Secondary traumatization among wives of war veterans with PTSD

Combat Stress Injury: Theory, Research, and Management

Volumn , Issue , 2006, Pages 137-157

  Dekel, Rachel ^a   Solomon, Zahava ^b  

^a BAR ILAN UNIVERSITY   (Israel)

^b TEL AVIV UNIVERSITY   (Israel)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84909224359     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.4324/9780203943694     Document Type: Chapter

References (81)

1. Azar, S. T. (2000). Preventing burnout in professionals and paraprofessionals who work with child abuse and neglect cases: A cognitive behavioral approach to supervision. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 56, 643-663.
2. Beckham, J. C., Lytle, B. L., & Feldman, M. E. (1996). Caregiver burden in partners of Vietnam War veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 64, 1068-1072.
3. Ben-Arzi, N., Solomon, Z., & Dekel, R. (2000). Secondary traumatization among wives of PTSD and post-concussion casualties: Distress, caregiver burden and psychological separation [Hebrew]. Society and Welfare, 20, 585-602.
4. Bleich, A., Solomon, Z., & Dekel, R. (1997). Evaluating Mental Disability Among Veterans with PTSD. Rehabilitation Wing, Israel Ministry of Defense.
5. Blos, P. (1979). The Adolescent Passage. New York: International Universities Press.
6. Boss, P. (1987). Family stress. In M. B. Sussman & S. K. Steinmetz (Eds.), Handbook of Marriage and the Family (pp.695-724). New York: Plenum Press.
7. Boss, P. (1999). Ambiguous Loss: Learning to Live with Unresolved Grief. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
8. Boss, P., Caron, W., Horbal, J., & Mortimer, J. (1990). Predictors of depression in caregivers of dementia patients: Boundary ambiguity and mastery. Family Process, 29, 245-254.
9. Bowen, M. (1978). Family Therapy in Clinical Practice. New York: Aronson.
10. Bramsen, I., Van der Ploeg, H. M., & Twisk, J. W. R. (2002). Secondary traumatization in Dutch couples of World War II survivors. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 70, 241-245.
11. Byrne, C. A., & Riggs, D. S. (1996). The cycle of trauma: Relationship aggression in male Vietnam veterans with symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder. Violence and Victims, 11, 213-225.
12. Calhoun, P. S., Beckham, J. C., & Bosworth, H. B. (2002). Caregiver burden and psychological distress in partners of veterans with chronic posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 15, 205-212.
13. Caron, W., Boss, P., & Mortimer, J. (1999). Family boundary ambiguity predicts Alzheimer's outcomes. Psychiatry: Interpersonal and Biological Processes, 62, 347-356.
14. Carroll, E. M., Rueger, D. B., Foy, D. W., & Donahoe, C. P. (1985). Vietnam combat veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder: Analysis of marital and cohabitating adjustment. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 94, 329-337.
15. Caserta, M. S., Lund, D. A., & Wright, S. D. (1996). Exploring the Caregiver Burden Inventory (CBI): Further evidence for a multidimensional view of burden. International Journal of Aging & Human Development, 43, 21-34.
16. Center for Policy Research. (1979). The Adjustment of Vietnam Veterans to Civilian Life. New York: Center for Policy Research.
17. Cohen, O. (2003). Israeli family. In J. Ponzetti (Ed.), International Encyclopedia of Marriage and Family (Vol. 2, pp.960-964). New York: Macmillan.
18. Cook, J. M., Riggs, D. S., Thompson, R., & Coyne, J. C. (2004). Posttraumatic stress disorder and current relationship functioning among World War 2 ex-prisoners of war. Journal of Family Psychology, 18, 36-45.
19. Coughlan, K., & Parkin, C. (1987). Women partners of Vietnam veterans. Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 25, 25-27.
20. Cowger, C. D. (1994). Assessing client strengths: Clinical assessment for client empowerment. Social Work, 39, 262-268.
