How Economists Model the World into Numbers

How Economists Model the World into Numbers

Volumn , Issue , 2004, Pages 1-206

  Boumans, Marcel ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF AMSTERDAM   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84909039894     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.4324/9780203324073     Document Type: Book

References (338)

1. Aczél, J. (1966) Lectures on Functional Equations and Their Applications, New York:Academic Press.
2. Adelman, I. (1968) 'Simulation: economic processes', in D.L. Sills (ed.) International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences, vol. 14, New York: Macmillan and The Free Press.
3. Adelman, I. and Adelman, F.L. (1959) 'The dynamic properties of the Klein-Goldberger model', Econometrica, 27: 596-625.
4. Aftalion, A. (1927) 'The theory of economic cycles based on the capitalistic technique of production', Review of Economic Statistics, 9: 165-70.
5. Alberts, G. (1998) Jaren van berekening, toepassingsgerichte initiatieven in de Nederlandse wiskundebeoefening 1945-1960, Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press.
6. Aldrich, J. (1989) 'Autonomy', in N. de Marchi and C. Gilbert (eds) History and Methodology of Econometrics, Oxford: Clarendon Press.
7. Aldrich, J. (1994) 'Haavelmo's identification theory', Econometric Theory, 10: 198-219.
8. Allais, M. (1968) 'Irving Fisher', in D.L. Sills (ed.) International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences, vol. 5, New York: Macmillan and The Free Press.
9. Allen, R.L. (1993) Irving Fisher, A Biography, Cambridge, MA: Blackwell.
10. Anderson, T.W. (1950) 'Estimation of the parameters of a single equation by the limitedinformation maximum-likelihood method', in T.C. Koopmans (ed.) Statistical Inference in Dynamic Economic Models, Cowles Commission monograph 10, New York: Wiley.
11. Anderson, T.W. and Rubin, H. (1949) 'Estimation of the parameter of a single stochastic difference equation in a complete system', Annals of Mathematical Statistics, 20: 46-63.
12. Ando, A. (1963) 'Introduction', in A. Ando, F.M. Fisher and H.A. Simon, Essays on the Structure of Social Science Models, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
13. Ando, A. (1979) 'On the contributions of Herbert A. Simon to economics', Scandinavian Journal of Economics, 21: 83-93.
14. Arrow, K.J. (1960) 'The work of Ragnar Frisch, econometrician', Econometrica, 28: 175-92.
15. Arrow, K.J. (1992) 'I know a hawk from a handsaw', in M. Szenberg (ed.) Eminent Economists: Their Life Philosophies, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
16. Bell, W. (1984) 'Signal extraction for nonstationary time series', Annals of Statistics, 12:646-64.
17. Belmann, R. and Cooke, K. (1963) Differential-Difference Equations, New York: Academic Press.
18. BIPM (1998) The International System of Units, 7th edn, Sèvres: Bureau International des Poids et Mesures.
19. Bogen, J. and Woodward, J. (1988) 'Saving the phenomena', Philosophical Review, 97:303-52.
20. Boland, L.A. (1979) 'A critique of Friedman's critics', Journal of Economic Literature, 17: 503-22.
21. Boltzmann, L. [1892] 'Über die Methoden der theoretischen Physik', in W. Dyck (ed.) Katalog Mathematischer und Mathematisch-Physikalischer Modelle, Apparate und Instrumente, München: Wolf; reprinted as 'On the method of theoretical physics', in B. McGuinness (ed.) (1974) Theoretical Physics and Philosophical Problems, Dordrecht: Reidel.
22. Boltzmann, L. [1899a] 'On the development of the methods of theoretical physics in recent times', in B. McGuinness (ed.) (1974) Theoretical Physics and Philosophical Problems, Dordrecht: Reidel.
23. Boltzmann, L. [1899b] 'On the fundamental principles and equations of mechanics', in B. McGuinness (ed.) (1974) Theoretical Physics and Philosophical Problems, Dordrecht: Reidel.
24. Boltzmann, L. (1902a) 'Model', in Encyclopaedia Britannica, 10th edn, vol. 30, London:The Times Printing House; reprinted in B. McGuinness (ed.) (1974) Theoretical Physics and Philosophical Problems, Dordrecht: Reidel.
25. Boltzmann, L. [1902b] 'On the principles of mechanics', in B. McGuinness (ed.) (1974) Theoretical Physics and Philosophical Problems, Dordrecht: Reidel.
26. Boltzmann, L. (1912) 'Anmerkungen', in L. Boltzmann (ed.) Faradays Kraftlinien von J.C. Maxwell, Leipzig: Engelmann.
27. Borel, E. (1915) 'Molecular theories and mathematics', The Rice Institute Pamphlet, 1:163-93.
28. Bos, H.J.M. (2001) Redefining Geometrical Exactness: Descartes' Transformation of the Early Modern Concept of Construction, New York: Springer.
29. Boulding, K.J. (1948) Economic Analysis, revised edn, New York: Harper.
30. Boumans, M. (1993) 'Paul Ehrenfest and Jan Tinbergen: a case of limited physics transfer', in N. de Marchi (ed.) Non-Natural Social Science: Reflecting on the Enterprise of More Heat than Light, Durham: Duke University Press.
