Himalayan Perceptions: Environmental change and the well-being of mountain peoples

Himalayan Perceptions: Environmental Change and the Well-Being of Mountain Peoples

Volumn , Issue , 2004, Pages 1-271

  Ives, Jack D ^a,b  

^a UNITED NATIONS UNIVERSITY   (Japan)

^b CARLETON UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84909093023     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.4324/9780203597569     Document Type: Book

References (448)

1. Adhikari, J. (1996) The Beginnings of Agrarian Change: A Case Study in Central Nepal, Kathmandu: TM Publications.
2. Ahmad, M. (ed.) (1989) Floods in Bangladesh, Dhaka: Community Development Library.
3. Ahmed, I., Dixit, A. and Nandy, A. (1999) 'Water, power and people: a South Asian manifesto on the politics and knowledge of water', Water Nepal, 7 (1): 113-21.
4. Ahmed, S. and Sahni, V. (1998) 'Frozen frontline', Himal, 11/12 December: 13-21.
5. Alford, D. (1992a) 'Streamflow and sediment transport from the mountain watersheds of the Chao Phraya basin, northern Thailand: a reconnaissance study', Mountain Research and Development, 12(3): 257-68.
6. Alford, D (1992b) Hydrological Aspects of the Himalayan Region, Kathmandu, ICIMOD, Occasional Paper No. 18.
7. Alford, D. and Schuster, R.L. (eds) (2000) Usoi Landslide Dam and Lake Sarez: An assessment of hazard and risk in the Pamir Mountains, Tajikistan, New York and Geneva: United Nations.
8. Alford, D., Cunha, S.F. and Ives, J.D. (2000) 'Lake Sarez, Pamir Mountains, Tajikistan: mountain hazards and development assistance', Mountain Research and Development, 20(1): 20-3.
9. Ali, A. (2002) 'A Siachen Peace Park: The solution to a half-century of international conflict?', Mountain Research and Development, 22(4): 316-19.
10. Allan, N.J.R. (1987) 'Impact of Afghan refugees on the vegetation resources of Pakistan's Hindu Kush', Mountain Research and Development, 7(3): 200-4.
11. Aris, M. (1979) Bhutan: The Early History of a Himalayan Kingdom, Warminster, England: Aris and Phillips.
12. Asian Development Bank (1982) Nepal Agricultural Sector Strategy Study, 2 vols, Kathmandu: Asian Development Bank.
13. Awasthi, K.D., Sitaula, B.K., Singh, B.R. and Bajracharaya, R.M. (2002) 'Land-use change in two Nepalese watersheds: GIS and geomorphometric analysis', Land Degradation and Development, 13(6): 495-513.
14. Azhar-Hewitt, F. (1998) 'All paths lead to the spring: conviviality, the code of honour, and capitalism in a Karakorum village, Pakistan', Mountain Research and Development, 18(3): 265-72.
15. Azhar-Hewitt, F. (1999) 'Women of the high pastures and the global economy: reflections on the impacts of modernization in the Hushe Valley of the Karakorum, northern Pakistan', Mountain Research and Development, 19(2): 141-51.
16. Badenkov, Y.P. (1992) 'Mountains of the former Soviet Union: value, diversity, uncertainty', in P.D. Stone (ed.), The State of the World's Mountains: A Global Report, London and New Jersey: Zed Books, pp. 257-99.
17. Badenkov, Y.P. (1997) 'Violent conflicts in the mountains of the former Soviet Union', in B. Messerli and J.D. Ives (eds) Mountains of the World: A Global Priority, London and New York: Parthenon, pp. 113-14.
18. Ives (eds) (1998) 'Mountain Tajikistan: a model of conflictory development', in I. Stellrecht (ed.) Karakorum - Hindukush - Himalaya: Dynamics of Change, Köln: Rüdiger Köppe Verlag, Part II: 187-206.
19. Bahadur, J. (2003) Indian Himalayas: An integrated view, New Delhi, C-24 Qutab Institutional Area: Virgin Prasar.
20. Bajracharya, D. (1983) 'Fuel, food, or forest? Dilemmas in a Nepali village', World Development, 11(12): 1057-74.
21. Bandyopadhyay, J., Jayal, N.D., Schoettli, U. and Singh, C. (1985) India's Environment, Crises and Responses, Dehra Dun, U.P., India: Natraj Publishers.
22. Bansal, R.C. and Mathur, H.N. (1976) 'Landslides - the nightmare of hill roads', Soil Conservancy Digest, 4(1): 76-7.
23. Banskota, M., Papola, T.S. and Richter, J. (eds) (2000) Growth, Poverty Alleviation and Sustainable Resource Management in the Mountain Areas of South Asia, Feldafing, Gemany: Deutsche Stiftung für internationale Entwicklung.
24. Barry, R.G. (1992) Mountain Weather and Climate, London and New York: Routledge.
25. Barsch, D. and Caine, N. (1984) 'The nature of mountain geomorphology', Mountain Research and Development, 4(4): 287-98.
26. Bartarya, S.K. and Valdiya, K.S. (1989) 'Landslides and erosion in the catchment of the Gaula River, Kumaun Lesser Himalaya, India', Mountain Research and Development, 9(4): 405-19.
27. Begley, S., Moreau, R. and Mazumdar, S. (1987) Newsweek, 9 November, 1987.
28. Benn, D.I. and Evans, D.J.A. (1998) Glaciers and Glaciation, London and New York: Arnold/Wiley.
29. Berkes, F., Davidson-Hunt, I. and Davidson-Hunt, K. (1998) 'Diversity of common property resource use and diversity of social interests in the western Indian Himalaya', Mountain Research and Development, 18(1): 19-33.
30. Bhutan, National Planning Commission (1992) Bhutan: Towards Sustainable Development in a Unique Environment, Official country report presented to the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, Rio de Janeiro, Thimphu: National Environmental Secretariat.
31. Bilham, R. (2003) 'Earthquakes in India and the Himalaya: tectonics, geodesy and history', Annals of Geophysics, Special issue: proceedings of a workshop - Investigating Past Records of Earthquakes (Erice, Sicily, July 2002), in press.
32. Bishop. B.C. (1978) 'The changing geoecology of Karnali Zone, western Nepal Himalaya: a case of stress', Arctic and Alpine Research, 10(2): 531-43.
33. Bishop. B.C. (1990) Karnali Under Stress: Livelihood Strategies and Seasonal Rhythms in a Changing Nepal Himalaya, Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
34. Bjønness, I.-M. (1980) 'Animal husbandry and grazing, a conservation and management problem in Sagarmatha (Mt Everest) National Park, Nepal', Norsk Geografisk Tidsskrift, 34: 59-76.
35. Bjønness, I.-M. (1983) 'Kulekhani Hydro-Electric Project: Research working paper No. 3: Socio-economic analysis of the effects from the Kulekhani Hydro-Electric Project, Nepal', Oslo: University of Oslo, Department of Geography.
36. Bjønness, I.-M. (1984) 'Kulekhani Hydro-Electric Project: Research working paper No.4: Strategies for survival - subsistence agriculture versus work at the Kulekhani Hydro-Electric Project, Nepal', Oslo: University of Oslo, Department of Geography.
37. Blaikie, P. (1995) 'Environmental management in the farming community' in R.A.M. Gardner and A. Jenkins (eds), Land Use, Soil Conservation and Water Resource Management in the Nepal Middle Hills,' unpublished report, UK Overseas Development Administration, 7.1-7.14.
38. Blaikie, P. (2000) 'Development post-, anti- and populist: A critical review', Environment and Planning, A 32: 1033-50.
39. Blaikie, P. and Coppard, D. (1998) 'Environmental change and livelihood diversification in Nepal: where is the problem?, Himalayan Research Bulletin, 18 (2): 28-39.
40. Blaikie, P.M. and Sadeque, S.Z. (2000) Policy in High Places: Environment and Development in the Himalayan Region, Kathamndu, Nepal: ICIMOD.
41. Blaikie, P.M. and Muldavin, J. (2004) 'Upstream, downstream, China and India: the politics of the environment in the Himalayan region', Annals Assoc. Amer. Geogr., 94(4), in press.
42. Blaikie, P.M., Cameron, J. and Seddon, D. (1980) Nepal in Crisis: Growth and Stagnation at the Periphery, Oxford: Clarendon Press.
43. Blower, J.H. (1972) 'Establishment of Khumbu National Park: outline project proposal, memorandum', Department of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation, Kathmandu.
44. Bohle, H.-G. and Adhikari, J. (1998) 'Rural livelihoods at risk: how Nepalese farmers cope with food insecurity', Mountain Research and Development, 18(4): 321-32.
45. Bolt, B.A. (1993) 'The estimation of seismic risk for large structures in regions like the Himalaya', in V.K. Gaur (ed.) Earthquake Hazard and Large Dams in the Himalaya, Indian National Trust for Art and Cultural Heritage, New Delhi: Indraprastha Press.
46. Brammer, H. (1982) 'Agriculture and food production in polder areas', paper presented at International Polders Conference, Lelystadt, Netherlands.
47. Breu, H. and Hurni, H. (2003) The Tajik Pamirs: Challenges of Sustainable Development in an Isolated Mountain Region, Berne: Centre for Development and Environment (CDE), University of Berne, Switzerland.
48. Brichieri-Colombi, S. and Bradnock, R.W. (2003) 'Geopolitics, water and development in South Asia: cooperative development in the Ganges - Brahmaputra delta', Geographical Journal, 169(1): 43-64.
49. Brower, B. (1990) 'Range conservation and Sherpa livestock management in Khumbu, Nepal', Mountain Research and Development, 10(1): 34-42.
50. Brower, B. (1991) 'Crisis and conservation in Sagarmatha National Park, Nepal', Society and Natural Resources, 4: 151-63.
51. Brower, B. (1996) 'Geography and history in the Solukhumbu landscape', Mountain Research and Development, 16(3): 249-56.
52. Brower, B. and Dennis, A. (1998) 'Grazing the forest, shaping the landscape? Continuing the debate about forest dynamics in Sagarmatha National Park', in K.S. Zimmerer and K.R. Young (eds) Nature's Geography, Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Press, pp. 184-208.
53. Brown, A. (1985) A study of soil erosion on the Kosi Hills of Eastern Nepal, unpub. BSc thesis, King's College, London.
54. Bruijnzeel, L.A. and Bremmer, C.N. (1989) Highland-Lowland Interactions in the Ganges-Brahmaputra River Basin: a review of published literature, Occnl. Paper No. 11, Kathmandu: ICIMOD.
55. Brunsden, D. and Thornes, J.B. (1979) 'Landscape sensitivity and change', Trans. Institute of British Geographers, 4: 463-84.