21. Danieli, Y. (1986). In the treatment and prevention of long-term effects and intergenerational transmission of victimization: A lesson from Holocaust survivors and their children. In C. R. Figley (Ed.), Trauma and Its Wake (pp.309-313). New York: Basic Books.
22. Daniels, K. (2005). Intimate partner violence & depression: A deadly comorbidity. Journal of Psychosocial Nursing Mental Health Services, 43, 6-7.
23. Dekel, R., Goldblatt, H., Keidar, M., Solomon, Z., & Polliack, M. (2005a). Being a spouse of a PTSD veteran. Family Relations, 54, 24-36.
24. Dekel, R., & Solomon, Z. (2006). Secondary traumatization among wives of Israeli POWs: The role of POWs' distress. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 41, 27-33.
25. Dekel, R., Solomon, Z., & Bleich, A. (2005b). Emotional distress and marital adjustment of caregivers: Contribution of the care recipient's level of impairment and of the caregiver's appraised burden. Stress, Anxiety & Coping, 18, 71-82.
26. Denkers . A. J. M., & Winkel, F. W. (1995). Reactions to criminal victimization: A field study of the cognitive effects on victims and members of their social network. In D. Graham, S. Bostock, M. McMurran, & C. Wilson (Eds.), Psychology, Law, and Criminal Justice: International Developments in Research and Practice (pp.374-383). Oxford, U.K.: Walter De Gruyter.
27. Dinshtein, Y., Dekel, R., & Polliack, M. (2005). Secondary traumatization among children of war veterans: The role of the mother [Hebrew]. Bar Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel.
28. Dirkzwager, A. J., Bramsen, I., Ader, H., & Van Der Ploeg, H. M. (2005). Secondary traumatization in partners and parents of Dutch peacekeeping soldiers. Journal of Family Psychology, 19, 217-226.
29. Evans, L., Mchugh, T., Hopwood, M., & Watt, C. (2003). Chronic posttraumatic stress disorder and family functioning of Vietnam veterans and their partners. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 37, 765-772.
30. Fals-Stewart, W., & Kelly, M. (2005). When family members go to war-a systemic perspective on harm and healing: Comment on Dirkzwager, Bramsen, Ader, & Van der Ploeg (2005). Journal of Family Psychology, 19, 233-236.
31. Figley, C. R. (1983). Catastrophes: An overview of family reactions. In C. R. Figley & H. I. McCubbin (Eds.), Stress and the Family: Vol. II. Coping with Catastrophe (pp.3-20). Levit-town, PA: Brunner/Mazel.
32. Figley, C. R. (1989). Helping Traumatized Families. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
33. Figley, C. R. (1995). Compassion fatigue as secondary traumatic stress disorder: An overview. In C. R. Figley (Ed.) Compassion Fatigue: Coping with Secondary Traumatic Stress Disorder in Those Who Treat the Traumatized (pp.1-20). New York: Brunner/Mazel.
34. Figley, C. R. (1998). Burnout as systematic traumatic stress: A model for helping traumatized family members. In C. R. Figley (Ed.), Burnout in Families: The Systematic Costs of Caring (pp.15-28). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
35. Frederikson, L. G, Chamberlain, K., & Long, N. (1996). Unacknowledged casualties of the Vietnam War: Experiences of the partners of New Zealand veterans. Qualitative Health Research, 6, 49-70.
36. Galovski, T., & Lyons, J. (2004). Psychological sequelae of combat violence: A review of the impact of PTSD on the veteran's family and possible interventions. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 9, 477-501.
37. Gilbert, K. (1998). Understanding the secondary traumatic stress of spouses. In C. R. Figley (Ed.), Burnout in Families: The Systematic Costs of Caring (pp.47-74). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
38. Hankin, C. S., Abueg, F., Gallagher-Thompson, D., & Murphy, R. T. (1992, October). Caregiver stress: Conceptualizing adaptation of partners of posttraumatic stress disorder combat veterans. Paper presented at the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies, San Antonio, TX.