31. Boumans, M. (1995) 'Frisch on testing of business cycle theories', Journal of Econometrics, 67: 129-47.
32. Boumans, M. (1999) 'Built-in justification', in M.S. Morgan and M. Morrison (eds) Models as Mediators, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
33. Boumans, M. (2001) 'Fisher's instrumental approach to index numbers', in J.L. Klein and M.S. Morgan (eds) The Age of Economic Measurement, Durham: Duke University Press.
34. Boumans, M. and Morgan, M.S. (2001) 'Ceteris paribus conditions: materiality and the applications of economic theories', Journal of Economic Methodology, 8: 11-26.
35. Bracey, R.J. (1960) The Technique of Optical Instrument Design, London: English University Press.
36. Bullock, C.J., Persons, W.M. and Crum, W.L. (1927) 'The construction and interpretation of the Harvard index of business conditions', Review of Economic Statistics, 9: 74-92.
37. Bumstead, H.A. [1906] (1961) 'Biographical sketch', in H.A. Bumstead and R. Gibbs Van Name (eds) The Scientific Papers of J. Willard Gibbs, New York: Dover.
38. Burns, A.F. and Mitchell, W.C. (1946) Measuring Business Cycles, New York: National Bureau of Economic Research.
39. Cannon, S.F. (1978) Science in Culture: The Early Victorian Period, New York: Dawson and Science History Publications.
40. Cartwright, N. (1983) How the Laws of Physics Lie, Oxford: Clarendon Press.
41. Cartwright, N. (1991) 'Replicability, reproducibility, and robustness: comments on Harry Collins', History of Political Economy, 23: 143-55.
42. Cartwright, N. (1999) The Dappled World. A Study of the Boundaries of Science, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
43. Chang, H. (2001) 'Spirit, air, and quicksilver: the search for the "real" scale of temperature', Historical Studies in the Physical and Biological Sciences, 31: 249-84.
44. Chao, H.-K. (2002) 'Representation and structure: the methodology of econometric models of consumptions', PhD Thesis, University of Amsterdam.
45. Chipman, J.S., Hurwicz, L., Richter, M.K. and Sonnenschein, H.F. (eds) (1971) Preferences, Utility, and Demand, New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.
46. Christ, C.F. (1951) 'A test of an econometric model for the United States, 1921-1947', in Conference on Business Cycles, New York: National Bureau of Economic Research.
47. Christ, C.F. (1952) 'History of the Cowles Commission 1932-1952', in Economic Theory and Measurement, Chicago: Cowles Commission for Research in Economics.
48. Christ, C.F. (1994) 'The Cowles Commission's contributions to econometrics at Chicago, 1939-1955', Journal of Economic Literature, 32: 30-59.
49. Cogley, T. and Nason, J.M. (1995) 'Effects of the Hodrick-Prescott filter on trend and difference stationary time series: implications for business cycle research', Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, 19: 253-78.
50. Collins, H.M. (1991) 'The meaning of replication and the science of economics', History of Political Economy, 23: 123-42.
51. Comim, F. (2001) 'Richard Stone and measurement criteria for national accounts', in J.L. Klein and M.S. Morgan (eds) The Age of Economic Measurement, Durham: Duke University Press.
52. Cooley, T.F. and Prescott, E.C. (1995) 'Economic growth and business cycles', in T.F. Cooley (ed.) Frontiers of Business Cycle Research, Princeton: Princeton University Press.
53. Cornwall, J. (1958) 'Economic implications of the Klein and Goldberger model', Econometrica, 26: 621.
54. Cowles Commission (1952) Economic Theory and Measurement, Chicago: Cowles Commission for Research in Economics.
55. Cournot, A.A. [1838] (1971) Researches into the Mathematical Principles of the Theory of Wealth, trans. N.T. Bacon, New York: Augustus M. Kelley.
56. Cukierman, A. and Wachtel, P. (1979) 'Differential inflationary expectations and the variability of the rate of inflation: theory and evidence', American Economic Review, 69: 595-609.
57. Dawkins, C., Srinivasan, T.N. and Whalley, J. (2001) 'Calibration', in J.J. Heckman and E.E. Leamer (eds) Handbook of Econometrics, vol. 5, Amsterdam: Elsevier.
58. Dawson, R.E. (1962) 'Simulation in the social sciences', in H. Guetzkow (ed.) Simulation in Social Science: Readings, Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
59. De Marchi, N. and Gilbert, C. (1989) 'Introduction', in N. de Marchi and C. Gilbert (eds) History and Methodology of Econometrics, Oxford: Clarendon Press.
60. De Regt, H.W. (1999) 'Ludwig Boltzmann's Bildtheorie and scientific understanding', Synthese, 119: 113-34.
61. Diewert, W.E. (1998) 'Index numbers', in J. Eatwell, M. Milgate and P. Newman (eds) The New Palgrave: A Dictionary of Economics, London: Macmillan.
62. Duhem, P. (1954) The Aim and Structure of Physical Theory, trans. P.P. Wiener, Princeton:Princeton University Press.
63. Dusenberry, J.S., Fromm, G., Klein, L.R. and Kuh, E. (eds) (1965) The Brookings Quarterly Econometric Model of the United States, Chicago: Rand McNally.
64. Edgeworth, F.Y. (1887, 1888) 'Report on the best methods of ascertaining and measuring variations in the value of the monetary standard', Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science, 1887: 247-301, 1888: 181-209.
