherman. Strategic Intelligence for American World Policy. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1949.
60. Knoebl, Kuno. Victor Charlie: The Face of War in Vietnam. New York: Frederick A. Praeger, Publishers, 1967.
61. Kolko, Gabriel. Anatomy of a War: Vietnam, the United States, and the Modern Historical Experience. New York: The New Press, 1985.
62. Komar, Robert W. Bureaucracy at War: US Performance in the Vietnam Conflict. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1986.
63. Komar, Robert W. (While MACV/Chief of Pacification). Message to George Carver (CIA/SAVA). 19 August 1967. Maintained at Texas Tech University, Vietnam Archives, Lubbock, TX in Pike Collection, Unit 8, Box 20, Folder 2.
64. Lanning, Michael Lee.and Dan Cragg. Inside the VC and the NVA: The Real Story of North Vietnam's Armed Forces. Paperback edn. New York: Ivy Books, 1992.
65. Laqueur, Walter. A World of Secrets: The Uses and Limits of Intelligence. New York: Basic Books, Inc., Publishers, 1985.
66. Leites, Nathan. The Viet Cong Style of Politics. RM-5487-1-ISA/ARPA. Santa Monica, CA: The Rand Corp., 1969.
67. The Lessons of Vietnam. W.Scott Thompson and Donaldson D.Frizzell eds. New York: Crane, Russak and Company, 1977.
68. McChristian, Joseph A.. Maj. General, USA. Vietnam Studies: The Role of Military Intelligence 1965-1967. Washington: US Government Printing Office, 1970.
69. McChristian, Joseph A. Interview with the author on 17 and 18 January 1992.
70. McDonald, Peter. Giap: The Victor in Vietnam. New York: W.W.Norton & Company, 1993.
71. McGarvey, Patrick J. Visions of Victory: Selected Communist Military Writings, 1964-1968.
72. Stanford, CA: Hoover Institution on War, Revolution and Peace, 1969.
73. Maclear, Michael. The Ten Thousand Day War: Vietnam 1945-1975. New York: Avon Books, 1981.
74. McNamara, Robert S. In Retrospect: The Tragedy and Lessons of Vietnam. New York: Times Books, 1995.
75. Major Problems in the History of the Vietnam War. Robert J.McMahon ed. Lexington, MA: D.C. Heath and Company, 1995.
76. Mao Tse-Tung. Mao Tse-Tung on Guerrilla Warfare. Trans. Samuel B.Griffith. New York: Praeger Publishers, 1961.
77. Mao Tse-Tung. Quotations from Chairman Mao Tse-Tung. Peking: Foreign Language Press, 1967.
78. Marrin, Albert. America and Vietnam: The Elephant and the Tiger. New York: Viking, 1992.
79. Mueller, John E. War, Presidents and Public Opinion. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1973.
80. Nguyen, Hung P. 'Communist Offensive Strategy and Defense of South Vietnam' in Assessing the Vietnam War: A Collection from the Journal of the US Army War College (A Review of Recent Vietnam War Histories). Lloyed J.Matthews and Dale E.Brown eds. Washington: Pergamon-Brassey's International Defense Publishers, 1987.
81. Oberdorfer, Don. Tet! The Turning Point in the Vietnam War. Paperback edn. New York: Da Capo Press, Inc., 1984.
82. Palmer, Bruce Jr.. General, USA (Ret.). The 25-Year War: America's Military Role in Vietnam. Lexington, KY: The University Press of Kentucky, 1984.
83. Pearce, Michael R. The Insurgent Environment. RM-5533-ARPA. Santa Monica, CA: The Rand Corp., 1969.
84. The Pentagon Papers, Gravel Edition, Volumes 1 through 4. Boston: Beacon Press, 1971.
85. Pike, Douglas. PAVN: People's Army of Vietnam. Paperback edn. New York: Da Capo Press, Inc., 1986.
86. Pike, Douglas. Viet Cong: The Organization and Technique of the National Liberation Front of South Vietnam. Cambridge, MA: The M.I.T. Press, 1966.
87. Pike, Douglas. Viet Cong Strategy for Terror. Saigon: Monograph for US Mission, Vietnam, 1970.
88. Pike, Douglas. War, Peace, and the Viet Cong. Cambridge, MA: The M.I.T. Press, 1969.
89. Powers, Thomas. The Man Who Kept the Secrets: Richard Helms and the CIA. New York: Alfred A.Knopf, 1979.
90. Prados, John. The Hidden History of the Vietnam War. Chicago: Ivan R.Dee, Publisher, 1995.
91. Race, Jeffrey. War Comes to Long An. Paperback ed. Berkley, CA: University of California Press, 1973.
92. Ranelagh, John. The Agency: The Rise and Decline of the CIA. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1986.