56. Brunsden, D., Jones, D.K., Martin, R.P. and Doornkamp, J.C. (1981) 'The geomorphological character of part of the Low Himalaya of eastern Nepal', Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie, N.F., Suppl.-Bd. 37: 25-72.
57. Buchroithner, M.F., Jentsch, G. and Wanivenhaus, B. (1982) 'Monitoring of recent geological events in the Khumbu area (Himalaya, Nepal) by digital processing of Landsat MSS data', Rock Mechanics, 15: 181-97.
58. Burke, J. (1999) 'Biblical flood poised to drown a nation', London: The Observer, 20 June 1999, p. 25.
59. Byers, A.C. (1986) 'A geomorphic study of man-induced soil erosion in the Sagarmatha (Mount Everest) National Park, Khumbu, Nepal', Mountain Research and Development, 6(1): 83-7.
60. Byers, A.C. (1987a) 'Landscape change and man-accelerated soil loss: the case of the Sagarmatha (Mount Everest) National Park, Khumbu, Nepal', Mountain Research and Development, 7(3): 209-16.
61. Byers, A.C. (1987b) 'An Assessment of landscape change in the Khumbu region of Nepal using repeat photography', Mountain Research and Development, 7(1): 77-81.
62. Byers, A.C. (1987c) 'Geoecological study of landscape change and man-accelerated soil loss: the case of Sagarmatha (Mt. Everest) National Park, Khumbu, Nepal', unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Colorado.
63. Byers, A.C. (1996) 'Historical and contemporary human disturbance in the upper Barun Valley, Makalu-Barun National Park and Conservation Area, East Nepal', Mountain Research and Development, 16(3): 235-47.
64. Byers, A.C. (1997) 'Landscape change in Sagarmatha (Mt. Everest) National Park, Khumbu, Nepal', Himalayan Research Bulletin, XVII(2): 31-41.
65. Byers, A.C. (2002) 'Historical and contemporary landscape change in the Sagarmatha (Mt. Everest) National Park, Khumbu, Nepal', unpub. MS.
66. Caine, N. and Mool, P.K. (1981) 'Channel geometry and flow estimates for two small mountain streams in the Middle Hills, Nepal', Mountain Research and Development, 1(3-4): 231-43.
67. Caine, N. and Mool, P.K. (1982) 'Landslides in the Kolpu Khola drainage, Middle Mountains, Nepal', Mountain Research and Development, 2(2): 157-73.
68. Carpenter, C. and Zomer, R. (1996) 'Forest ecology of the Makalu-Barun National Park and Conservation Area, Nepal', Mountain Research and Development, 16(2): 135-48.
69. Carson, B. (1985) Erosion and Sedimentation Processes in the Nepalese Himalaya, Occnl. Paper No. 1, Kathmandu: ICIMOD.
70. Carter, A.S. and Gilmour, D.A. (1989) 'Increase in tree cover on private farm land in Central Nepal', Mountain Research and Development, 9(4): 381-91.
71. Casimir, M.J. and Rao, A. (1985) 'The pastoral economy of the nomadic Bakrwal of Jammu and Kashmir', Mountain Research and Development, 5(3): 221-32.
72. Cenderelli, D.A. (2000) 'Floods from natural and artificial dam failures', in E.E. Wohl (ed.) Inland Flood Hazards: Human, Riparian and Aquatic Communities, Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, pp. 73-103.
73. Centre for Science and Environment (1982) The State of India's Environment, 1982: A Citizen's Report, New Delhi: Centre for Science and Environment.
74. Centre for Science and Environment (1985) The State of India's Environment, 1984-85: The Second Citizen's Report, New Delhi: Centre for Science and Environment.
75. Chakravarty-Kaul, M. (1998) 'Transhumance and customary pastoral rights in Himachal Pradesh: claiming the high pastures for Gaddis', Mountain Research and Development, 18(1): 5-17.
76. Champion, H.G. and Seth, S.K. (1968) A Revised Survey of the Forest Types of India, Delhi: Government of India, Manager of Publications.
77. Chapman, E.C. and Sabhasri, S. (eds) (1983) 'Natural resource development and environmental stability in the highlands of northern Thailand', Mountain Research and Development, 3(4): 309-431.
78. Chaudhary, R.P., Subedi, B.P., Vetaas, O.R. and Aase, T.H. (eds) (2002) Vegetation and Society: Their interaction in the Himalayas, Kathmandu and Bergen: Tribhuvan University, Nepal, and University of Bergen, Norway.
79. Clemens, J. and Nüsser, M. (1997) 'Resource management in Rupal Valley, northern Pakistan: The utilization of forests and pastures in the Nanga Parbat area', in I. Stellrecht and M. Winiger (eds), Perspectives on History and Change in the Karakorum, Hindukush, and Himalaya, Köln: Rüdiger Köppe Verlag, pp. 235-63.
80. Coward, W. (2001) 'The Kulu Valleys in motion', Himalayan Research Bulletin, XXI (2): 5-14.
81. Cunha, S. (1994) 'The applicability of the biosphere reserve model to the Pamir Mountains, Tajikistan', unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of California, Davis.
82. Cunha, S. (1995) 'Hunting of rare and endangered fauna in the mountains of post-Soviet Central Asia', Proceedings of the Eighth International Snow Leopard Symposium, Islamabad, Pakistan.
83. Curry, J.R. and Moore, D.G. (1971) 'Growth of the Bengal deep-sea fan and denudation in the Himalayas', Geological Society of America Bulletin, 82: 563-72.
84. Deegan, P. (2003) 'Appetite for destruction', Geographical, March, 2003: 32-6.
85. DFRS (1999a) Forest Resources of Nepal (1987-88), Department of Forest Research and Survey, Ministry of Forest and Soil Conservation, HMG Nepal Forest Resources Information Project, Government of Finland, Kathmandu.
86. DFRS (1999b) Forest and Shrub Cover of Nepal (1989-96), Department of Forest Research and Survey, Ministry of Forest and Soil Conservation, HMG Nepal, Forest Resources Information Project, Government of Finland, Kathmandu.
87. Dhakal, D.N.S. (1987) 'Twenty-five years of development in Bhutan', Mountain Research and Development, 7(3): 219-21.
88. Dhakal, D.N.S. (2000a) 'The unresolved problem', Bhutanese Refugees Against Violence (BRAVVE), 1(1): 3-5, Birtamode, Nepal.
89. Dhakal, D.N.S. (ed.) (2000b) Bhutan Political Problem: Opinions, Viewpoints and Critical Analysis, Annual Publication of the Bhutan National Democratic Party (BNDP), Siliguri, North Bengal: Jatiya Bhandar Press.
90. Dhakal, D.N.S. and Strawn, C. (1994) Bhutan: A Movement in Exile, New Delhi: Nirala Publ., S.S. Enterprises, Darya Ganj.
91. Dhital, M.R., Khanal, N. and Thapa, K.B. (1993) 'The role of extreme weather events, mass movements, and land use changes in increasing natural hazards', Proceedings of a workshop on Causes of the Recent Damage Incurred in South-Central Nepal, July 19-21. Kathmandu: ICIMOD.
92. Dixit, K.M. (2002) 'Insurgents and innocents: the Nepali army's battle with the Maobaadi', Himal South Asian, Kathmandu, June 2002.
93. Dobremez, J.F. (1986) Les Collines du Nepal Central: Ecosystemes Structures Sociales et Systemes Agraires, 2 Vols., Paris: Institut National de la Recherche Agronomic.
94. Donovan, D.G. (1981) 'Fuelwood: how much do we need?' DGD Newsletter 14, Hanover, New Hampshire: Institute of World Affairs.
95. Dow, V., Kienholz, H., Plam. M. and Ives, J.D. (1981) 'Mountain Hazards Mapping: the development of a prototype mountain hazards map, Monarch Lake Quadrangle, Colorado, U.S.A.', Mountain Research and Development, 1(1): 55-64.
96. Duffield, C., Gardner, J.S., Berkes, F. and Singh, R.B. (1998) 'Local knowledge in the assessment of resource sustainability: case studies in Himachal Pradesh, India', Mountain Research and Development, 18(1): 35-49.
97. Eckholm, E. (1975) 'The deterioration of mountain environments', Science, 189: 764-70.
98. Eckholm, E. (1976) Losing Ground, Worldwatch Institute, New York: W.W. Norton and Co.
99. Exo, S. (1990) ' Local resource management in Nepal: limitations and prospects', Mountain Research and Development, 10(1): 16-22.
100. Felmy, S. (1996) The Voice of the Nightingale: a personal account of the Wahki Valley culture in the Hunza, Karachi: Oxford University Press.
101. Finn, W.D.L. (1993) 'Seismic design considerations for dams in Himalaya with references to Tehri Dam', in V.K. Gaur (ed.) Earthquake Hazard and Large Dams in the Himalaya, Indian National Trust for Art and Cultural Heritage, New Delhi: Indraprastha Press, pp. 116-36.
102. Finsterwalder, R. (1960) 'German expeditions to Batura Mustagh and Rakaposhi', Journal of Glaciology, 3: 787.
103. Fisher, J.F. (1990) Sherpas: Reflections on Change in the Nepal Himalaya, Berkeley: University of California Press.
104. Flohn, H. (1968) 'Contributions to a meteorology of the Tibetan Highlands', Atmos. Sci. Paper No. 130, Fort Collins: Colorado State University.
105. Forsyth, T. (2003) Critical Political Ecology: The politics of environmental science, London and New York: Routledge.
106. Forsyth, T.J. (1994) 'The use of Cesium-137 measurements of soil erosion and farmers' perceptions to indicate land degradation amongst shifting cultivators in northern Thailand', Mountain Research and Development, 14(3): 229-44.
107. Forsyth, T.J. (1996) 'Science, myth, and knowledge: testing Himalayan environmental degradation in northern Thailand', Geoforum, 27(3): 375-92.
108. Forsyth, T.J. (1998) 'Mountain myths revisited: integrating natural and social environmental science', Mountain Research and Development, 18(2): 107-16.
109. Fort, M. (1987) 'Geomorphic and hazards mapping in the dry, continental Himalaya: 1: 50,000 maps of the Mustang District, Nepal', Mountain Research and Development, 7(3): 222-38.
110. Fort, M. (2000) 'Glaciers and mass wasting processes: their influence on the shaping of the Kali Gandaki valley (Higher Himalaya of Nepal)', Quaternary International, 65-66: 101-19.
111. Fort, M.B. and Freytet, P. (1982) 'The quaternary sedimentary evolution of the intra-montane basin of Pokhara in relation to the Himalaya Midlands and their hinterland (West Central Nepal)', in A.K. Sinha (ed.) Contemporary Geoscientific Researches in Himalaya, Vol. 2: 91-6, Dehra Dun, India.