65. Ehrenfest, P. and Ehrenfest, T. (1912) 'Begriffliche Grundlagen der statistischen Auffassung in der Mechanik', in F. Klein and C. Müller (eds) Encyklopädie der Mathematischen Wissenschaften, vol. 4:2:2 no. 6, Leipzig: Teubner; reprinted in The Conceptual Foundations of the Statistical Approach in Mechanics (1990), trans. M.J. Moravcsik, New York: Dover.
66. Eichhorn, W. (1973) 'Zur axiomatischen Theorie des Preisindex', Demonstratio Mathematica, 6: 561-73.
67. Eichhorn, W. (1976) 'Fisher's tests revisited', Econometrica, 44: 247-55.
68. Eichhorn, W. (1978) 'What is an economic index? An attempt of an answer', in W. Eichhorn, R. Henn, O. Opitz and R.W. Shephard (eds) Theory and Applications of Economic Indices, Würzburg: Physica-Verlag.
69. Eichhorn, W. and Voeller, J. (1976) Theory of the Price Index, Berlin: Springer-Verlag.
70. Einstein, A. (1954) 'On the method of theoretical physics', in Ideas and Opinions, New York: Crown Trade Paperbacks.
71. Ellis, B. (1968) Basic Concepts of Measurement, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
72. Elzas, M.S. (1984) 'System paradigms as reality mappings', in T.I. Ören, B.P. Zeigler and M.S. Elzas (eds) Simulation and Model-Based Methodologies: An Integrative View, Berlin: Springer-Verlag.
73. Fair, R.C. (1992) 'The Cowles Commission approach, real business cycle theories, and New Keynesian economics', Working Paper 3990, Cambridge: National Bureau of Economic Research.
74. Fechner, G.T. (1858) 'Das psychischen Mass', Zeitschrift für Philosophie und philosophische Kritik, 32: 1-24.
75. Fechner, G.T. (1887) 'Über die psychischen Massprincipien und das Weber'sche Gesetz', Philosophische Studien, 4: 161-230.
76. Ferguson, E.S. (1992) Engineering and the Mind's Eye, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
77. Finkelstein, L. (1975) 'Fundamental concepts of measurement: definition and scales', Measurement and Control, 8: 105-10.
78. Finkelstein, L. (1982) 'Theory and philosophy of measurement', in P.H. Sydenham (ed.) Handbook of Measurement Science, Volume 1: Theoretical Fundamentals, Chichester:Wiley.
79. Fisher, I. (1890) 'Mathematical contribution to philosophy; attacking Kant's theory of geometrical axioms', unpublished manuscript, Fisher's Archives, Yale University.
80. Fisher, I. (1903) 'A new tent for the treatment of tuberculosis', Journal of the American Medical Association, 26: 1576-7.
81. Fisher, I. (1906) 'A new method for indicating food values', American Journal of Physiology, 15: 417-32.
82. Fisher, I. (1917) 'The "ratio" chart, for plotting statistics', Quarterly Publications of the American Statistical Association, 15: 577-601.
83. Fisher, I. (1921) 'The best form of index number', Quarterly Publication of the American Statistical Association, 17: 533-7.
84. Fisher, I. [1892] (1925) Mathematical Investigations in the Theory of Value and Prices, New Haven: Yale University Press.
85. Fisher, I. (1930) 'The application of mathematics to the social sciences', Journal of the American Statistical Association, 36: 225-43.
86. Fisher, I. (1939) 'A three-dimensional representation of the factors of production and their remuneration, marginally and residually', Econometrica, 7: 304-11.
87. Fisher, I. (1943) 'A world map on a regular icosahedron by gnomonic projection', Geographical Review, 33: 605-19.
88. Fisher, I. [1911] (1963) The Purchasing Power of Money: its determination and relation to Credit, Interest and Crises, 2nd rev. edn, New York: Kelley.
89. Fisher, I. [1922] (1967) The Making of Index Numbers: A Study of Their Varieties, Tests, and Reliability, 3rd rev. edn, New York: Kelley.
90. Fisher, I. (1997) The Works of Irving Fisher, vol. 13, W.J. Barber (ed.), London: Pickering and Chatto.
91. Fisher, I. and Miller, O.M. (1944) World Maps and Globes, New York: Essential Books.
92. Fleischhacker, L. (1992) 'Mathematical abstraction, idealisation and intelligibility in science', in C. Dilworth (ed.) Idealization IV: Intelligibility in Science, Amsterdam and Atlanta, GA: Rodopi.
93. Franklin, A. (1986) The Neglect of Experiment, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
94. Franklin, A. (1997) 'Calibration', Perspectives on Science, 5: 31-80.
95. Friedman, M. (1940) 'Business cycles in the United States of America, 1919-1932. By Jan Tinbergen. Vol. II', American Economic Review, 30: 657-60.
96. Friedman, M. (1949) 'The Marshallian demand curve', Journal of Political Economy, 57:463-95.
97. Friedman, M. (1951) 'Comment', in Conference on Business Cycles, New York: National Bureau of Economic Research.
98. Friedman, M. (1953) 'The methodology of positive economics', in Essays in Positive Economics, Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press.
99. Friedman, M. and Schwartz, A.J. (1963) A Monetary History of the United States, 1867-1960, New York: Princeton University Press.
