Timing of "perception" and perception of "time"

Psychophysics Beyond Sensation: Laws and Invariants of Human Cognition

Volumn , Issue , 2003, Pages 245-269

  Neumann, Odmar ^a   Niepel, Michael ^a  

^a BIELEFELD UNIVERSITY   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84909151951     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.4324/9781410610744     Document Type: Chapter

References (115)

1. Angel, A. (1973). Input-output relations in simple reaction time experiments. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 25, 193-200.
2. Ansorge, U., Klotz, W., & Neumann, O. (1998). Manual and verbal responses to completely masked (unreportable) stimuli: Exploring some conditions for the metacontrast dissociation. Perception, 27, 1177-1189.
3. Ansorge, U, & Neumann, O. (under revision). Intentions determine the effect of metacontrast-masked primes: A test of direct parameter specification in a peripheral cueing task. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance.
4. Arden, G.B., & Weale, R.A. (1954). Variations of the latent period of vision. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series B: Biological Sciences, 142, 258-267.
5. Berger, G.O. (1886). Über den Einfluß der Reizstärke auf die Dauer einfacher psychischer Vorgänge mit besonderer Rücksicht auf Lichtreize [On the influence of stimulus intensity on the duration of simple mental processes with a special consideration of light stimuli]. Philosophische Studien, 3, 38-93.
6. Bernstein, I.H., Amundson, V.E., & Schurman, D.L. (1973). Metacontrast inferred from reaction time and verbal report: Replication and comment on the Fehrer-Biederman experiment. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 100, 195-201.
7. Bernstein, I.H., Chu, P.K., Briggs, P., & Schurman, D.L. (1973). Stimulus intensity and foreperiod effects in intersensory facilitation. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 25, 171-181.
8. Bridgeman, B., Kirch, M., & Sperling, A. (1981). Segregation of cognitive and motor aspects of visual function using induced motion. Perception & Psychophysics, 29, 336-342.
9. Burkhardt, D.A., Gottesman, J., & Keenan, R.M. (1987). Sensory latency and reaction time: Dependence on contrast polarity and early linearity in human vision. Journal of the Optical Society of America, A4, 530-539.
10. Cairney, P.T. (1975). Bisensory order judgement and the prior entry hypothesis. Acta Psychologica, 39, 329-340.
11. Carbone, E. (2001). Die Rolle von Aufrnerksamkeitsprozessen bei der Fehlwahrnehmung dynamischer Reize, Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Bielefeld. (Accessible at Elena.carbone@uni-bielefeld.de).
12. Carbone E., Niepel, M., & Neumann, O. (2003). Producing short intervals: Temporal limits of direct parameter specification in an unspeeded task. Manuscript submitted for publication.
13. Cattell, J.M. (1886). The influence of the intensity of the stimulus on the length of the reaction time. Brain, 5, 512-515.
14. Chocholle, R. (1940-1941). Variation de temps de reaction auditifs en fonction de l'intensité de diverses fréquences [Variation of auditory reaction time as a function of the intensity of different frequencies]. Année Psychologique, 41/42, 65-124.
15. Dennett, D.C. (1991). Consciousness explained. Boston: Little, Brown.
16. Efron, R. (1963). The effect of stimulus intensity on the perception of simultaneity in right-and lefthanded subjects. Brain, 86, 285-294.
17. Eimer, M, & Schlaghecken, F. (1998). Effects of masked stimuli on motor activation: Behavioral and electrophysiological evidence. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 24, 1737-1747.
18. Eimer, M., & Schlaghecken, F. (2001). Response facilitation and inhibition in manual, vocal, and oculomotor performance: Evidence for a modality-unspecific mechanism. Journal of Motor Behavior, 33, 16-26.
19. Elliott, R. (1968). Simple visual and simple auditory reaction time: A comparison. Psychonomic Science, 10, 335-336.
20. Exner, S. (1868). Über die zu einer Gesichtswahrnehmung nöthige Zeit [On the time necessary for a visual perception]. Sitzungsberichte der kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Wien, Mathematisch-naturwissenschaftliche Classe, 58 (2), 601-632.
21. Exner, S. (1873). Experimentelle Untersuchung der einfachsten psychischen Prozesse. I. Abhandlung. Die persönliche Gleichung [Experimental examination of the most simple psychological processes. I. Treatise. The personal equation]. Pflüger's Archiv für die gesamte Physiologie der Menschen und der Thiere, 7, 601-660.