39. Hartsough, D. M., & Myers, D. G. (1985). Disaster Work and Mental Health: Prevention and Control of Stress Among Workers. Rockville, MD: National Institute of Mental Health.
40. Hatfield, A. H., & Lefley, H. P. (1987). Families of the Mentally ill. New York: Guilford Press.
41. Herman, J. (1992). Trauma and Recovery. New York: Basic Books.
42. Iliffe, G., & Steed, L. (2000). Exploring the counselor's experience of working with perpetrators and survivors of domestic violence. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 15, 393-412.
43. Janoff-Bulman, R. (1992). Shattered Assumptions. New York: The Free Press.
44. Jordan, B. K., Marmar, C. R., Fairbank, J. A., Schlenger, W. E., Kulka, R. A., Hough, R. L., et al. (1992). Problems in families of male Vietnam veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 60, 916-926.
45. Kaplan, L., & Boss, P. (1999). Depressive symptoms among spousal caregivers of institutionalized mates with Alzheimer's: Boundary ambiguity and mastery as predictors. Family Process, 38, 85-103.
46. Kotler, M., Cohen, H., Aizenberg, D., Matar, M., Loewenthal, U., Kaplan, Z., et al. (2000). Sexual dysfunction in male posttraumatic stress disorder patients. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 69, 309-315.
47. Krantz, S. E., & Moos, R. H. (1987). Functioning and life context among spouses of remitted and non remitted depressed patients. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 55, 353-360.
48. Kulka, R. A., Schlenger, W. E., Fairbank, J. A., Hough, R. L., Jordan, B. K., Marmar, C. R., et al. (1990). Trauma and the Vietnam War Generation: Report of Findings from the National Vietnam Veterans Readjustment Study. New York: Brunner/Mazel.
49. Letourneau, E. J., Schewe, P. A., & Frueh, C. B. (1997). Preliminary evaluation of sexual problems in combat veterans with PTSD. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 10, 125-132.
50. Lev-Wiesel, R., & Amir, M. (2001). Secondary traumatic stress, psychological distress, sharing of traumatic reminiscences, and marital quality among spouses of Holocaust child survivors. Journal of Marital Family Therapy, 27, 433-444.
51. Lezak, M. (1986). Psychological implications of traumatic brain damage for the patients' family. Rehabilitation Psychology, 31, 241-250.
52. Litz, B. (1992). Emotional numbing in combat-related post-traumatic stress disorder: A critical review and reformulation. Clinical Psychology Review, 12, 417-432.
53. Lyons, J. A. & Root, L. P. (2001). Family members of the PTSD veteran: Treatment needs and barriers. National Center for Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Clinical Quarterly, 10, 48-52.
54. Magwaza, A. S. (1999). Assumptive world of traumatized South African adults. Journal of Social Psychology, 139, 622-630.
55. Mahler, M. S., Pipe, F., & Bergman, A. (1975). The Psychological Birth of the Human Infant: Symbiosis and Individuation. New York: Basic Books.
56. Maloney, L. J. (1988). Posttraumatic stresses of women partners of Vietnam veterans. Smith College Studies in Social Work, 58, 122-143.
57. Mason, P. H. C. (1990). Recovering from the War: A Guide for All Veterans, Family Members, Friends and Therapists. High Springs, FL: Patience Press.
58. Matsakis, A. (1988). Vietnam Wives. Washington, D. C: Woodbine House.
59. McCann, I. L., & Pearlman, L. A. (1989). Vicarious traumatization: A framework for understanding the psychological effects of working with victims. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 3, 131-149.
60. McCann, I. L., & Pearlman, L. A. (1990). Psychological Trauma and the Adult Survivor: Theory, Therapy and Transformation. New York: Brunner/Mazel.
61. Merikanages, K. R., Bromet, E. J., & Spiker, D. G. (1983). Assortative mating, social adjustment and course of illness in primary affective disorder. Archives of General Psychiatry, 40, 795-880.