100. Frisch, R. (1930) 'Necessary and sufficient conditions regarding the form of an index number which shall meet certain of Fisher's tests', Journal of the American Statistical Association, 25: 397-406.
101. Frisch, R. (1933a) 'Editorial', Econometrica, 1: 1-4.
102. Frisch, R. (1933b) 'Propagation problems and impulse problems in dynamic economics', in Economic Essays in Honour of Gustav Cassel, London: Allen and Unwin.
103. Frisch, R. (1934) 'Reply to Mr. Subramanian's note', Journal of the American Statistical Association, 29: 317.
104. Frisch, R. (1936) 'Annual survey of general economic theory: the problem of index numbers', Econometrica, 4: 1-38.
105. Frisch, R. (1948) 'Repercussion studies at Oslo', American Economic Review, 38: 367-72.
106. Frisch, R. [1926] (1971) 'On a problem in pure economics', in J.S. Chipman, L. Hurwicz, M.K. Richter and H.F. Sonnenschein (eds) Preferences, Utility, and Demand, New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.
107. Frisch, R. [1938] (1995) 'Statistical versus theoretical relations in economic macrodynamics', in D.F. Hendry and M.S. Morgan (eds) The Foundations of Econometric Analysis, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
108. Frisch, R. and Holme, H. (1935) 'The characteristic solutions of a mixed difference and differential equation occurring in economic dynamics', Econometrica, 3: 225-39.
109. Froyen, R.T. and Waud, R.N. (1980) 'Further international evidence on output-inflation tradeoffs', American Economic Review, 70: 409-21.
110. Gibbs, J.W. [1902] (1960) Elementary Principles in Statistical Mechanics, Developed with Special Reference to the Rational Foundation of Thermodynamics, New York:Dover.
111. Gibbs, J.W. [1873] (1961) The Scientific Papers of J. Willard Gibbs, H.A. Bumstead and R. Gibbs Van Name (eds), New York: Dover.
112. Giere, R.N. (1999) 'Using models to represent reality', in L. Magnani, N.J. Nersessian and P. Thagard (eds) Model-Based Reasoning in Scientific Discovery, New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum.
113. Girshick, M.A. and Haavelmo, T. (1953) 'Statistical analysis of the demand for food:examples of simultaneous estimation of structural equations', in W.C. Hood and T.C. Koopmans (eds) Studies in Econometric Method, Cowles Commission monograph 14, New York: Wiley.
114. Goldberger, A.S. (1958) 'Properties of an econometric model of the United States', Econometrica, 26: 620.
115. Goodwin, R. (1948) 'Secular and cyclical aspects of the multiplier and the accelerator', in L.A. Metzler (ed.) Income, Employment and Public Policy: Essays in Honor of Alvin H. Hansen, New York: Norton.
116. Gouriéroux, C. and Monfort, A. (1996) Simulation-Based Econometric Methods, Oxford:Oxford University Press.
117. Granger, C.W.J. (1999) Empirical Modeling in Economics: Specification and Evaluation, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
118. Gregory, A.W. and Smith, G.W. (1990) 'Calibration as estimation', Econometric Reviews, 9: 57-89.
119. Gregory, A.W. and Smith, G.W. (1991) 'Calibration as testing: inference in simulated macroeconomic models', Journal of Business and Economic Statistics, 9: 297-303.
120. Gregory, A.W. and Smith, G.W. (1993) 'Statistical aspects of calibration in macroeconomics', in G.S. Maddala, C.R. Rao and H.D. Vinod (eds) Handbook of Statistics, vol. 11, Amsterdam: North-Holland.
121. Guala, F. (1999) 'The problem of external validity (or "parallelism") in experimental economics', Social Science Information, 38: 555-73.
122. Haavelmo, T. (1940) 'The inadequacy of testing dynamic theory by comparing theoretical solutions and observed cycles', Econometrica, 8: 312-21.
123. Haavelmo, T. (1944) 'The probability approach in econometrics', supplement to Econometrica, 12.
124. Haavelmo, T. (1950) 'Remarks on Frisch's confluence analysis and its use in econometrics', in T.C. Koopmans (ed.) Statistical Inference in Dynamic Economic Models, Cowles Commission monograph 10, New York: Wiley.
125. Hacche, G. (1979) The Theory of Economic Growth: An Introduction, London: Macmillan Press.
126. Hammond, J.D. (1991) 'Alfred Marshall's methodology', Methodus, 3: 95-101.
127. Hanau, A. (1928) Die Prognose der Schweinepreise, Vierteljahrshefte zur Konjunkturforschung, Sonderheft 7.
128. Hanau, A. (1930) Die Prognose der Schweinepreise, Vierteljahrshefte zur Konjunkturforschung, Sonderheft 18.
129. Hands, D.W. (2001) Reflection without Rules: Economic Methodology and Contemporary Science Theory, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
130. Hansen, L.P. and Heckman, J.J. (1996) 'The empirical foundations of calibration', Journal of Economic Perspectives, 10: 87-104.
131. Harvey, A.C. and Jaeger, A. (1993) 'Detrending, stylized facts and the business cycle', Journal of Applied Econometrics, 8: 231-47.
132. Harvey, C.R. (1991) 'The term structure and world economic growth', Journal of Fixed Income, 1: 7-19.
133. Hausman, D.M. (1992) The Inexact and Separate Science of Economics, Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.