22. Exner, S. (1875). Experimentelle Untersuchung der einfachsten psychischen Prozesse. III. Abhandlung. Der persönlichen Gleichung zweiter Teil [Experimental examination of the most simple psychological processes. III. Treatise. Second part of the personal equation]. Pflüger's Archiv für die gesamte Physiologie der Menschen und der Thiere, 11, 403-432.
23. Fehrer, E., & Raab, D. (1962). Reaction time to stimuli masked by metacontrast. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 63, 143-147.
24. Finney, D.J. (1971). Probit analysis (3rd ed.). Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
25. Frey, R.D. (1990). Selective attention, event perception and the criterion of acceptability principle: Evidence supporting and rejecting the doctrine of prior entry. Human Movement Science, 9, 481-530.
26. Fröhlich, F.W. (1929). Die Empfindungszeit. Ein Beitrag zur Lehre von der Zeit- Raum- und Bewegungsempfindung [Sensation time. A contribution to the doctrine of the sensation of time, space, and motion]. Jena, Germany: Fischer.
27. Geissler, H.-G. (1985). Zeitquantenhypothese zur Struktur ultraschneller Gedächtnisprozesse [A time quanta hypothesis about the structure of ultra fast memory processes]. Zeitschrift für Psychologie, 193, 347-362.
28. Geissler H.-G. (1990). Foundation of quantized processing, In H.-G. Geissler, M.H. Müller, & W. Prinz (Eds.), Psychophysical explorations of mental structures (pp. 303-310). Göttingen, Germany: Hogrefe.
29. Gengel, R.W., & Hirsh, I.J. (1970). Temporal order: The effect of single versus repeated presentations, practice, and verbal feedback. Perception & Psychophysics, 7, 209-211.
30. Gibbon, J., & Rutschmann, R. (1969). Temporal order judgment and reaction time. Science, 165, 413-415.
31. Goodale, M.A., & Milner, A.D. (1992). Separate visual pathways for perception and action. Trends in Neurosciences, 15, 20-25.
32. Hamlin, A.J. (1895). On the least observable interval between stimuli addressed to disparate senses and to different organs of the same sense. American Journal of Psychology, 6, 564-573.
33. Hazelhoff, F. E, & Wiersma, H. (1924). Die Wahrnehmungszeit I [Perception time I]. Zeitschrift für Psychologie und Physiologie der Sinnesorgane, 96, 171-188.
34. Hess, C. (1904). Untersuchungen über den Erregungsvorgang im Sehorgan bei kurzund bei längerdauernder Reizung [Examinations of the process of excitation in the visual organ during short and longer lasting stimulation]. Pfliiger's Archiv für die gesamte Physiologie der Menschen und der Thiere, 101, 226-262.
35. Hirsch, A. (1861-1864). Experiences chronoscopiques sur la vitesse des différentes sensations et de la transmission nerveuse [Chronoscopic examinations of the velocity of different sensations and nervous transmission]. Bulletin de la Societedés Sciences Naturelles, 6, 100-114 (as cited in Exner, 1875, and Woodworth & Schlosberg, 1954).
36. Hirsch, A. (1863). Chronoskopische Untersuchungen über die Geschwindigkeit der verschiedenen Sinneseindrücke und der Nervenleitung [Chronoscopic examinations of the velocity of different sensations and nervous transmission]. Moleschotts Untersuchungen, 9, 182 (as cited in Fröhlich, 1929).
37. Hirsh, I.J., & Fraisse, P. (1964). Simultanéité et succession de stimuli hétérogènes [Simultaneity and succession of heterogeneous stimuli]. Année Psychologique, 64, 1-19.
38. Hirsh, I.J., & Sherrick, C.E. (1961). Perceived order in different sense modalities. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 62, 423-432.
39. Hull, C.L. (1949). Stimulus intensity dynamism (V) and stimulus generalization. Psychological Review, 56, 67-76.
40. Jaskowski, P. (1993). Selective attention and temporal-order judgment. Perception, 22, 681-689.
41. Jaskowski, P. (1996). Simple reaction time and perception of temporal order: Dissociations and hypotheses. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 82, 707-730.
42. Jaskowski, P. (1999). Reaction time and temporal order judgment as measures of perceptual latency: The problem of dissociations, In G. Aschersleben, T. Bachmann, & J. Müsseler (Eds.), Cognitive contributions to the perception of spatial and temporal events (pp. 265-282). Amsterdam: Elsevier.
43. Jaskowski, P, Jaroszyk, F., & Hojan-Jezierska, D. (1990). Temporal-order judgments and reaction time for stimuli of different modalities. Psychological Research, 52, 35-38.
44. Jaskowski, P, Rybarcyk, R., & Jaroszyk, F. (1994). On the relationship between latency of auditory evoked potentials, simple reaction time and stimulus intensity. Psychological Research, 56, 59-65.