112. Fort, M. and Peulvast, J-P. (1995) 'Catastrophic mass-movements and morphogenesis in the peri-Tibetan ranges: examples from West Kunlun, East Pamir and Ladakh', in O. Slaymaker (ed.) Steepland Geomorphology, New York: John Wiley & Sons, pp. 172-98.
113. Fox, J. (1993) 'Forest resources in a Nepali village in 1980 and 1990: the positive influence of population growth', Mountain Research and Development, 13(1): 89-98.
114. Fox, J., Krummel, J., Yarnararn, S., Ekasingh, M. and Podger, N. (1995) 'Land and landscape dynamics in northern Thailand: assessing change in three upland watersheds', Ambio, 24(6): 328-34.
115. Frankel, M. and Roberts, P. (1995) 'A sound like thunder', Newsweek, 27 November 1995, pp. 17-18.
116. Froehlich, W. and Starkel, L. (1987) 'Normal and extreme monsoon rains - their role in the shaping of the Darjeeling Himalaya', Studia Geomorphologica Carpatho-Balcanica, 21: 129-60.
117. Funnell, D. and Parish, R. (2001) Mountain Environments and Communities, London and New York: Routledge.
118. Fürer-Haimendorf, C. Von (1975) Himalayan Traders: Life in Highland Nepal, London: John Murray.
119. Fushimi, H., Ikigami, K. Higuchi, K. and Shankar, K. (1985) 'Nepal case study: catastrophic floods', in G.J. Young (ed.) Techniques for Prediction of Runoff from Glacierized Areas, IAHS, Publ. No. 149, pp. 125-30.
120. Galay, V. (1986) 'Glacier lake outburst flood (jökulhlaup) on the Bhote/Dudh Kosi - August 4, 1985', internal report, Water and Energy Commission, Kathmandu.
121. Ganjanapan, A (1996) 'Will community forest law strengthen community forestry in Thailand?', in B. Rerkasem (ed.) Montane Mainland Southeast Asia in Transition, Proceedings of a symposium, Chiang Mai University, Thailand.
122. Ganjanapan, A (1998) 'The politics of conservation and the complexity of local control of forests in the Northern Thai highlands,' Mountain Research and Development, 18(1): 71-82.
123. Gansser, A. (1966) 'Geological research in the Bhutan Himalaya', Mountain World 1964/65, Zurich: Swiss Foundation for Mountain Research.
124. Gansser, A. (1970) 'Lunana, the peaks, glaciers and lakes of northern Bhutan', Mountain World 1968/89, Swiss Foundation for Alpine Research, pp. 117-31.
125. Gardner, J.S. (2003) 'Natural hazards risks in the Kullu District, Himachal Pradesh, India', Geographical Review, 92(2): 282-306.
126. Gardner, R.A.M. and Jenkins, A. (1995) 'Land use, soil conservation and water resource management in the Nepal Middle Hills', unpublished report, UK Overseas Development Administration, 11.1-11.60.
127. Gardner, R.A.M. and Gerrard, A.J. (2001) 'Soil loss on non-cultivated land in the Middle Hills of Nepal', Physical Geography, 22(5): 376-93.
128. Gardner, R.A.M. and Gerrard, A.J. (2002) 'Relationships between runoff and land degradation on non-cultivated land in the Middle Hills of Nepal', International Journal of Sustainable Development of World Ecology, 9: 59-73.
129. Gardner, R.A.M. and Gerrard, A.J. (2003) 'Runoff and soil erosion on cultivated rainfed terraces in the Middle Hills of Nepal', Applied Geography, in press.
130. Gaur, V.K. (ed) (1993) Earthquake Hazards and Large Dams in the Himalaya, Indian National Trust for Art and Cultural Heritage, New Delhi: Indraprasthra Press.
131. Gautam, C.M. and Watanabe, T. (2004) 'Reliability of land use/cover assessment for montane Nepal: a case study in the Kangchenjunga Conservation area', Mountain Research and Development, 24(1): 35-43.
132. Gautam, K.H. (1991) Indigenous forest management systems in the hills of Nepal, unpub. M.Sc. thesis, Australian National University, Canberra.
133. Gellner, D. (ed.) (2003) Resistance and the State: Nepalese Experiences, New Delhi: Social Science Press.
134. Gerrard, A.J. (2002) ' Landsliding, runoff and soil loss in the Likhu Khola drainage basin, Middle Hills, Nepal: Case study. Section E: Bishkek Global Mountain Summit 2002. Mountain Forum E Consultations', Bishkek - A.J.W.Gerrard@bham.ac.uk
135. Gerrard, J. and Gardner, R. (1999) 'Landsliding in the Likhu Khola drainage basin, Middle Hills of Nepal', Physical Geography, 20: 240-55.
136. Gerrard, A.J. (2000a) 'The nature and management implications of landsliding on irrigated terraces in the Middle Hills of Nepal', International Journal of Sustainable Development and World Ecology, 7: 229-36.
137. Gerrard, A.J. (2000b) 'The role of landsliding in shaping the landscape of the Middle Hills, Nepal', Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie, Suppl.-Bd. 122: 47-62.
138. Gerrard, A.J. (2000c) 'Relationships between rainfall and landsliding in the Middle Hills, Nepal, Norsk Geografisk Tidsskrift, 54: 74-81.
139. Gerrard, A.J. (2002) 'Relationships between landsliding and land use in the Likhu Khola drainage basin, Middle Hills, Nepal', Mountain Research and Development, 22(1): 48-55.
140. Gersony, R. (2003) Sowing the Wind . . . History and dynamics of the Maoist revolt in Nepal's Rapti Hills, unpub. consultant's report to Mercy Corps International (prepared for USAID), Washington, D.C.
141. Gilmour, D.A. (1986) 'Reforestation and afforestation of open land - a Nepal perspective', in A.J. Pearce and L.S. Hamilton (eds), Land Use, Watersheds, and Planning in the Asia-Pacific Region, FAO and RAPA Report: Bangkok, pp. 157-69.
142. Gilmour, D.A. (1988) 'Not seeing the trees for the forest: a re-appraisal of the deforestation crisis in two hill districts of Nepal', Mountain Research and Development, 8(4): 343-50.
143. Gilmour, D.A. (1991) 'Trends in forest resources and management in the Middle Mountains of Nepal', in P. Shah, H. Schreier, S. Brown and K. Riley (eds) Soil Fertility and Erosion Issues in the Middle Mountains of Nepal, Vancouver: Department of Soil Science, University of British Columbia.
144. Gilmour, D.A. and Fisher, R.J. (1991) Villagers, Forests and Foresters, Kathmandu: Sahayogi Press.
145. Gilmour, D.A. and Nurse, M.C. (1991) 'Farmer initiatives in increasing tree cover in central Nepal', Mountain Research and Development, 11(4): 329-37.
146. Gilmour, D.A., Bonell, M. and Cassells, D.S. (1987) 'The effects of forestation on soil hydraulic properties in the Middle Hills of Nepal: a preliminary assessment', Mountain Research and Development, 7(3): 239-49.
147. Goldstein, M.C., Ross, J.L. and Schuler, S. (1983) 'From a mountain-rural to a plains-urban society: implications of the 1981 Nepal Census', Mountain Research and Development, 3(1): 61-4.
148. Grabs, W.E. and Hanisch, J. (1993) 'Objectives and preventative methods for glacial lake outburst floods', Snow and Glacier Hydrology, IAHS Publications, 218: 241-52.
149. Griffin, D.M. (1987) 'Implementation failure caused by institutional problems', Mountain Research and Development, 7(3): 250-3.
150. Griffin, D.M. (1989) Innocents Abroad in the Forests of Nepal: An account of Australian Aid to Nepalese Forestry, Canberra: ANUTECH, Pty. Ltd.
151. Griffin, D.M., Shepherd, K.R. and Mahat, T.B.S. (1988) 'Human impacts on some forests of the Middle Hills of Nepal. Part 5: comparisons, concepts, and some policy implications', Mountain Research and Development, 8(1): 43-52.
152. Grötzbach, E. (1990) 'Man and environment in the West Himalaya and the Karakoram (Pakistan)', Universitas, 32: 17-26.
153. Grove, J.M. (1988) The Little Ice Age, London and New York: Methuen.
154. Guangwei, C. (ed.) (1999) Biodiversity in the Eastern Himalayas: Conservation through dialogue, Kathmandu: ICIMOD.
155. Guha, R. (1989) The Unquiet Woods: Ecological Change and Peasant Resistance in the Himalaya, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
156. Gurung, D. (1996) Ecotourism development in the Kangchenjunga region, WWF Nepal Program Report Series 27, Kathmandu: World Wildlife Fund.
157. Gurung, J.D. (ed.) (1999) Searching for Women's Voices in the Hindu Kush-Himalayas, Kathmandu: ICIMOD.
158. Gurung, S.M. (1988) 'Beyond the myth of eco-crisis in Nepal; local response to pressure on land in the Middle Hills', unpublished doctoral thesis, University of Hawaii, Honolulu.
159. Guthman, J. (1997) 'Representing crisis: the theory of Himalayan environmental degradation and the project of development in post-Rana Nepal', Development and Change, 28: 45-69.
160. Gyawali, D. (2001) Water in Nepal, Kathmandu: Himal Books.
161. Gyawali, D. (2003) 'Yam between Bhot and Muglan: Nepal's search for security in development', in K.M. Dixit and S. Ramachandaran (eds) State of Nepal, Kathmandu: Himal Books, pp. 212-34.
162. Gyawali, D. and Dixit, A. (1997) ' How distant is Nepali science from Nepali society? Lessons from the 1997 Tsho Rolpa GLOF panic', Water Nepal, 5(2): 5-43.
163. Hagan, T. (1969) 'Report on the geological survey of Nepal', Denkscheiften der Schweizerischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft, 86(1): 1-185.
164. Haigh, M.J. (1982a) 'Road development and rural stresses in the Indian Himalaya', Nordia, 16: 135-40.
165. Haigh, M.J. (1982b) 'A comparison of sediment accumulations beneath forested and deforested microcatchments, Garhwal Himalaya', Himalayan Research and Development, 1(11): 118-20.
166. Haigh, M.J. (1984) 'Landslide prediction and highway maintenance in the Lesser Himalaya, India', Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie, Suppl-Bd. 51: 17-37.
167. Haigh, M.J. (1991) 'Reclaiming forest lands in the Himalaya: notes from Pakistan', in G.S. Rajwar (ed.) Recent Researches in Ecology, Environment, and Pollution, Vol. 6, New Delhi: Today and Tomorrow's Printers and Publishers, pp. 199-210.