93. Rogers, Bernard William. Lt. Gen. USA. Vietnam Studies: Cedar Falls-Junction City: A Turning Point. Washington: US Government Printing Office, 1974.
94. Rostow, W.W. The Diffusion of Power: An Essay in Recent History. New York: The Macmillan Company, 1972.
95. Roth, M.Patricia. The Juror and the General. New York: William Morrow and Company, Inc., 1986.
96. Schandler, Herbert Y. The Unmaking of a President: Lyndon Johnson and Vietnam. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1977.
97. Shaplen, Robert. The Lost Revolution. New York: Harper and Row, Publishers, 1965.
98. Sharp, U.S.G., Admiral, USN and William C.Westmoreland, General, USA. Report on the War in Vietnam (As of 30 June 1968). Washington: US Government Printing Office, 1968.
99. Smith, Eric McAllister. Not By the Book: A Combat Intelligence Officer in Vietnam. New York: Ivy Books, 1993.
100. Special National Intelligence Estimate (SNIE) 14.3-67. Capabilities of the Vietnamese Communists for Fighting in South Vietnam. Washington: CIA, 1967. Maintained at Texas Tech University, Vietnam Archives, Lubbock, TX in CIA Collection, Box 12, Folder 152.
101. Strategic Military Surprise: Incentives and Opportunities. Klaus Knorr and Patrick Morgan eds. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Books, 1983.
102. Strong, Kenneth Sir. Maj. Gen. (UK). Men of Intelligence: A Study of the Roles and Decisions of Chiefs of Intelligence from World War I to the Present Day. New York: A Giniger Book with St. Martin's Press, 1971.
103. Summers, Harry G., Jr. Col. USA (Ret.). On Strategy: A Critical Analysis of the Vietnam War. Novato, CA: Presidio Press, 1982.
104. Summers, Harry G., Jr. Vietnam War Almanac. New York: Facts On File Publications, 1985.
105. Sun Tzu. The Art of War. Trans. Samuel B.Griffith. London: Oxford University Press, 1963.
106. Tanham, George K. Communist Revolutionary Warfare: From the Vietminh to the Viet Cong. Rev. edn. New York: Frederick A.Praeger, Publishers, 1967.
107. The Tet Offensive. Marc Jason Gilbert and William Head eds. Westport, CT: Praeger Publishers, 1996.
108. Trullinger, James W.Village at War: An Account of Conflict in Vietnam. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1994.
109. US Department of Defense. Department of Defense US Casualties in Southeast Asia: Statistics as of April 30, 1985. Washington: Government Printing Office, 1985.
110. US Military Assistance Command, Vietnam. Handbook for US Forces in Vietnam. Saigon: HQ MACV, 1968.
111. US Military Assistance Command, Vietnam Comprehensive Plan for South Vietnam. Saigon: HQ MACV, 1963.
112. US Military Assistance Command, Vietnam/J2. Order of Battle Summary for May 1967. Saigon: HQ MACV, 1967.
113. US Military Assistance Command, Vietnam/J2. Order of Battle Summary for June 1967. Saigon: HQ MACV, 1967.
114. US Military Assistance Command, Vietnam/J2. Order of Battle Summary for July 1967. Saigon: HQ MACV, 1967.
115. US Military Assistance Command, Vietnam/J2. Order of Battle Summary for August 1967. Saigon: HQ MACV, 1967.
116. US Military Assistance Command, Vietnam/J2. Order of Battle Summary for October 1967. Saigon: HQ MACV, 1967.
117. US Military Assistance Command, Vietnam/J2. Order of Battle Summary for November and December 1967. Saigon: HQ MACV, 1967.
118. US Military Assistance Command, Vietnam/J2. Order of Battle Summary for January 1968. Saigon: HQ MACV, 1968.
119. US Military Assistance Command, Vietnam/J2. Order of Battle Summary for February 1968. Saigon: HQ MACV, 1968.
120. US Military Assistance Command, Vietnam/J2. Order of Battle Summary for March 1968. Saigon: HQ MACV, 1968.
121. US Military Assistance Command, Vietnam/J2. Order of Battle Summary for April 1968. Saigon: HQ MACV, 1968.
122. US Military Assistance Command, Vietnam/J2. Order of Battle Summary for June 1968. Saigon: HQ MACV, 1968.
123. US Military Assistance Command, Vietnam/J2. Order of Battle Summary for July 1968. Saigon: HQ MACV, 1968.
124. US Military Assistance Command, Vietnam/J2. Order of Battle Summary for August 1968. Saigon: HQ MACV, 1968.
125. US Military Assistance Command, Vietnam/J2. Order of Battle Summary for September 1972. Saigon: HQ MACV, 1972.
126. US Military Assistance Command/Deputy J2 (Brig. General Godding attending Conference in Washington, DC). Message to Brig. General Davidson (MACV/J2). 19 August 1967. Maintained at Texas Tech University, Vietnam Archives, Lubbock, TX in Pike Collection, Unit 8, Box 20, Folder 3.