62. Mikulincer, M., Florian, V., & Solomon, Z. (1995). Marital intimacy, family support, and secondary traumatization: A study of wives of veterans with combat stress reaction. Anxiety, Stress, and Coping, 8, 203-213.
63. North, C. S., Tivis, L., McMillen, C., Pfefferbaum, B., Cox, J., Spitznagel, E., et al. (2002). Coping, functioning and adjustment of rescue workers after the Oklahoma City bombing. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 15, 171-175.
64. Novak, M., & Guest, C. (1989). Application of multidimensional caregiver burden inventory. Journal of Gerontology, 29, 798-803.
65. Remer, R., & Ferguson, R. A. (1998). Treating traumatized partners: Producing secondary survivors of PTSD. In C. R. Figley (Ed)., Burnout in Families: The Systemic Costs of Caring (pp.139-170). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
66. Riggs, D. S. (2000). Marital and family therapy. In E. Foa & T. Keane (Eds.), Effective Treatments for PTSD (pp.280-301). New York: Guilford Press.
67. Riggs, D. S., Byrne, C. A., Weathers, F. W., & Litz, B. T. (1998). The quality of the intimate relationships of male Vietnam veterans: Problems associated with posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 11, 87-101.
68. Rosenheck, R., & Nathan, P. (1985). Secondary traumatization in the children of Vietnam veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder. Hospital and Community Psychiatry, 36, 538-539.
69. Rosenheck, R., & Thomson, J. (1986). "Detoxification" of Vietnam War trauma: A combined family-individual approach. Family Process, 25, 559-570.
70. Schauben, L. J., & Frazier, P. A. (1995). Vicarious trauma: The effects on female counselors of working with sexual violence survivors. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 19, 49-64.
71. Solomon, Z. (1993). Combat Stress Reaction: The Enduring Toll of War. New York: Plenum Press.
72. Solomon, Z., Waysman, M., Avitzur, E., & Enoch, D. (1991). Psychiatric symptomatology among wives of soldiers following combat stress reaction: The role of the social network and marital relations. Anxiety Research, 4, 213-223.
73. Solomon, Z., Waysman, M., Belkin, R., Levi, G., Mikulincer, M., & Enoch, D. (1992a). Marital relation and combat stress reaction: The wives' perspective. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 54, 316-326.
74. Solomon, Z., Waysman, M., Levy, G., Fried, B., Mikulincer, M., Benbenishty, R., et al. (1992b). From front line to home front: A study of secondary traumatization. Family Process, 31, 289-302.
75. Tedeschi, R. G., & Calhoun, L. G. (1996). The posttraumatic growth inventory: Measuring the positive legacy of trauma. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 9, 455-471.
76. Tubbs, C. Y., & Boss, P. (2000). An essay for practitioners dealing with ambiguous loss. Family Relations, 49, 285-286.
77. Waysman, M., Mikulincer, M., Solomon, Z., & Weisenberg, M. (1993). Secondary traumatization among wives of posttraumatic combat veterans: A family typology. Journal of Family Psychology, 7, 104-118.
78. Williams, C. M. (1980). The "veteran system"-with a focus on woman partners: Theoretical considerations, problems and treatment strategies. In T. Williams (Ed.), Post Traumatic Stress Disorders of Vietnam Veterans (pp.73-124). Cincinnati: Disabled American Veterans.
79. Wilson, J. P., & Kurtz, R. R. (1997). Assessing posttraumatic stress disorder in couples and families. In J. P. Wilson & R. R. Kurtz (Eds.), Assessing Psychological Trauma and PTSD (pp.349-372). New York: Guilford Press.
80. Woods, S. J. (2005). Intimate partner violence and post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms in women: What we know and need to know. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 20, 394-402.
81. Zarit, S. H., Todd, P. A., & Zarit, J. M. (1986). Subjective burden of husbands and wives as caregivers: A longitudinal study. Gerontologist, 26, 260-266.