168. Hamilton, L.S. (ed.) (1983) Forest and Watershed Development and Conservation in Asia and the Pacific, Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
169. Hamilton, L.S. (1987) 'What are the impacts of Himalayan deforestation on the Ganges-Brahmaputra lowlands and delta? assumptions and facts', Mountain Research and Development, 7(3): 256-63.
170. Hammond, J. E. (1988) 'Glacial lakes in the Khumbu region, Nepal: an assessment of the hazards', unpublished Master's thesis, University of Colorado, Boulder.
171. Handel-Mazzetti, H. (1921) 'Ubersicht über die wichtigsten Vegetationstufen und -formationen von Yunnan und SW-Setschuan', Bot. Jahrbuch für Systematik, 56: 578-97.
172. Hatley, T. and Thompson, M. (1985) 'Rare animals, poor people, and big agencies: a perspective on biological conservation and rural development in the Himalaya', Mountain Research and Development, 5(4): 365-77.
173. He, Y. and Yang, F. (1998) A Village-Level Survey of Environment and Development in the Lijiang Jade Dragon Mountain Region, Kunming, Yunnan, P.R.C.: Yunnan People's Publishing House (in Chinese).
174. Herzog, M. (1952) Annapurna: The First 8,000 Metre Peak, Oxford: Alden Press.
175. Heuberger, H., Masch, L., Preuss, E. and Schocker, A. (1984) 'Quaternary landslides and rock fusion in Central Nepal and the Tyrolean Alps', Mountain Research and Development, 4(4): 345-62.
176. Hewitt, K. (1964) 'A Karakoram ice dam', Indus, Journ. Water and Power Development Authority, Pakistan, 5: 18-30.
177. Hewitt, K. (1982) 'Natural dams and outburst floods of the Karakoram Himalaya', in J.W. Glen (ed.), Hydrological Aspects of Alpine and High Mountain Areas, IAHS, Publ. No. 138, pp. 259-69.
178. Hewitt, K. (1985) 'Snow and ice hydrology in remote high mountain areas; the Himalayan sources of the River Indus', Snow and Ice Hydrology Project, Working Paper No.1, Waterloo, Ontario, Wilfrid Laurier University.
179. Hewitt, K. (1988) 'Catastrophic landslide deposits in the Karakoram Himalaya', Science, 242: 64-7.
180. Hewitt, K. (1993) 'Torrential rains in the Central Karakorum, 9-10 September, 1992: geomorphic impact and implications for climatic change', Mountain Research and Development, 13(4): 371-5.
181. Hewitt, K. (1997) 'Risks and disasters in mountain lands', in B. Messerli and J.D. Ives (eds) Mountains of the World: a global priority, London and New York: Parthenon, pp. 371-408.
182. Hinch, T. and Butler, R. (1996) 'Indigenous tourism: a common ground for discussion', in R. Butler and T. Hinch (eds) Tourism and Indigenous Peoples, London: International Thomson Business Press, pp. 3-19.
183. Hinrichsen, D., Lucas, P.H.C., Coburn, B. and Upreti, B.N. (1983) 'Saving Sagarmatha', Ambio, 11(5): 274-81.
184. Hirschboeck, K.K., Ely, L.L. and Maddox, R.A. (2000) 'Hydroclimatology of meteorological floods', in E.E. Wohl (ed.) Inland Flood Hazards: Human, Riparian and Aquatic Communities, Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
185. HMG/FINIDA (1995) Woody Vegetation Cover of the Eastern Development Region, 63, Forest Survey Division, Forest Research and Survey Centre, Kathmandu.
186. HMG/FINIDA (1996) Woody Vegetation Cover of the Central Development Region, 67, Forest Survey Division, Forest Research and Survey Centre, Kathmandu.
187. Hofer, T. (1993) 'Himalayan deforestation, changing river discharge, and increasing floods: myth or reality?', Mountain Research and Development, 13(3): 213-33.
188. Hofer, T. (1998) Floods in Bangladesh: A Highland-lowland Interaction?, Geographica Bernensia, G-48, University of Berne, Switzerland.
189. Hofer, T. and Messerli, B. (1997) 'Floods in Bangladesh - process understanding and development strategies', synthesis paper prepared for Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation, Institute of Geography, University of Berne, Switzerland.
190. Hofer, T. and Messerli, B. (2002) Floods in Bangladesh: history, dynamics and rethinking the role of the Himalayas, unpublished MS, Berne, Switzerland.
191. Hoon, V. (1996) Living on the Move: Bhotiyas and the Kumaun Himalaya, New Delhi, London, and Thousand Oaks, California: Sage Publishers.
192. Houston, C.S. (1982) 'Return to Everest: a sentimental journey', Summit, 28: 14-17.
193. Houston, C.S. (1987) 'Deforestation in Solu Khumbu', Mountain Research and Development, 7(1): 76.
194. Hughes, R., Adnan, S. and Dalal-Clayton, B. (1994) 'Floodplains or flood plans? A review of approaches to water management in Bangladesh', IED, London, RAS, Dhaka.
195. Hurni, H. (1982) 'Soil erosion in Huai Thung Choa - northern Thailand: concerns and constraints', Mountain Research and Development, 2(2): 141-56.
196. Hurni, H. and Nuntapong, S. (1983) 'Agroforestry improvements for shifting cultivation systems: soil conservation research in northern Thailand', Mountain Research and Development, 3(4): 338-45.
197. Imhof, E. (1974) Die Grossen Kalten Berge von Szetschuan, Zurich: Orell Füssli Verlag.
198. IUOTO (1963) Conference on International Travel and Tourism, Geneva: United Nations.
199. Ives, J.D. (1970) 'Himalayan Highway', Canadian Geographical Journal, 80(1): 26-31.
200. Ives, J.D. (1981) 'Applied mountain geoecology: can the scientist assist in the preservation of the mountains?' in J.S. Lall and A.D. Moddie (eds), The Himalaya: Aspects of Change, New Delhi: Oxford University Press, pp. 377-402.
201. Ives, J.D. (1983) Preface in E.C. Chapman and S. Sabhasri (eds), 'Natural resource development and environmental stability in the highlands of northern Thailand', Special Issue, Mountain Research and Development, 3(4): 309-11.
202. Ives, J.D. (1984) 'Does deforestation cause soil erosion?' IUCN Bulletin, 2.
203. Ives, J.D. (1985) 'Yulongxue Shan, Northwest Yunnan, People's Republic of China: A geoecological expedition', Mountain Research and Development, 5(4): 382-85.
204. Ives, J.D. (1986) Glacial Lake Outburst Floods and Risk Engineering in the Himalaya, Occasional Paper No. 5, Kathmandu: ICIMOD.
205. Ives, J.D. (1987a) 'The Theory of Himalayan Environmental Degradation: its validity and application challenged by recent research', Mountain Research and Development, 7(3): 189-99.
206. Ives, J.D. (1987b) 'Repeat photography of debris flows and agricultural terraces in the Middle Mountains, Nepal', Mountain Research and Development, 7(1): 82-6.
207. Ives, J.D. (1989a) 'Deforestation in the Himalayas: the cause of increased flooding in Bangladesh and northern India?', Land Use Policy, 1989: 187-93.
208. Ives, J.D. (1989b) 'Mountain environments', in G.B. Marini-Bettòlo (ed.) A Modern Approach to the Protection of the Environment, Vaticana, Pontificia Academia, Scientiarum, Scripta Varia 75, pp. 289-353.
209. Ives, J.D. (1991) 'Floods in Bangladesh: who is to blame?', New Scientist, 13 April, 130(1764): 34-7.
210. Ives, J.D. (1996) Children, Women and Poverty in Mountain Ecosystems, Primary Environmental Care (PEC) Discussion Papers, No 2, New York: UNICEF.
211. Ives, J.D. (2002) 'Bhutanese refugees in Nepal', Mountain Research and Development, 22(4): 411-14.
212. Ives, J.D. and He, Y. (1996) 'Environmental and cultural change in the Yulong Xue Shan, Lijiang District, NW Yunnan, China', in B. Rerkasem (ed.), Montane Mainland Southeast Asia in Transition, Chiang Mai University: Thailand, pp. 1-16.
213. Ives, J.D. and Ives, P. (eds) (1987) 'The Himalaya-Ganges Problem: proceedings of the Mohonk Mountain Conference', Mountain Research and Development, 7(3): 181-344.
214. Ives, J.D. and Messerli, B. (1981) 'Mountain hazards mapping in Nepal: introduction to an applied mountain research project', Mountain Research and Development, 1(3-4): 223-30.
215. Ives, J.D. and Messerli, B. (1989) The Himalayan Dilemma: Reconciling Development and Conservation, London and New York: Routledge.
216. Ives, J.D., Messerli, B. and Rhoades, R.E. (1997) 'Agenda for sustainable mountain development', in B. Messerli and J.D. Ives (eds) Mountains of the World: A Global Priority, London and New York: Parthenon, pp. 455-66.
217. Ives, J.D., Messerli, B. and Thompson, M. (1987) 'Research strategy for the Himalayan region', Mountain Research and Development, 7(3): 332-44.
218. Ives, J.D., Sabhasri, S. and Voraurai, P. (eds) (1980) Conservation and Development in Northern Thailand, NRTS-3/UNUP-77, Tokyo: United Nations University Press.
219. Iwata, S., Sharma, T. and Yamanaka, H. (1984) 'A preliminary report of Central Nepal and Himalayan uplift', Journal Nepalese Geological Society, 4: 141-9.
220. Iyengar, R.N. (1993) 'Dynamic analysis and seismic specification of Tehri Dam', in V.K. Gaur (ed.) Earthquake Hazard and Large Dams in the Himalaya, Indian National Trust for Art and Cultural Heritage, New Delhi: Indraprastha Press, pp. 137-52.
221. Iyer, R.R. (1998) 'Water projects in trouble: what lessons?', Water Nepal, 6(1): 5-11.
222. Jackson, W.J., Tamrakar, R.M., Hunt, S. and Shepherd, K.R. (1998) 'Land-use changes in two Middle Hills districts of Nepal', Mountain Research and Development, 18(3): 193-212.
223. Jayal, N.K. (1993) 'Preface', in V.K. Gaur (ed.) Earthquake Hazard and Large Dams in the Himalaya, Indian National Trust for Art and Cultural Heritage, New Delhi: Indraprastha Press.
224. Jodha, N.S. (1997) 'Mountain agriculture', in B. Messerli and J.D. Ives (eds) Mountains of the World: a global priority, London and New York: Parthenon, pp. 313-35.
225. Johnson, K., Olson, E.A., and Manandhar, S. (1982) 'Experimental knowledge and response to natural hazards in mountainous Nepal', Mountain Research and Development, 2(2): 175-88.
226. Joshi, B.C. (1987) 'Geo-environmental studies in parts of Ramganga catchment, Kumaon Himalayas', unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Roorkee, Roorkee, India.