127. US Military Assistance Command, Vietnam/Joint US Public Affairs Office. Vietnam Documents and Research Notes, Document 6, The People's Revolutionary Party in Rural Areas. Saigon: Joint United States Public Affairs Office, October 1967.
128. US Military Assistance Command, Vietnam/Press Office. Press Release, Background Material for the information of newsmen specializing in Southeast Asian affairs. 30 July 1964. Maintained at Texas Tech University, Vietnam Archives, Lubbock, TX in Pike Collection, Unit 3, Box 43, Folder 4.
129. US Military Assistance Command, Vietnam and RVNAF, Joint General Staff. Campaign Plan AB 141: Campaign Plan for Military Operations in the Republic of Vietnam-1966. Saigon: HQ MACV, 1965.
130. AB 142: Combined Campaign Plan 1967. Saigon: HQ MACV, 1966.
131. AB 143: Combined Campaign Plan 1968. Saigon: HQ MACV, 1967.
132. US Pacific Command. The Conference to Standardize Methods for Developing and Presenting Statistics on Order of Battle Infiltration Trends and Estimates. Camp Smith, HI: HQ CINCPAC, 1967.
133. Vietnam: A History in Documents. Gareth Porter ed. New York: New American Library, 1979.
134. Vietnam: The Definitive Documentation of Human Decisions. Vol. 1. Gareth Porter ed. Stanfordville, NY: Earl M.Coleman Enterprises, Inc., Publishers, 1979.
135. Vietnam: The Definitive Documentation of Human Decisions. Vol. 2. Gareth Porter ed. Stanfordville, NY: Earl M.Coleman Enterprises, Inc., Publishers, 1979.
136. The Viet-Nam Reader: Articles and Documents on American Foreign Policy and the Viet-Nam Crisis. Marcus G.Raskin and Bernard B.Fall eds. Rev. paperback edn. New York: Vantage Books, 1967.
137. The Vietnam War: The History of America's Conflict in Southeast Asia. Bernard C. Nalty ed. New York: Smithmark Publishers, 1996.
138. Vo Nguyen Giap. People's War, People's Army: The Viet Cong Insurrection Manual for Underdeveloped Countries. London: Frederick A.Praeger, Publishers, 1971.
139. Vo Nguyen Giap.and Van Tien Dung. How We Won the War. Philadelphia, PA: RECON Publications, 1976.
140. Volkman, Ernest.and Blaine Baggett. Secret Intelligence: The Inside Story of America's Espionage Empire. New York: Doubleday, 1989.
141. Wakin, Malham M. The Viet Cong Infrastructure: Modus Operandi of Selected Political Cadre. Saigon: Unknown, 1968. Part of the Air Force Academy Special Collection, Air Force Academy Library, CO. Call Number DS557.H6 W14.
142. Weigley, Russell F. The American Way of War: A History of United States Military Strategy and Policy. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 1973.
143. West, Rebecca. Black Lamb and Grey Falcon: A Journey through Yugoslavia. New York: Penguin Books, 1994.
144. Westmoreland, William C.. General, USA (Ret). A Soldier Reports. Paperback edn. New York: Da Capo Press, 1980.
145. Westmoreland, William C.(MACV/Commander). Message to Commander in Chief, Pacific Command. 14 June 1967. Maintained at Texas Tech University, Vietnam Archives, Lubbock, TX in Pike Collection, Unit 8, Box 20, Folder 3.
146. Westmoreland, William C. (MACV/Commander). Message to Commander in Chief, Pacific Command. 29 June 1967. Maintained at Texas Tech University, Vietnam Archives, Lubbock, TX in Pike Collection, Unit 8, Box 20, Folder 3.
147. Westmoreland, William C.(MACV/Commander on vacation in Philippines). Message to Chairman, Joint Chiefs of Staff. 20 August 1967. Maintained at Texas Tech University, Vietnam Archives, Lubbock, TX in Pike Collection, Unit 8, Box 20, Folder 3.
148. Westmoreland, William C. (MACV/Commander). Message to Chairman, Joint Chiefs of Staff. 14 September 1967. Maintained at Texas Tech University, Vietnam Archives, Lubbock, TX in Westmoreland vs. CBS Collection, Box 1, Folder 31.
149. White, Theodore H. The Making of the President 1968. New York: Anthenaeum Publishers, 1969.
150. Wirtz, James J. The Tet Offensive: Intelligence Failure in War. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1991.
151. Woodward, Bob. Plan of Attack. New York: Simon and Schuster, 2004.