134. Heath, T.L. (1956) The Thirteen Books of Euclid's Elements, vol. 1, New York: Dover.
135. Heidelberger, M. (1993) 'Fechner's impact for measurement theory', Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 16: 146-8.
136. Heidelberger, M. (1994a) 'Alternative Interpretationen der Repräsentationstheorie der Messung', in G. Meggle and U. Wessels (eds) Proceedings of the 1st Conference 'Perspectives in Analytical Philosophy', Berlin and New York: Walter de Gruyter.
137. Heidelberger, M. (1994b) 'Three strands in the history of the representational theory of measurement', unpublished paper, Humboldt University, Berlin.
138. Helmholtz, H. von (1876, 1878) 'The origin and meaning of geometrical axioms', Mind, 1: 301-21, 3: 212-25.
139. Helmholtz, H. von (1887) 'Zählen und Messen, erkenntnis-theoretisch betrachtet', Philosophische Aufsätze: Eduard Zeller zu seinem fünfzig jährigen Doctor-Jubiläum gewidmet, Leipzig: Fues.
140. Hendry, D.F. and Morgan, M.S. (eds) (1995) The Foundations of Econometric Analysis, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
141. Hertz, H. [1899] (1956) The Principles of Mechanics Presented in a New Form, New York: Dover.
142. Hertz, H. [1893] (1962) Electric Waves, New York: Dover.
143. Hilbert, D. (1902) 'Mathematical problems, lecture delivered before the international congress of mathematicians at Paris in 1900', trans. M. Winston Newson, Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society, 8: 437-79.
144. Hirsch, A. and De Marchi, N. (1990) Milton Friedman: Economics in Theory and Practice, Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
145. Hodrick, R.J. and Prescott, E.C. (1997) 'Postwar U.S. business cycles: an empirical investigation', Journal of Money, Credit, and Banking, 29: 1-16.
146. Holton, G. (1973) Thematic Origins of Scientific Thought: Kepler to Einstein, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
147. Hood, W.C. and Koopmans, T.C. (eds) (1953) Studies in Econometric Method, Cowles Commission monograph 14, New York: Wiley.
148. Hoover, K.D. (1988) The New Classical Macroeconomics: A Sceptical Inquiry, Oxford:Basil Blackwell.
149. Hoover, K.D. (1994) 'Econometrics as observation: the Lucas critique and the nature of econometric inference', Journal of Economic Methodology, 1: 65-80.
150. Hoover, K.D. (1995a) 'The problem of macroeconometrics', in K.D. Hoover (ed.) Macroeconometrics: Developments, Tensions and Prospects, Boston: Kluwer.
151. Hoover, K.D. (1995b) 'Facts and artifacts: calibration and the empirical assessment of real-business-cycle models', Oxford Economic Papers, 47: 24-44.
152. Hoover, K.D. (2001) Causality in Macroeconomics, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
153. Hoover, K.D. (2002) 'Econometrics and reality', in U. Mäki (ed.) Fact and Fiction in Economics: Models, Realism and Social Construction, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
154. Hurd, C.C. (ed.) (1986) Annals of the History of Computing 8.1, special issue: IBM 650.
155. Israel, G. (1981) ' "Rigor" and "axiomatics" in modern mathematics', Fundamenta Scientiae, 2: 205-19.
156. IVM (1993) International Vocabulary of Basic and General Terms in Metrology, 2nd edn, Geneva: International Organization for Standardization.
157. Jaeger, A. (1994) 'Mechanical detrending by Hodrick-Prescott filtering: a note', Empirical Economics, 19: 493-500.
158. James, R.W. and Belz, M.H. (1936) 'On a mixed difference and differential equation', Econometrica, 4: 157-60.
159. James, R.W. and Belz, M.H. (1938a) 'The influence of distributed lags on Kalecki's theory of the trade cycle', Econometrica, 6: 159-62.
160. James, R.W. and Belz, M.H. (1938b) 'The significance of the characteristic solutions of mixed difference and differential equations', Econometrica, 6: 326-43.
161. Janik, A. and Toulmin, S. (1973) Wittgenstein's Vienna, New York: Simon and Schuster.
162. Jeffreys, H. (1948) Theory of Probability, 2nd edn, Oxford: Clarendon Press.
163. Jourdain, P.E.B. [1912] (1988) 'The nature of mathematics', in J.R. Newman (ed.) The World of Mathematics, vol. 1, Redmond: Tempus Books.
164. Kailath, T. (1974) 'A view of three decades of linear filtering theory', IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, IT-20: 146-81.
165. Kaldor, N. [1958] (1978) 'Capital accumulation and economic growth', in Further Essays on Economic Theory, London: Duckworth.
166. Kalecki, M. (1935) 'A macrodynamic theory of business cycles', Econometrica, 3: 327-44.
167. Kalecki, M. (1990) 'Essay on the business cycle theory', in J. Osiatynski (ed.) Collected Works of Michal Kalecki, Volume I: Capitalism, Business Cycles and Full Employment, Oxford: Clarendon.
168. Kalman, R.E. (1960) 'A new approach to linear filtering and prediction problems', Journal of Basic Engineering. Transactions of the ASME, 82: 35-45.
169. Karsten, K.G. (1924) 'The theory of quadrature in economics', Journal of the American Statistical Association, 19: 14-27.