227. Joshi, D.P. (1982) 'The climate of Namche Bazar: a bioclimatic analysis', Mountain Research and Development, 2(4): 399-403.
228. Joshi, S.C. (ed.) (1986) Nepal Himalaya: Geoecological Perspectives, Nainital, UP: Himalayan Research Group.
229. Kaith, D.C. (1960) 'Forest practices in control of avalanches, floods, and soil erosion in the Himalayan front', Vol. III, Fifth World Forestry Congress Proceedings: Seattle.
230. Karan, P.P. (1967) Bhutan: A Physical and Cultural Geography, Lexington: University of Kentucky Press.
231. Karan, P.P. (1977) 'Cultural geography of the Himalaya', in R.C. Eidt, K.N. Singh and R.B.P. Singh, Man, Culture and Settlement, research publication No. 17, Varanasi: National Geographical Society of India, pp. 24-30.
232. Karan, P.P. (1990) Bhutan: Environment, Culture and Development Strategy, New Delhi: Intellectual Publishing House.
233. Karan, P.P. and Iijima, S. (1985) 'Environmental stress in the Himalaya', Geographical Review, 75(1): 71-92.
234. Kean, D. (1997) 'Grandmother's footsteps, an interview', Geographical, LXIX (12): 30-3.
235. Kienholz, H., Hafner, H., Schneider, G. and Tamrakar, R. (1983) 'Mountain hazards mapping in Nepal's Middle Mountains with maps of land use and geomorphic damages (Kathmandu-Kakani area)', Mountain Research and Development, 3(3): 195-220.
236. Kienholz, H., Schneider, G., Bichsel, M., Grunder, M. and Mool, P. (1984) 'Mountain hazards mapping project, Nepal: base map, and map of mountain hazards and slope stability, Kathmandu-Kakani area', Mountain Research and Development, 4(3): 247-66.
237. Kreutzmann, H. (1991) 'The Karakorum Highway: the impact of road construction on mountain societies', Modern Asian Studies, 25(4): 711-36.
238. Kreutzmann, H. (1993) 'Challenge and response in the Karakorum: socioeconomic transformation of the Hunza, Northern Areas, Pakistan', Mountain Research and Development, 13(1): 19-39.
239. Kreutzmann, H. (1994) 'Habitat conditions and settlement processes in the Hindukush-Karakorum', Petermanns Geographisches Mitteilungen, 6(94): 337-56.
240. Kreutzmann, H. (1995) 'Globalization, spatial integration, and sustainable development in northern Pakistan', Mountain Research and Development, 15(3): 213-27.
241. Kreutzmann, H. (1998) 'Trans-montane exchange patterns prior to the Karakorum Highway', in I. Stellrecht (ed.) Karakorum - Hindukush - Himalaya: Dynamics of Change, Köln: Rüdiger Köppe Verlag, Part II, pp. 21-43.
242. Kreutzmann, H. (2000) 'Improving accessibility for mountain development. Role of transport networks and urban settlements', in M. Banskota, T.S. Popola and J. Richter (eds) Growth, Poverty Alleviation and Sustainable Resource Management in the Mountain Areas of South Asia, Nepal Zentralstelle für Ernährung und Landwirtschaft (Flood and Agricultural Development Centre): Feldafing, Germany, pp. 485-513.
243. Kreutzmann, H. (2003) 'Ethnic minorities and marginality in the Pamirian Knot: survival of Wakhi and Kirghiz in a harsh environment and global contexts', Geographical Journal, 169(3): 215-35.
244. Kumer, D. (1995) Tourism Potential Study of Districts Lahaul and Spiti, Shimla, India: Institute of Vocational Studies, Himachal University.
245. Kundstadter, P., Chapman, E.C. and Sabhasri, S. (eds) (1978) Farmers in the Forest, Honolulu: University Press of Hawaii.
246. Laban, P. (1979) 'Field measurements on erosion and sedimentation in Nepal', Department of Soil Conservation and Watershed Management, Kathmandu (1WM/SP/05).
247. Lall, J.S. and Moddie, A.D. (eds) (1981) The Himalaya: aspects of change, New Delhi: Oxford University Press.
248. Lambert, C. (2003) 'At the crossroads: a survey of Central Asia', The Economist, 26 July 2003.
249. Lhamu, C., Rhodes, J.J. and Rai, D.B. (2000) 'Integrating economy and environment: the development experience of Bhutan', in M. Banskota, T.S. Papola and J. Richter (eds), Growth, Poverty Alleviation and Sustainable Resource Management in the Mountain Areas of South Asia, Feldafing, Germany: Deutsche Stiftung für internationale Entwicklung, pp. 137-70.
250. Li, T. (1994) 'Landslide disasters and human responses in China', Mountain Research and Development, 14(4): 341-46.
251. Li, Z., Chen, J., Hu, F. and Wang, M. (1982) Geologic Structure of Gongga Mountainous Region, Expedition in the Gongga Mountain, Chengdu Institute of Geography, Beijing: Academia Sinica, 20.
252. Libiszewski, S. and Bächler, G. (1997) 'Conflicts in mountain areas - a predicament for sustainable development', in B. Messerli and J.D. Ives (eds), Mountains of the World: a global priority, London and New York: Parthenon, pp. 103-30.
253. Liu, D. and Sun, H. (eds) (1981) Proceedings on Symposium on Qinghai-Xizang (Tibet) Plateau, Beijing: Science Press and New York: Gordon and Breach, 2 vols.
254. Low, B.L. (ed.) (1968) Mountains and Rivers of India, Prepared for 21st International Geographical Congress, India, New Delhi.
255. Lu, X.X., Ashmore, P. and Wang, J.F. (2003) 'Seasonal water discharge and sediment load changes in the upper Yangtze, China', Mountain Research and Development, 23(1): 56-64.
256. Lucas, P.H.C., Hardie, N.D. and Hodder, R.A.C. (1974) Report of the New Zealand Mission on Sagarmatha (Mount Everest) National Park, Department of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation, Kathmandu.
257. Lumley, J. (1997) Joanna Lumley in the Kingdom of the Thunder Dragon, London: BBC Books.
258. MacDonald, K.I. (1996) 'Population change in the upper Braldu Valley, Baltistan, 1900-1990: all is not as it seems', Mountain Research and Development, 16(4): 351-66.
259. MacDonald, K.I. and Butz, D. (1998) 'Investigating portering relations as a locus for transcultural interaction in the Karakorum region, northern Pakistan', Mountain Research and Development, 18(4): 333-43.
260. Mackinder, H.J. (1919) Democratic Ideals and Reality, reprinted, 1944, Harmondsworth: Penguin.
261. Mahat, T.B.S., Griffin, D.M. and Shepherd, K.R. (1986a) 'Human impact on some forests of the Middle Hills of Nepal: 1, forestry in the context of the traditional resources of the state', Mountain Research and Development, 6(3): 223-32.
262. Mahat, T.B.S., Griffin, D.M. and Shepherd, K.R. (1986b) 'Human impact on some forests of the Middle Hills of Nepal: 2, some major human impacts before 1950 on the forests of Sindhu Palchok and Kabhre Palanchok', Mountain Research and Development, 6(4): 325-34.
263. Mahat, T.B.S., Griffin, D.M. and Shepherd, K.R. (1987a) 'Human impact on some forests of the Middle Hills of Nepal: 3, forests in the subsistence economy of Sindhu Palchok and Kabhre Palanchok', Mountain Research and Development, 7(1): 53-70.
264. Mahat, T.B.S., Griffin, D.M. and Shepherd, K.R. (1987b) 'Human impact on some forests of the Middle Hills of Nepal: 4, a detailed study in southeast Sindhu Palchok', Mountain Research and Development, 7(2): 111-34.
265. Malla, Y.B. and Griffin, D.M. (1999) 'The changing role of the forest resource in the hills of Nepal', Department of Forestry, Australian National University: Canberra, unpub. MS.
266. Mason, K. (1935) 'The study of threatening glaciers', Geographical Journal, 85(1): 24-35.
267. Mauch, S.P. (1976) 'The energy situation in the hills: imperative for development strategies?', Mountain Environment and Development, A collection of papers for the Swiss Association for Technical Assistance in Nepal (SATA), Kathmandu.
268. Mawdsley, E. (1999) 'A new Himalayan state in India: popular perceptions of regionalism, politics, and development', Mountain Research and Development, 19(2): 101-12.
269. McConnell, R.M. (1991) 'Solving environmental problems caused by adventure travel in developing countries: the Everest Environmental Expedition', Mountain Research and Development, 11(4): 359-66.
270. McKinnon, J. (1983) 'A highlander's geography of the highlands: mythology, process, and fact', Mountain Research and Development, 3(4): 313-17.
271. Mehra, B.S. and Mathur, P.K. (2001) 'Livestock grazing in the Great Himalayan National Park Conservation Area - A landscape level assessment', Himalayan Research Bulletin, XXI (2): 89-96.
272. Merzliakova, I.A. (1998) 'Environmental hazards (Khait earthquake) and administrative pressure for resource utilization (Pamiro-Alai case study)', in I. Stellrecht (ed.), Karakorum-Hindukush-Himalaya: Dynamics of Change, Köln: Rüdiger Köppe Verlag, pp. 269-86.
273. Messerli, B. and Ives, J.D. (1984) 'Gongga Shan (7556 m) and Yulongxue Shan (5596 m): geoecological observations in the Hengduan Mountains of southwestern China', in W. Lauer (ed.) Natural Environment and Man in Tropical Mountain Ecosystems. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag, Wiesbaden GMBH, pp. 55-77.
274. Messerli, B. and Ives, J.D. (eds) (1997) Mountains of the World: A Global Priority, London and New York: Parthenon.
275. Messerschmidt, D.A. (1990) 'Indigenous environmental management and adaptation: an introduction to four case studies from Nepal', Mountain Research and Development, 10(1): 5-6.
276. Metz, J.J. (1990) 'Conservation practices at an upper-elevation village of west Nepal', Mountain Research and Development, 10(1): 7-15.
277. Metz, J.J. (1991) 'A reassessment of the causes and severity of Nepal's environmental crisis', World Development, 19(7): 805-20.
278. Metz, J.J. (1997) 'Vegetation dynamics of several little disturbed temperate forests in east-central Nepal', Mountain Research and Development, 17(4): 333-51.
279. Miehe, S. and Miehe, G. (1998) 'Vegetation patterns as indicators of climatic humidity in the western Karakorum', in I. Stellrecht (ed.) Karakorum-Hindukush-Himalaya: Dynamics of Change, Pt. 1, Köln: Rüdiger Köppe Verlag, 101-26.