45. Jaskowski, P, Verleger, R., & Wascher, E. (1994). Response force and reaction time in a simple reaction task under time pressure. Zeitschrift für Psychologie, 202, 405-413.
46. Klotz, W., & Neumann, O. (1999). Motor activation without conscious discrimination in metacontrast masking. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 25, 976-992.
47. Klotz, W., & Wolff, P. (1995). The effect of a masked stimulus on the response to the masking stimulus. Psychological Research, 58, 92-101.
48. Kohfeld, D. (1971). Simple reaction time as a function of stimulus intensity in decibels of light and sound. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 88, 251-257.
49. Lange, L. (1888). Neue Experimente über den Vorgang der einfachen Reaction auf Sinneseindrücke [New experiments on the process of simple reaction to sense impressions], Philosophische Studien, 4, 479-510.
50. Leuthold, H., & Kopp, B. (1998). Mechanisms of priming by masked stimuli: Inferences from eventrelated brain potentials. Psychological Science, 9, 263-269.
51. Lewis, J.H., Dunlap, W. P, & Matteson, H.H. (1972). Perceptual latency as a function of stimulus onset and offset and retinal location. Vision Research, 12, 1725-1731.
52. Mansfield, R.J.W. (1973). Latency functions in human vision. Vision Research, 13, 2219-2234.
53. Massaro, D.W. (1990). An information processing analysis of perception and action, In O. Neumann & W. Prinz (Eds.), Relationships between perception and action: Current approaches (pp. 133-166). New York: Springer.
54. McGill, W.J. (1961). Loudness and reaction time. Acta Psychologica, 19, 193-199.
55. Milner, A.D., & Goodale, M.A. (1995). The visual brain in action. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press.
56. Minnemann, C. (1911). Untersuchungen über die Differenz der Wahrnehmungsgeschwindigkeiten von Lichtund Schallreizen. [Experiments on the difference of perceptual latencies for light and sound stimuli]. Archiv für die gesamte Psychologie, 20, 227-259.
57. Münsterberg, H. (1889). Beiträge zur experimentellen Psychologie. Heft 1: Über willkürliche und unwillkürliche Vorstellungsverbindungen [Contributions to experimental psychology. Vol. 1: On voluntary and involuntary associations between ideas]. Freiburg, Germany: Mohr. (Reprinted from Hugo Münsterberg. Frühe Schriften, H. Hildebrandt & E. Scheerer, Eds., 1990, Berlin: Deutscher Verlag der Wissenschaften).
58. Müsseler, J. (1999). How independent from action control is perception? An event-coding account for more equally-ranked crosstalks, In G. Aschersleben, T. Bachmann, & J. Müsseler (Eds.), Cognitive contributions to the perception of spatial and temporal events (pp. 265-282). Amsterdam: Elsevier.
59. Neumann, O. (1982). Experimente zum Fehrer-Raab-Effekt und das 'Wetterwart'-Modell der visuellen Maskierung [Experiments on the Fehrer-Raab effect and the weather station model of visual masking] (Bericht Nr. 24/1982). Bochum, Germany: Arbeitseinheit Kognitionspsychologie, Psycholo-gisches Institut der Ruhr-Universität Bochum.
60. Neumann, O. (1989). Kognitive Vermittlung und direkte Parameterspezifikation. Zum Problem mentaler Repräsentation in der Wahrnehmung [Cognitive mediation and direct parameter specification. On the problem of mental representation in perception]. Sprache und Kognition, 8, 32-49.
61. Neumann, O. (1990). Direct parameter specification and the concept of perception. Psychological Research, 52, 207-215.
62. Neumann, O., Ansorge, U., & Klotz, W. (1998). Funktionsdifferenzierung im visuellen Kortex: Grund-lage für motorische Aktivierung durch nicht bewußt wahrgenommene Reize? [Functional differentiation in the visual cortex: Basis for motor activation by not consciously perceived stimuli?]. Psychologische Rundschau, 49, 185-196.
63. Neumann, O., & Esselmann, U. (1992). Visual attention, response latency, and temporal order judgment. International Journal of Psychology, 27, 13.
64. Neumann, O., Esselmann, U., & Klotz, W. (1993). Differential effects of visual-spatial attention on response latency and temporal order judgment. Psychological Research, 56, 26-34.