170. Karsten, K.G. (1926) 'The Harvard business indexes -a new interpretation', Journal of the American Statistical Association, 21: 399-418.
171. Kendall, M.G. and Buckland, W.R. (1960) A Dictionary of Statistical Terms, Edinburgh and London: Oliver and Boyd.
172. Kendall, M.G. and Stuart, A. (1966) The Advanced Theory of Statistics, Volume 3: Design and Analysis, and Time-Series, London: Charles Griffin.
173. Keynes, J.M. (1911) 'Review of "The Purchasing Power of Money"', Economic Journal, 21: 393-8.
174. Keynes, J.M. (1936) The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money, London:Macmillan.
175. Keynes, J.M. (1939) 'Professor Tinbergen's method', Economic Journal, 49: 558-68.
176. Kim, J., De Marchi, N. and Morgan, M.S. (1995) 'Empirical model particularities and belief in the natural rate hypothesis', Journal of Econometrics, 67: 81-102.
177. Kim, K. and Pagan, A.R. (1995) 'The econometric analysis of calibrated macroeconomic models', in M.H. Pesaran and M.R. Wickens (eds) Handbook of Applied Econometrics, Oxford: Blackwell.
178. King, R.G. and Rebelo, S.T. (1993) 'Low frequency filtering and real business cycles', Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, 17: 207-31.
179. Klamer, A. (1984) The New Classical Macroeconomics: Conservations with the new Classical Economists and their Opponents, Brighton: Harvester Press.
180. Klein, J.L. (2001) 'Optimization and recursive residuals in the space age: Sputnik and the Kalman filter', unpublished paper, Mary Baldwin College.
181. Klein, J.L. (forthcoming) Engineering the Imperative Mood: The Wartime Nexus of Economics, Statistics, and Control Engineering.
182. Klein, L.R. (1950) Economic Fluctuations in the United States, 1921-1941. Cowles Commission monograph 11, New York: Wiley.
183. Klein, L.R. (1992) 'My professional life philosophy', in M. Szenberg (ed.) Eminent Economists: Their Life Philosophies, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
184. Klein, L.R. and Goldberger, A.S. (1955) An Econometric Model of the United States, 1929-1952, Amsterdam: North-Holland.
185. Klein, M.J. (1970) Paul Ehrenfest. Volume 1: The Making of a Theoretical Physicist, Amsterdam: North-Holland.
186. Kline, M. (1972) Mathematical Thought from Ancient to Modern Times, New York: Oxford University Press.
187. Kohli, M.C. (2001) 'Leontief and the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, 1941-54: developing a framework for measurement', in J.L. Klein and M.S. Morgan (eds) The Age of Economic Measurement, Durham: Duke University Press.
188. Koopmans, T.C. (1950) 'When is an equation system complete for statistical purposes?', in T.C. Koopmans (ed.) Statistical Inference in Dynamic Economic Models, Cowles Commission monograph 10, New York: Wiley.
189. Koopmans, T.C. and Hood, W.C. (1953) 'The estimation of simultaneous linear economic relationships', in W.C. Hood and T.C. Koopmans (eds) Studies in Econometric Method, Cowles Commission monograph 14, New York: Wiley.
190. Koopmans, T.C., Rubin, H. and Leipnik, R.B. (1950) 'Measuring the equation systems of dynamic economics', in T.C. Koopmans (ed.) Statistical Inference in Dynamic Economic Models, Cowles Commission monograph 10, New York: Wiley.
191. Krantz, D.H., Luce, R.D., Suppes, P. and Tversky, A. (1971) Foundations of Measurement, Volume 1: Additive and Polynomial Representations, New York: Academic Press.
192. Kydland, F.E. and Prescott, E.C. (1982) 'Time to build and aggregate fluctuations', Econometrica, 50: 1345-70.
193. Kydland, F.E. and Prescott, E.C. (1990) 'Business cycles: real facts and a monetary myth', Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis Quarterly Review, 14: 3-18.
194. Kydland, F.E. and Prescott, E.C. (1991) 'The econometrics of the general equilibrium approach to business cycles', Scandinavian Journal of Economics, 93: 161-78.
195. Kydland, F.E. and Prescott, E.C. (1996) 'The computational experiment: an econometric tool', Journal of Economic Perspectives, 10: 69-85.
196. Lakatos, I. (1976) Proofs and Refutations: The Logic of Mathematical Discovery, in J. Worrall and E. Zahar (eds), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
197. Lane, D.A. (1993) 'Artificial worlds and economics', Journal of Evolutionary Economics, 3: 89-107, 177-97.
198. Latour, B. (1986) 'Visualization and cognition: thinking with eyes and hands', Knowledge and Society, 6: 1-40.
199. Leeson, R. (ed.) (2000) A.W.H. Phillips: Collected Works in Contemporary Perspective, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
200. Littauer, S.B. (1950) 'Report of the New York meeting of the Institute', Annals of Mathematical Statistics, 21: 151-5.
201. Lucas, R.E. (1972) 'Econometric testing of the natural rate hypothesis', in O. Eckstein (ed.) The Econometrics of Price Determination, Washington, DC: Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System.
202. Lucas, R.E. (1973) 'Some international evidence on output-inflation tradeoffs', American Economic Review, 63: 326-34.