280. Mishra, H.R. (1973) 'Conservation in Khumbu: the proposed Mt. Everest National Park', preliminary report, Department of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation, Kathmandu.
281. Mool, P.K., Bajracharya, S.R. and Joshi, S.P (2001a) Inventory of Glaciers, Glacial Lakes and Glacial Lake Outburst Floods, Nepal, Kathmandu: ICIMOD.
282. Mool, P.K., Wangda, D., Bajracharya, S.R., Kunzang, K., Gurung, D.R. and Joshi, S.P (2001b) Inventory of Glaciers, Glacial Lakes and Glacial Lake Outburst Floods, Bhutan, Kathmandu: ICIMOD.
283. MRD (1987) Mohonk Mountain Conference Resolution 3, Mountain Research and Development, 7(3): 185.
284. MRD (2003) 'A Siachen Peace Park: The Solution to a Half-Century of International Conflict', letters to an author, Mountain Research and Development, 23(2): 208.
285. Mukerji, A.B. (1993) 'The greening of the Siwalik Himalayas', in B. Messerli, T. Hofer and S. Wymann (eds), Himalayan Environment: Pressure - Problems - Processes: Twelve Years of Research, Switzerland: Institute of Geography, University of Berne, pp. 63-77.
286. Müller, F. (1959) 'Eight months of glacier and soil research in the Everest region', The Mountain World 1958/59, London: Allen and Unwin, pp. 191-208.
287. Müller-Böker, U. and Kollmair, M. (2000) 'Livelihood strategies and local perceptions of a new nature conservation project in Nepal: the Kanchenjunga Conservation Area Project', Mountain Research and Development, 20(4): 324-31.
288. Müller-Hohenstein, K. (ed.) (1974) International Workshop on the Development of Mountain Environment, Munich: German Foundation for International Development.
289. Myers, N. (1986) 'Environmental repercussions of deforestation in the Himalayas', Journal of World Forest Resources, 2: 63-72.
290. Narayana, D.V.V. (1987) 'Downstream impacts of soil conservation in the Himalayan region', Mountain Research and Development, 7(3): 287-98.
291. Narayana, D.V.V. and Rambabu, I. (1983) 'Estimation of soil erosion in India, Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, 109(4): 409-34.
292. Naylor, R. (1970) Unpublished report, New Zealand Forest Service.
293. Negi, A.K., Bhatt, B.P., Todaria, N.P. and Saklani, A. (1997) 'The effects of colonialism on forests and the local people in the Garhwal Himalaya, India', Mountain Research and Development, 17(2): 159-68.
294. Nepal, S.K. (1999) 'Tourism induced environmental changes in the Nepalese Himalaya: A comparative analysis of the Everest, Annapurna and Mustang regions', unpub. PhD dissertation, University of Berne, Switzerland.
295. Nepal, S.K., Kohler, T. and Banzhaf, B.R. (2002) Great Himalaya: tourism and the dynamics of change in Nepal, Zurich: Swiss Foundation for Alpine Research.
296. Ngo, J.M. (1958) 'The glaciation of Yulungshan in China', Erdkunde, 12: 308-13.
297. Nicholas, C. and Singh, R. (1996) Indigenous Peoples of Asia: Many peoples, one struggle, Bangkok: Asia Indigenous Peoples Pact.
298. NPC (1993) An Outline on Poverty Alleviation Policies and Programmes, Kathmandu: National Planning Commission.
299. Numata, M. (ed.) (1983) Structure and Dynamics of Vegetation in Eastern Nepal, Laboratory for Ecology, Chiba University, Japan.
300. Nusser, M. and Clemens, J. (1996) 'Impacts on mixed mountain agriculture in the Rupal Valley, Nanga Parbat, northern Pakistan', Mountain Research and Development, 16(2): 117-133.
301. Ohsawa, M. (1983) 'Distribution, structure and regeneration of forest communities in eastern Nepal', in M. Numata (ed.) Structure and Dynamics of Vegetation in Eastern Nepal, Laboratory for Ecology, Chiba University, Japan.
302. Ortner, S.B. (1996) 'Making gender: toward a feminist, minority, postcolonial, subaltern, etc., theory of practice', in S.B. Ortner (ed.) Making Gender: The Politics and Erotics of Culture, Boston: Beacon Press.
303. Ortner, S.B. (2000) Life and Death on Mt. Everest: Sherpas and Himalayan Mountaineering, New Delhi: Oxford University Press.
304. Parish, R. (2002) Mountain Environments, London and New York: Prentice Hall.
305. Paul, B.K. (2003) 'Relief assistance to 1998 flood victims: A comparison of the performance of the government and NGOs', Geographical Journal, 169 (1): 75-89.
306. Pearce, F. (1991) 'The rivers that won't be tamed', New Scientist, 13 April, 130(1764): 38-41.
307. Pearce, F. (1999) 'Hell and high water', New Scientist, 19 June 1999 p. 4.
308. Pearce, F. (2002) 'Meltdown!'. New Scientist, 2 November, 176(2367): 44-8.
309. Pimbert, M.P. and Pretty, J.N. (1997) 'Parks, people and professionals: putting "participation" into protected area management', in K.B. Ghimire and M.P. Pimbert (eds) Social Change and Conservation: Environmental Politics and Impacts of National Parks and Protected Areas, London: Earthscan, pp. 297-330.
310. Poffenberger, M. (1980) Patterns of Change in the Nepal Himalaya, Delhi: Macmillan.
311. Price, M.F., Moss, L.A.G. and Williams, P.W. (1997) 'Tourism and amenity migration', in B. Messerli and J.D. Ives (eds) Mountains of the World: a global priority, London and New York: Parthenon, pp. 249-80.
312. Ramsay, W.J.H. (1985) 'Erosion in the Middle Himalaya, Nepal, with a case study of the Phewa Valley', unpublished thesis, University of British Columbia.
313. Rana, B., Shrestha, A.B., Reynolds, J.M., Aryal, R., Pokhrel, A.P. and Budhathoki, K.P. (2000) 'Hazard assessment of the Tsho Rolpa Glacier Lake and ongoing remediation measures', Journal of Nepal Geological Society, 22: 563-70.
314. Rawat, D.S. and Sharma, S. (1997) 'The development of a road network and its impact on the growth of infrastructure: a study of Almora District in the Central Himalaya', Mountain Research and Development, 17(2): 117-26.
315. Rawat, J.S. and Rawat, M.S. (1994a) 'Accelerated erosion in the Nana Kosi watershed, Central Himalaya, India. Part I: sediment load', Mountain Research and Development, 14(1): 25-38.
316. Rawat, J.S. and Rawat, M.S. (1994b) 'Accelerated erosion in the Nana Kosi watershed, Central Himalaya, India. Part II: human impacts on stream runoff', Mountain Research and Development, 14(3): 255-60.
317. Renaud, F. (1997) ' Financial cost-benefit analysis of soil conservation practices in northern Thailand', Mountain Research and Development, 17(1): 11-18.
318. Renaud, F., Bechstedt, H.-D. and Nakorn, U.N. (1998) 'Farming systems and soil-conservation practices in a study area of northern Thailand', Mountain Research and Development, 18(4): 345-56.
319. Rerkasem, B. (ed.) (1996) Montane Mainland Southeast Asia in Transition, Chiang Mai University, Thailand.
320. Rhoades, R.E. (1997) Pathways Towards a Sustainable Mountain Agriculture for the 21st Century: The Hindu Kush - Himalayan Experience, Kathmandu: ICIMOD.
321. Richards, J.F. (1987) 'Environmental changes in Dehra Dun Valley, India: 1880-1980', Mountain Research and Development, 7(3): 299-304.
322. Rieck, A. (1997) 'From mountain refuge to "Model Area": Transformation of Shi'i communities in northern Pakistan', in I. Stellrecht and M. Winiger (eds), Perspectives on History and Change in the Karakorum, Hindukush, and Himalaya, Köln: Rüdiger Köppe Verlag, pp. 215-31.
323. Rieger, H.C. (1981) 'Man versus mountain: the destruction of the Himalayan ecosystem', in J.S. Lall and A.D. Moddie (eds) The Himalaya: Aspects of Change, Delhi and Calcutta: Oxford University Press, pp. 351-76.
324. Rock, J.F. (1924) 'Banishing the devil of disease among the Nashi: weird ceremonies performed by aboriginal tribe in the heart of Yunnan Province, China', National Geographic Magazine, 46: 473-99.
325. Rock, J.F. (1947) The Ancient Na-Khi Kingdom of Southwest China, 2 vols. Harvard-Yenching Monography Series VIII, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
326. Roder, W. (1997) 'Slash-and-burn rice systems in transition: challenges for agricultural development in the hills of northern Laos', Mountain Research and Development, 17(1): 1-10.
327. Roder, W., Gratzer, G. and Wangdi, K. (2002) 'Cattle grazing in the conifer forests of Bhutan', Mountain Research and Development, 22(4): 368-74.
328. Rogers, P., Lydon, P., and Seckler, D. (1989) Eastern Waters Study: Strategies to Manage Flood and Drought in the Ganges-Brahmaputra Basin. ISPAN, Irrigation Support Project for Asia and the Near East, Arlington, Virginia, USAID.
329. Rose, L.E. (1977) The Politics of Bhutan, Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press.
330. Rowell, G. (1980) Many People Come Looking, Looking. Seattle: The Mountaineers.
331. Roy, R.D. (2002) Land and Forest Rights in the Chittagong Hill Tracts, Bangladesh, Kathmandu: ICIMOD.
332. Sabawal, V.K. (1999) Pastoral Politics: Shepherds, Bureaucrats and Conservation in the Western Himalaya, Delhi: Oxford University Press.
333. Saberwal, V.K. and Chhatre, A. (2001) 'The Parvarti and the Tragopan: conservation and development in the Great Himalayan National Park', Himalayan Research Bulletin, XXI (2): 79-88.
334. Savage, M. (1994) 'Land-use change and the structural dynamics of Pinus kesiya in a hill evergreen forest in Thailand', Mountain Research and Development, 14(3): 245-50.
335. Schickhoff, U. (1993) 'Interrelations between ecological and socioeconomic change: the case of the high altitude forests in the Northern Areas of Pakistan', Pakistan Journal of Geography, 3: 59-70.
336. Schickhoff, U. (1995) 'Himalayan forest cover changes in historical perspective: a case study in the Kaghan Valley, northern Pakistan', Mountain Research and Development, 15(1): 1-18.
337. Schickhoff, U. (1997) 'Ecological change as a consequence of recent road building: The case of the high altitude forests of the Karakorum', in I. Stellrecht and M. Winiger (eds) Perspectives on History and Change in the Karakorum, Hindukush, and Himalaya, Köln: Rüdiger Köppe Verlag, pp. 277-86.