65. Neumann, O., & Klotz, W. (1994). Motor responses to nonreportable, masked stimuli: Where is the limit of direct parameter specification? In C. Umiltà & M. Moscovitch (Eds.), Attention and performance XV Conscious and nonconscious information processing (pp. 123-150). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
66. Neumann, O., Koch, R., Niepel, M., & Tappe, T. (1992). Reaktionszeit und zeitliches Reihenfolgeurteil: Übereinstimmung oder Dissoziation? [Reaction time and temporal order judgment: Correspondence or dissociation?]. Zeitschrift für Experimentelle und Angewandte Psychologie, 39, 621-645.
67. Neumann, O., & Müsseler, J. (1990). "Judgment" vs. "response": A general problem and some experimental illustrations, In H.-G. Geissler, M.H. Müller, & W. Prinz (Eds.), Psychophysical explorations of mental structures (pp. 445-455). Göttingen, Germany: Hogrefe.
68. Neumann, O., & Niepel, M. (2002). A dissociation between temporal order judgment and reaction time: Evidence for direct parameter specification. Manuscript submitted for publication.
69. Neumann, O., & Prinz, W. (1987). Kognitive Antezedenzien von Willkürhandlungen [Cognitive antecedents of voluntary actions], In H. Heckhausen, P.M. Gollwitzer, & F.E. Weinert (Eds.), Jenseits des Rubikon: Der Wille in den Humanwissenschaften [Beyond the Rubicon: The will in the humanities] (pp. 195-215). New York: Springer.
70. Neumann, O., van der Heijden, A.H. C, & Allport, D.A. (1986). Visual selective attention: Introductory remarks. Psychological Research, 48, 185-188.
71. Niemi, P, & Lehtonen, E. (1982). Foreperiod and visual stimulus intensity: A reappraisal. Acta Psy-chologica, 50, 73-82.
72. Niemi, P, & Näätänen, R. (1981). Foreperiod duration and simple reaction time. Psychological Bulletin, 89, 133-160.
73. Nissen, M.J. (1977). Stimulus intensity and information processing. Perception & Psychophysics, 22, 338-352.
74. Peters, W. (1905). Aufmerksamkeit und Zeitverschiebung in der Auffassung disparater Sinnesreize [Attention and time shift in the perception of disparate sensory stimuli]. Zeitschrift für Psychologie und Physiologie der Sinnesorgane, 39, 401-428.
75. Piéron, H. (1920). Nouvelles recherches sur l'analyse du temps de latence sensorielle et sur la loi qui relie ce temps à l'intensité de l'excitation [New research on the analysis of sensory latency and about the law that relates this latency to the intensity of excitation]. Année Psychologique, 22, 58-142.
76. Piéron, H. (1925). Recherches expérimentales sur la marge de variation du temps de latence de la sensation lumineuse (par une méthode de masquage) [Experimental research on the amount of variation of the latency of light sensations (by a method of masking)]. Année Psychologique, 26, 1-30.
77. Piéron, H. (1927). L'influence de l'intensité sur le temps de reaction a la cessation d'un stimulus lumineux [The influence of intensity on reaction time to the cessation of a light stimulus]. Compte Rendu de la Societé de Biologie, 97, 1147-1149.
78. Prestrude, A.M., & Baker, H.D. (1968). New method of measuring visual-perceptual latency differences. Perception & Psychophysics, 4, 152-154.
79. Prinz, W. (1990). A common coding approach to perception and action, In O. Neumann & W. Prinz (Eds.), Relationships between perception and action: Current approaches (pp. 167-201). Berlin: Springer.
80. Prinz, W. (1992). Why don't we perceive our brain states? European Journal of Cognitive Psychology, 4, 1-20.
81. Prinz, W. (1997). Perception and action planning. European Journal of Cognitive Psychology, 9, 129-154.
82. Pulfrich, C. (1922). Die Stereoskopie im Dienste der isochromen und heterochromen Photometrie [Stereoscopy in the service of isochromical and heterochromical photometry]. Die Naturwis-senschaften, 10, 553-564, 569-574, 714-722, 735-743, 751-761.
83. Roufs, J.A.J. (1963). Perception lag as a function of stimulus luminance. Vision Research, 3, 545-558.
84. Roufs, J.A.J. (1974). Dynamic properties of vision-V. Perception lag and reaction time in relation to flicker and flash thresholds. Vision Research, 14, 853-869.
85. Rutschmann, J., & Link, R. (1964). Perception of temporal order of stimuli differing in sense mode and simple reaction time. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 18, 345-352.
86. Rutschmann, R. (1973). Visual perception of temporal order, In S. Kornblum (Ed.), Attention and performance IV (pp. 687-701). New York: Academic Press.