203. Lucas, R.E. (1976) 'Econometric policy evaluation: a critique', in K. Brunner and A.H. Meltzer (eds) The Phillips Curve and Labor Markets, Amsterdam: North-Holland.
204. Lucas, R.E. (1977) 'Understanding business cycles', in K. Brunner and A.H. Meltzer (eds) Stabilization of the Domestic and International Economy, Amsterdam: North-Holland.
205. Lucas, R.E. (1980) 'Methods and problems in business cycle theory', Journal of Money, Credit, and Banking, 12: 696-715.
206. Lucas, R.E. (1981) Studies in Business-Cycle Theory, Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
207. Lucas, R.E. (1987a) Models of Business Cycles, Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
208. Lucas, R.E. (1987b) 'Adaptive behavior and economic theory', in R.M. Hogarth and M.W. Reder (eds) Rational Choice: The Contrast between Economics and Psychology, Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
209. Lucas, R.E. (1988) 'On the mechanics of economic development', Journal of Monetary Economics, 22: 3-42.
210. Maas, H. (2001) 'An instrument can make a science: Jevons's balancing acts in economics', in M.S. Morgan and J. Klein (eds) The Age of Economic Measurement, Durham: Duke University Press.
211. Maas, H. (forthcoming a) 'Jevons, William Stanley', in K. Kempf-Leonard (ed.) Encyclopedia of Social Measurement, New York: Academic Press.
212. Maas, H. (forthcoming b) William Stanley Jevons and the Making of Modern Economics, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
213. Mach, E. (1896) Die Principien der Wärmelehre, Leipzig: Johan Ambrosius Barth.
214. Mach, E. [1896] (1966) 'Critique of the concept of temperature', in B. Ellis (1966) Basic Concepts of Measurement, trans. M.J. Scott-Taggart and B. Ellis, Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.
215. Machamer, P. (1998) 'Galileo's machines, his mathematics, and his experiments', in P. Machamer (ed.), The Cambridge Companion to Galileo, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
216. Machamer, P., Darden, L. and Craver, C.F. (2000) 'Thinking about mechanisms', Philosophy of Science, 67: 1-25.
217. Magnus, J.R. and Morgan, M.S. (1987) 'The ET interview: Professor J. Tinbergen', Econometric Theory, 3: 117-42.
218. Mäki, U. (1998a) 'Ceteris Paribus', in J.B. Davis, D.W. Hands and U. Mäki (eds) The Handbook of Economic Methodology, Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.
219. Mäki, U. (1998b) 'Realisticness', in J.B. Davis, D.W. Hands and U. Mäki (eds) The Handbook of Economic Methodology, Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.
220. Malinvaud, E. (1966) Statistical Methods of Econometrics, Amsterdam: North-Holland.
221. Marschak, J. (1934) 'The meeting of the Econometric Society in Leyden, September-October, 1933', Econometrica, 2: 187-203.
222. Marshall, A. (1920) Principles of Economics, 8th edn, London: Macmillan.
223. Marshall, A. [1898] (1925) 'Mechanical and biological analogies in economics', in A.C. Pigou (ed.) Memorials of Alfred Marshall, London: Macmillan.
224. Marshall, A.W. (1950a) 'A test of Klein's model III for changes of structure', Annals of Mathematical Statistics, 21: 141.
225. Marshall, A.W. (1950b) 'A test of Klein's model III for changes of structure', Econometrica, 18: 291.
226. Maxwell, J.C. [1855] (1965a) 'On Faraday's lines of force', in W.D. Niven (ed.) The Scientific Papers of James Clerk Maxwell, vol. I, New York: Dover.
227. Maxwell, J.C. [1861] (1965b) 'On physical lines of force', in W.D. Niven (ed.) The Scientific Papers of James Clerk Maxwell, vol. I, New York: Dover.
228. Maxwell, J.C. [1865] (1965c) 'A dynamical theory of the electromagnetic field', in W.D. Niven (ed.) The Scientific Papers of James Clerk Maxwell, vol. I, New York: Dover.
229. Maxwell, J.C. [1871] (1965d) 'On the mathematical classification of physical quantities', in W.D. Niven (ed.) The Scientific Papers of James Clerk Maxwell, vol. II, New York:Dover.
230. Maxwell, J.C. [1857] (1990) 'On the measurement of quantities', in P.M. Harman (ed.) The Scientific Letters and Papers of James Clerk Maxwell, vol. I, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
231. Mehrtens, H. (2004) 'Mathematical models', in S. de Chadarevian and N. Hopwood (eds) Models: The Third Dimension of Science, Stanford: Stanford University Press.
232. Michell, J. (1993) 'The origins of the representational theory of measurement: Helmholtz, Hölder, and Russell', Studies in History and Philosophy of Science, 24: 185-206.
233. Mirowski, P. (1990) 'Problems in the paternity of econometrics: Henry Ludwell Moore', History of Political Economy, 22: 587-609.
234. Mirowski, P. (2002) Machine Dreams: Economics Becomes a Cyborg Science, Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.