338. Schickhoff, U. (1998) 'Socio-economic background and ecological effects of forest destruction in northern Pakistan', in I. Stellrecht (ed.), Karakorum-Hindukush-Himalaya: Dynamics of Change, Köln: Rüdiger Köppe Verlag, pp. 287-302.
339. Schickhoff, U. (2004) 'The forests of Hunza Valley: scarce resources under threat', in H. Kreutzmann (ed.), Karakoram in Transition: The Hunza Valley, Oxford: Oxford University Press (in press).
340. Schmidt-Vogt, D. (1998) 'Defining degradation: the impacts of swidden on forests in northern Thailand', Mountain Research and Development, 18(2): 135-49.
341. Schreier, H., Brown, S., Shah, P.B., Shrestha, B. and Merz, J. (2002) Jhikhu Khola Watershed, Nepal, 9 CD-Roms, Institute for Resources and Environment, University of British Columbia, Canada
342. Schreier, H. and Wymann von Dach, S. (1996) 'Understanding Himalayan processes: shedding light on the dilemma', in H. Hurni, H. Kienholz, H. Wanner and U. Wiesmann (eds) Umwelt Mensch Gebirge, Festschrift for Bruno Messerli, Jahrbuch der Geographischen Gesellschaft Bern, Bd. 59/1994-1996, Berne, Switzerland, pp. 75-83.
343. Schuster, R.L. (1995) 'Landslide dams - a worldwide phenomenon', Journal of the Japan Landslide Society, 31(4): 38-49.
344. Schweinfurth, U. (1957) 'Die horizontale und vertikale Verbreitung der Vegetation im Himalaya', Bonner Geogr. Abh. 20, Bonn.
345. Sella, G.F., Dixon, T.H. and Mao, A. (2002) 'A model for recent plate velocities from space geodesy', Journal of Geophysical Research, 107(10): 1029-2000.
346. Shariff, K.M. (ed.) (2001-2002) Pakistan Almanac, Karachi: Royal Book Company.
347. Sharma, C.K. (1983) Water and Energy Resources of the Himalayan Block: Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh and India, Kathmandu: Mrs Sangeeta Sharma.
348. Sharma, P.D. and Minas, R.S. (1993) 'Land use and the biophysical environment of Kinnaur District, Himachal Pradesh, India', Mountain Research and Development, 13(1): 41-60.
349. Sharma, S., Koponen, J., Gyawali, D. and Dixit, A. (eds) (2004) Aid Under Stress: Water, forests and Finnish support in Nepal, Kathmandu: Himal Books for Institute of Development Studies, University of Helsinki and Interdisciplinary Analysts, Kathmandu.
350. Shelley, M.R. (2000) 'Socioeconomic status and development of Chittagong Hill Tracts (CHT) of Bangladesh: an overview', in M. Banskota, T.S. Papola and J. Richter (eds), Growth, Poverty Alleviation and Sustainable Resource Management in the Mountain Areas of South Asia, Feldafing, Germany: Deutsche Stiftung für internationale Entwicklung, pp. 107-35.
351. Sherpa, L.N., Peniston, B., Lama W. and Richard, C. (2003) Hands Around Everest: Transboundary Cooperation for Conservation and Sustainable Livelihoods, Kathmandu: ICIMOD and The Mountain Institute.
352. Shiva, V. (1988) Staying Alive: Women, Ecology and Development, London: Zed Books.
353. Shiva, V. (1993) 'Monocultures of the mind: understanding the threat to biological and cultural diversity', unpublished report, International Development Research Centre, Ottawa, Canada.
354. Shiva, V. and Bandyopadhyay, J. (1986) 'The evolution, structure, and impact of the Chipko movement', Mountain Research and Development, 6(2): 133-42.
355. Shrestha, B. and Brown, S. (1995) 'Land-use dynamics and intensification', in H. Shreier, P.B. Shah and S. Brown (eds), Challenge in Mountain Resource Management in Nepal: Process, Trend and Dynamics in Middle Mountain Watersheds, Proceedings of a workshop, Kathmandu, Nepal, pp. 141-54.
356. Shroder, J.F. (ed.) (1998) Mass movement in the Himalayas, Geomorphology, special issue, 26: 1-222.
357. Shukla, J. (1987) 'Interannual variability of monsoon', in J.S. Fein and P.L. Stephens (eds) Monsoons, New York: John Wiley and Sons.
358. Sicroff, S. (1998) 'Approaching the Jade Dragon: Tourism in Lijiang County, Yunnan Province, China', unpublished Masters thesis, University of California, Davis.
359. Sicroff, S. and Alos Alabajos, E. (2001) 'Biodiversity and tourism in the sacred valley', in T. Watanabe, S. Sicroff, N.R. Khanal and M.P. Gautam (eds), Proceedings of the International Symposium on the Himalayan Environments, Kathmandu, 24-26 November, 2000, pp. 52-63.
360. Sicroff, S. and Ives, J.D. (2001) 'Tourism in Lijiang and the Jade Dragon Mountains, northwestern Yunnan, China: benign development or a pact with the devil?', in T. Watanabe, S. Sicroff, N.R. Khanal and M.P. Gautam (eds), Proceedings of the International Symposium on the Himalayan Environments, Kathmandu, 24-26 November, 2000, pp. 40-51.
361. Sinclair, A.J. (2003) 'Assessing the impacts of micro-hydro development in the Kullu District, Himachal Pradesh, India', Mountain Research and Development, 23(1): 11-13.
362. Singh, J.S. (ed.) (1985) Environmental Regeneration in Himalaya: concepts and strategies, Central Himalayan Environment Association: Nainital, U.P. India.
363. Singh, J.S. and Singh, S.P. (1987) 'Forest vegetation of the Himalaya', Botanical Review, 53(1): 80-192.
364. Singh, T.V. (1989) The Kulu Valley: Impact of Tourism Development in the Mountain Areas, New Delhi: Himalayan Books.
365. Singh, T.V. and Kaur, J. (1985) Integrated Mountain Development, New Delhi: Himalayan Books.
366. Slim, W.J. (Viscount) (1981) Defeat into Victory, Indian edition, Dehra Dun: Natraj Publ.
367. Smadja, J. (1992) 'Studies on climatic and human impacts and their relationship on a mountain slope above Salme in the Himalayan Middle Mountains, Nepal', Mountain Research and Development, 12(1): 1-28.
368. Smadja, J. (ed.) (2003) Histoire et Devenir des Paysages en Himalaya, Paris: CNRS Publications.
369. Smadja, J. and Fort, M. (1998) 'Research on diversity, origin, and evolution of Himalayan Nepalese landscapes', in I. Stellrecht (ed.) Karakorum-Hindukush-Himalaya: aspects of change, Köln: Rüdiger Köppe Verlag, 387-413.
370. Speechley, H.T. (1978) Proposals for forest management in Sagarmatha (Mt. Everest) National Park, Department of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation, Kathmandu.
371. Stainton, J.D.A. (1972) Forests of Nepal, New York: Hafner.
372. Starkel, L. (1972a) 'The role of catastrophic rainfall in the shaping of the relief of the Lower Himalaya (Darjeeling Hills)', Geographica Polonica, 21: 103-47.
373. Starkel, L. (1972b) 'The modelling of monsoon areas of India as related to catastrophic rainfall', Geographica Polonica, 23: 151-73.
374. Starkel, L. and Basu, S. (2000) Rains, Landslides and Floods in the Darjeeling Himalaya, Indian National Science Academy: New Delhi.
375. Starr, S.F. (2001) 'Altitude sickness: poverty and violence in the mountains', The National Interest, 65 (Fall, 2001): 90-100.
376. Stellrecht. I. (ed.) (1997) The Past in the Present: Horizons of Remembering in the Pakistan Himalaya, Köln: Rüdiger Köppe Verlag.
377. Stellrecht, I. (ed.) (1998) Karakorum - Hindukush - Himalaya: Dynamics of Change, Köln: Rüdiger Köppe Verlag.
378. Sterling, C. (1976) 'Nepal', Atlantic Monthly (Oct), 238(4): 14-25.
379. Stevens, S.F. (1993) Claiming the High Ground: Sherpas, Subsistence and Environmental Change in the Highest Himalaya, Berkeley: University of California Press.
380. Stevens, S.F. (1997) 'Consultation, co-management, and conflict in the Sagarmatha (Mount Everest) National Park, Nepal', in S.F. Stevens (ed.) Conservation Through Cultural Survival: Indigenous Peoples and Protected Areas, Washington DC: Island Press.
381. Stevens, S.F. (2003) 'Tourism and deforestation in the Mt Everest region of Nepal', Geographical Journal, 169(3): 255-77.
382. Stewart, K. (1989) 'Post flood: assessment and nutritional status of children in Matlab, Bangladesh', unpublished paper presented in Regional and Global Environmental Perspectives, Dhaka, 4-6.
383. Stone, L. (1990) 'Conservation and human resources: comments on four case studies from Nepal', Mountain Research and Development, 10(1): 5-6.
384. Subba, B. (2001) Himalayan Waters: Promise and Potential, Problems and Prospects, Kathmandu: Panos, South Asia.
385. Subba, B. (2003) 'Water, Nepal and India', in K.M. Dixit and S. Ramachandaran (eds) State of Nepal, Kathmandu: Himal Books, pp. 235-52.
386. Suslov, S.P. (1961) Physical Geography of Asiatic Russia, San Francisco: W.H. Freeman and Co.
387. Swope, L.H. (1995) 'Factors influencing rates of deforestation in Lijiang County, Yunnan Province, China: a village study', unpublished Masters thesis, University of California, Davis.
388. Swope, L., Swain, M.B., Yang, F. and Ives, J.D. (1997) 'Uncommon property rights in southwest China: trees and tourists', in B.R. Johnston (ed.) Life and Death Matters: Human Rights and the Environment at the End of the Millennium, Walnut Creek, California: AltaMira Press, Sage Publications.
389. Tabei, J. (2001) 'Climbers' impact on the natural environment in mountain areas and environmental conservation: Present situation of waste left by climbers in the Mount Everest region', in T. Watanabe, S. Sicroff, N.R. Khanal, and M.P. Gautam (eds) Proceedings of an International Symposium on the Himalayan Environments: Mountain Science and Ecotourism/Biodiversity, 24-26 November 2000, Kathmandu.
390. Tamrakar, R.M. (1995) A comparative study of land use changes in the Mahabharat Lekh area of Kabhre Palanchok District between 1978-1992, unpublished consultancy report to the Nepal-Australian Community Forestry Project, Kathmandu.
391. Tejwani, K.G. (1984a) 'Biophysical and socio-economic causes of land degradation and strategy to foster watershed reclamation in the Himalayas', in IUFRO symposium on The Effects of Forest Land Use on Erosion and Slope Stability, East-West Center, Honolulu.