87. Sanders, A.F. (1977). Structural and functional aspects of the reaction process, In S. Dornic (Ed.), Attention and performance VI (pp. 3-25). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
88. Sanders, A.F. (1980). Stage analysis of reaction time, In G.E. Stelmach & J. Requin (Eds.), Tutorials in motor behavior (pp. 331-354). Amsterdam: North-Holland.
89. Sanders, A.F. (1983). Towards a model of stress and human performance. Acta Psychologica, 53, 61-67.
90. Sanders, A.F. (1990). Issues and trends in the debate on discrete vs. continuous processing of information. Acta Psychologica, 74, 123-167.
91. Schacter, D.L. (1987). Implicit memory: History and current status. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and Memory, 13, 501-518.
92. Scharlau, I., Ansorge, U., & Neumann, O. (in press). Reaktionszeitmessung: Grundlagen und Anwendungen. [Reaction time measurement. Foundations and applications], In G. Rickheit, T. Herrmann, & W. Deutsch (Eds.), Psycholinguistik (pp. 190-202). Berlin: de Gruyter.
93. Scharlau, I, & Neumann, O. (in press). Perceptual latency priming by masked and unmasked stimuli: Evidence for an attentional explanation. Psychological Research.
94. Schlaghecken, F., & Eimer, M. (1997). The influence of subliminally presented primes on response preparation. Sprache und Kognition, 16, 166-175.
95. Schlaghecken, F., & Eimer, M. (2001). Partial response activation to masked primes is not dependent on response readiness. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 92, 208-222.
96. Schlaghecken, F., & Eimer, M. (in press). Motor activation with and without inhibition: Evidence for a threshold mechanism in motor control. Perception & Psychophysics.
97. Smith, W.F. (1933). The relative quickness of visual and auditory perception. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 16, 239-270.
98. Steglich, C., & Neumann, O. (2000). Temporal, but not spatial, context modulates a masked prime's effect on temporal order judgment, but not on response latency. Psychological Research, 63, 36-47.
99. Sternberg, S. (1969). The discovery of processing stages: Extension of Donders' method. Acta Psy-chologica, 30, 276-315.
100. Sternberg, S., & Knoll, R.L. (1973). The perception of temporal order: Fundamental issues and a general model, In S. Kornblum (Ed.), Attention and performance IV (pp. 692-785). New York: Academic Press.
101. Stevens, S.S. (1955). Decibels of light and sound. Physics Today, 8 (10), 12-17.
102. Sticht, T.G. (1969). Effects of intensity and duration on the latency of response to brief light and dark stimuli. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 80, 419-422.
103. Stroud, J.M. (1955). The fine structure of psychological time, In H. Quastler (Ed.), Information theory in psychology (pp. 174-207). Glencoe, IL: The Free Press.
104. Szili, A. (1892). Zur Erklärung der "flatternden Herzen" [On the explanation of "fluttering hearts"]. Zeitschrift für Psychologie und Physiologie der Sinnesorgane, 3, 359-387.
105. Tappe, T., Niepel, M., & Neumann, O. (1994). A dissociation between reaction time to sinusoidal gratings and temporal-order judgment. Perception, 23, 335-347.
106. Teichner, W.H., & Krebs, M.J. (1972). Laws of the simple visual reaction time. Psychological Review, 79, 344-358.
107. Titchener, E.B. (1908). Lectures on the elementary psychology of feeling and attention. New York: Macmillan.
108. Trincker, D. (1977). Taschenbuch der Physiologie [Manual of physiology] (Vol. III/2). Stuttgart: Gustav Fischer.
109. Ueno, T. (1977). Reaction time as a measure of temporal summation at suprathreshold levels. Vision Research, 17, 227-232.
110. Ulrich, R., & Stapf, K.H. (1984). A double-reponse paradigm to study stimulus intensity effects upon the motor system in simple reaction time experiments. Perception & Psychophysics, 36, 545-558.
111. Vanderhaeghen, C., & Bertelson, P. (1974). The limits of prior entry: Nonsensitivity of temporal order judgments to selective preparation affecting choice reaction time. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society, 4, 569-572.
112. Vaughan, H.G., Costa, L.D., & Gilden, L. (1966). The functional relation of visual evoked response and reaction time to stimulus intensity. Vision Research, 6, 645-656.
113. Whipple, G.M. (1899). On nearly simultaneous clicks and flashes. American Journal of Psychology, 10, 880-886.
114. Woodworth, R.S., & Schlosberg, H. (1954). Experimental psychology. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston.
115. Wundt, W. (1903). Gmndzüge der physiologischen Psychologie [Outlines of physiological psychology] (5th ed.). Leipzig, Germany: Engelmann.