392. Tejwani, K.G. (1984b) 'Reservoir sedimentation in India - its causes, control and future course of action', Water International, 9(4): 150-4.
393. Tejwani, K.G. (1987) 'Sedimentation of reservoirs in the Himalayan region, India', Mountain Research and Development, 7(3): 323-27.
394. Thapa, D. (2003) 'The Maobadi of Nepal', in K.M. Dixit and S. Ramachandaran (eds), The State of Nepal, Lalitpur, Nepal: Himal Books.
395. Thapa, D. and Sijapati, B. (2003) A Kingdom Under Siege: Nepal's Maoist Insurgency, 1996-2002, Kathmandu: Printhouse.
396. Thapa, G.B. and Paudel, G.S. (2002) 'Farmland degradation in the mountains of Nepal: a study of watersheds "with" and "without" external intervention', Land Degradation and Development, 13(6): 479-93.
397. Thapa, P.J. (1997) 'Water-led development in Nepal: myths, limitations and rational concerns', Water Nepal, 5(1): 35-57.
398. Thompson, M. (1995) 'Policy-making in the face of uncertainty: the Himalayas as unknowns', in G.P. Chapman and M. Thomson (eds), Water and the Quest for Sustainable Development in the Ganges Valley, London: Mansell, pp. 25-38.
399. Thompson, M. and Warburton, M. (1985a) 'Uncertainty on a Himalayan scale', Mountain Research and Development, 5(2): 115-35.
400. Thompson, M. and Warburton, M. (1985b) 'Knowing where to hit it: a conceptual framework for the sustainable development of the Himalaya', Mountain Research and Development, 5(3): 203-20.
401. Thompson, M., Warburton, M. and Hatley, T. (1986) Uncertainty on a Himalayan Scale, London: Ethnographia.
402. Thorarinsson, S. (1960) 'Glaciological knowledge in Iceland before 1800', Jökull, 10: 1-14.
403. Tilman, H.W. (1952) Nepal Himalaya, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 126-7.
404. Timsina, N.P. (2003) 'Promoting social justice and conserving montane forest environments: a case study of Nepal's community forestry programme', Geographical Journal, 169(3): 236-42.
405. Tiwari, C.K. (2002) Published lecture presented to Williams College, Massachusetts, 1 March 2002.
406. Troll, C. (1972) 'The upper limit of aridity and the arid core of Central Asia', in C. Troll (ed.) Geoecology of the High-Mountain Regions of Eurasia, Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner Verlag GMBH, 237-43.
407. Tucker, R.P. (1983) 'The British colonial system and the forests of the Western Himalayas, 1815-1914', in R.P. Tucker and J.F. Richards (eds), Global Deforestation and the Nineteenth Century World Economy, Durham, NC, USA: Duke University Press.
408. Tucker, R.P. (1987) 'Dimensions of deforestation in the Himalaya: the historic setting', Mountain Research and Development, 7(3): 328-31.
409. Uhlig, H. (1995) 'Persistence and change in high mountain agricultural systems', Mountain Research and Development, 15(3): 199-212.
410. United Nations (2000) Usoi Landslide Dam and Lake Sarez: An Assessment of Hazard and Risk in the Pamir Mountains, Tajikistan, D. Alford and R. Shuster (eds), United Nations Publ., No. E.OO.III.M.1, International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (ISDR), Geneva, Switzerland.
411. UNEP (2001) State of the Environment, United Nations Environment Programme, Nepal.
412. UNICEF (1996) Atlas of South Asian Children and Women, Kathmandu: UNICEF Regional Office.
413. Valdiya, K.S. (1985) 'Accelerated erosion and landslide-prone zones in the Himalayan region', in J.S. Singh (ed.), Environmental Regeneration in Himalayas: Concepts and Strategies, Central Himalayan Environment Association., Nainital, UP, India.
414. Valdiya, K.S. (1987) Environmental Geology: Indian Context, New Delhi: Tata-McGraw-Hill.
415. Valdiya, K.S. (1992) 'Must we have high dams in the geodynamically active Himalayan domain?', Current Science, 63: 280-96.
416. Valdiya, K.S. (1993a) 'High dams in the Himalaya: environmental implication', Proceedings, Indian National Science Academy, 59A(1): 133-55.
417. Valdiya, K.S. (1993b) 'Tectonics of the Himalaya and recent crustal movements: an overview', in V.K. Gaur (ed.), Earthquake Hazard and Large Dams in the Himalaya, New Delhi: Indian National Trust for Art and Cultural Heritage (INTACH), pp. 1-34.
418. Valdiya, K.S. (1998) Dynamic Himalaya, Hyderabad: Universities Press (India).
419. Valdiya, K.S. and Bartarya, S.K. (1991) 'Hydrogeological studies of springs in the catchment of the Gaula River, Kumaun Lesser Himalaya, India', Mountain Research and Development, 11(3): 239-58.
420. Virgo, K.J. and Subba, K.J. (1994) 'Land-use change between 1978 and 1990 in Dhankuta District, Koshi Hills, Eastern Nepal', Mountain Research and Development, 14(2): 159-70.
421. Vuichard, D. and Zimmermann, M. (1986) 'The Langmoche flash-flood, Khumbu Himal, Nepal', Mountain Research and Development, 6(1): 90-4.
422. Vuichard, D. and Zimmermann, M. (1987) 'The catastrophic drainage of a moraine-dammed lake, Khumbu Himal, Nepal: cause and consequences', Mountain Research and Development, 7(2): 91-110.
423. Wagner, A. (1981) 'Rock structure and slope stability study of Walling area, central west Nepal', Journal Nepal Geol. Soc., 1(2): 37-43.
424. Wagner, A. (1983) 'The principal geological factors leading to landslides in the foothills of Nepal: a statistical study of 100 landslides; steps for mapping the risks of landslides', Helvetas/Swiss Technical Cooperation/ITECHO, Kathmandu.
425. Ward, F. Kingdon (1973) Land of the Blue Poppy: Travels of a Naturalist in Eastern Tibet, London: Minerva Press.
426. Watanabe, T, Ives, J.D. and Hammond, J.E. (1994) 'Rapid growth of a glacial lake in Khumbu Himal, Nepal: prospects for a catastrophic flood', Mountain Research and Development, 14(4): 329-40.
427. Watanabe, T., Kameyama, S. and Sato, T. (1995) 'Imja Glacier dead-ice melt rates and changes in a supra-glacial lake, 1989-1994, Khumbu Himal, Nepal: danger of lake drainage', Mountain Research and Development, 15(4): 293-300.
428. Watanabe, T. and Rothacher, D. (1996) 'The 1994 Lugge Tsho glacier lake outburst flood, Bhutan Himalaya', Mountain Research and Development, 16(1): 77-81.
429. Webster, P.J. (1987) 'The variable and interactive monsoon', in J.S. Fein and P.L. Stephens (eds), Monsoons, New York: John Wiley and Sons, pp. 269-330.
430. White, J.C. (1990) Sikkim and Bhutan, New Delhi: A. Sagar Book House.
431. Winkley, B.R., Lesleighter, E.J. and Cooney, J.R. (1994) 'Instability problems of the Arial Khan River, Bangladesh', in S.A. Schumm and B.R. Winkley, (eds), The Variability of Large Alluvial Rivers, New York: American Society of Civil Engineering Press, pp. 269-84.
432. Wohl, E.E. (ed.) (2000) Inland Flood Hazards: Human, Riparian and Aquatic Communities, Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
433. World Bank (1979) Nepal: Development Performance and Prospects, A World Bank Country Study, South Asia Regional Office, World Bank, Washington, DC.
434. World Resources Institute (1985) 'Tropical forests: A call to action', Report of an international task force convened by the World Resources Institute, the World Bank and the United Nations Development Programme, Washington DC: WRI.
435. WTTC (1999) Travel and Tourism's Economic Perspective, Brussels: World Travel and Tourism Council.
436. Wu, K. and Thornes, J.B. (1995) 'Terrace irrigation of mountainous hill slopes in the Middle Hills of Nepal: stability and instability', in G.P. Chapman and M. Thompson (eds) Water and the Quest for Sustainable Development in the Ganges Valley, London and New York: Mansell, pp. 41-63.
437. Wymann, S. (1991) 'Landnutzungsintensivierung und Bodenfruchtbarkeit im nepalischen Hugelgebeit Unveroff', unpublished doctoral thesis, University of Berne, Switzerland.
438. Xu, D. (1985) 'Characteristics of debris flows caused by outburst of glacial lake in Boqu River, in Xizang, China, 1981', unpublished manuscript, Institute of Glaciology and Cryopedology, Academia Sinica: Lanzhou.
439. Yablokov, A. (2001) 'The tragedy of Khait: a natural disaster in Tajikistan', Mountain Research and Development, 21(1): 91-3.
440. Yamada, T. (1998) 'Glacier lake and its outburst flood in the Nepal Himalaya', Tokyo, Japanese Society of Snow and Ice, Monograph No. 1.
441. Yoshino, M.M. (1980) 'Local climatological differences between highlands and lowlands in Thailand', in J.D. Ives, S. Sabhasri and P. Voraurai (eds), Conservation and Development in Northern Thailand, NRTS-3/UNUP-77: 63-74, Tokyo: United Nations University Press.
442. Zeitler, P.K., Johnson, N.M., Naeser, C.W. and Tahirkhedi, R.A.K. (1982) 'Fission-track evidence for Quaternary uplift of the Nanga Parbat region, Pakistan', Nature, 298: 255-7.
443. Zimmermann, M., Bichsel, M. and Kienholz, H. (1986) 'Mountain hazards mapping in the Khumbu Himal, Nepal', Mountain Research and Development, 6(1): 29-40.
444. Zinke, P.J., Sabhasri, S. and Kunstadter, P. (1978) 'Soil fertility aspects of a Lua forest fallow system of shifting cultivation', in P. Kunstadter, E.C. Chapman and S. Sabhasri (eds), Farmers in the Forest, Honolulu: University Press of Hawaii, pp. 134-59.
445. Zomer, R., Ustin, S. and Carpenter, C. (2001) 'Land use/cover change along tropical and subtropical riparian corridors within the Makalu Barun National Park and Conservation Area, Nepal', Mountain Research and Development, 21(2): 175-83.
446. Zurick, D.N. (1990) 'Traditional knowledge and conservation as a basis for development in a West Nepal village', Mountain Research and Development, 10(1): 23-33.
447. Zurick, D.N. (1995) Errant Journeys: Adventure Travel in a Modern Age, Austin, Texas: University of Texas Press.
448. Zurick, D. and Karan, P.P. (1999) Himalaya: Life on the Edge of the World, Baltimore, USA: Johns Hopkins University Press.