235. Mitchell, W.C. (1927) Business Cycles. The Problem and its Setting, New York: National Bureau of Economic Research.
236. Mitchell, W.C. (1951) What Happens During Business Cycles, New York: National Bureau of Economic Research.
237. Moore, H.L. (1908) 'The statistical complement of pure economics', Quarterly Journal of Economics, 23: 1-33.
238. Moore, H.L. (1929) Synthetic Economics, New York: Macmillan.
239. Morgan, M.S. (1988) 'Finding a satisfactory empirical model', in N. de Marchi (ed.) The Popperian Legacy in Economics, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
240. Morgan, M.S. (1990) The History of Econometric Ideas, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
241. Morgan, M.S. (1991) 'The stamping out of process analysis in econometrics', in N. de Marchi and M. Blaug (eds) Appraising Economic Theories: Studies in the Methodology of Research Programs, Aldershot: Edward Elgar.
242. Morgan, M.S. (1999) 'Learning from models', in M.S. Morgan and M. Morrison (eds) Models as Mediators, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
243. Morgan, M.S. (2002) 'Seeing the world in models', unpublished working paper, University of Amsterdam and London School of Economics.
244. Morgan, M.S. (2003a) 'Economics', in T.M. Porter and D. Ross (eds) The Cambridge History of Science, Vol. 7 The Modern Social Sciences, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
245. Morgan, M.S. (2003b) 'Experiments without material intervention: model experiments, virtual experiments and virtually experiments', in H. Radder (ed.) The Philosophy of Scientific Experimentation, Pittsburgh: Pittsburgh University Press.
246. Morgan, M.S. and Boumans, M. (2004) 'Secrets hidden by two-dimensionality: the economy as a hydraulic machine', in S. de Chadarevian and N. Hopwood (eds) Models:The Third Dimension of Science, Stanford: Stanford University Press.
247. Morrison, M. (1992a) 'Some complexities of experimental evidence', in D. Hull and M. Forbes (eds) Philosophy of Science Association Proceedings, vol. 1: 49-62.
248. Morrison, M. (1992b) 'A study in theory unification: the case of Maxwell's electromagnetic theory', Studies in History and Philosophy of Science, 23: 103-45.
249. Morrison, M. (1995) 'Scientific conclusions and philosophical arguments: an inessential tension', in J.Z. Buchwald (ed.) Scientific Practice: Theories and Stories of Doing Physics, Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
250. Morrison, M. (1999) 'Models as autonomous agents', in M.S. Morgan and M. Morrison (eds) Models as Mediators, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
251. Morrison, M. and Morgan, M.S. (1999) 'Models as mediating instruments', in M.S. Morgan and M. Morrison (eds) Models as Mediators, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
252. Musgrave, A. (1981) '"Unreal assumptions" in economic theory: the F-twist untwisted', Kyklos, 34: 377-87.
253. Nagel, E. (1961) The Structure of Science: Problems in the Logic of Scientific Explanation, London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.
254. Osiatynski, J. (ed.) (1990) Collected Works of Michal Kalecki, Volume I: Capitalism, Business Cycles and Full Employment, Oxford: Clarendon Press.
255. OED (1933) Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press.
256. Pagan, A. (1994) 'Introduction calibration and econometric research: an overview', Journal of Applied Econometrics, 9: S1-S10.
257. Persons, W.M. (1919) 'An index of general business conditions', Review of Economic Statistics, 1: 111-205.
258. Pfanzagl, J. (1968) Theory of Measurement, Würzburg: Physica-Verlag.
259. Phillips, A.W. and Fisher, I. (1896) Elements of Geometry, New York: American Book Company.
260. Polya, G. (1957) How To Solve It: A New Aspect of Mathematical Method, Princeton:Princeton University Press.
261. Popper, K.R. (1968) 'Epistemology without a knowing subject', in B. van Rootselaar and J.F. Staal (eds) Logic, Methodology and Philosophy of Science III, Amsterdam: North-Holland.
262. Prescott, E.C. (1986) 'Theory ahead of business cycle measurement', Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis Quarterly Review, 10: 9-22.
263. Prescott, E.C. (1998) 'Business cycle research: methods and problems', working paper, Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis.
264. Qin, D. (1993) The Formation of Econometrics: A Historical Perspective, Oxford:Clarendon Press.
265. Quah, D.T. (1995) 'Controversy; business cycle empirics: calibration and estimation', Economic Journal, 105: 1594-6.
266. 'Report of the New York meeting December 27-30, 1949' (1950) Econometrica, 18: 264-7.
267. Riemann, B. (1882) 'On the hypotheses which lie at the bases of geometry', trans. W.K. Clifford, in W.K. Clifford, Mathematical Papers, R. Tucker (ed.), London: Macmillan.
268. Roos, C.F. (1930) 'A mathematical theory of price and production fluctuations and economic crises', Journal of Political Economy, 38: 501-22.
269. Samuelson, P.A. (1952) 'Economic theory and mathematics -an appraisal', American Economic Review, Papers and Proceedings, 42: 56-66.
270. Samuelson, P.A. and Swamy, S. (1974) 'Invariant economic index numbers and canonical duality: survey and synthesis', American Economic Review, 64: 566-93.
271. Savage, C.W. and Ehrlich, P. (1992) 'A brief introduction to measurement theory and to the essays', in C.W. Savage and P. Ehrlich (eds) Philosophical and Foundational Issues in Measurement Theory, Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
272. Simon, H.A. (1951) 'Theory of automata', Econometrica, 19: 72.
273. Simon, H.A. (1953) 'Causal ordering and identifiability', in W.C. Hood and T.C. Koopmans (eds) Studies in Econometric Method, Cowles Commission monograph 14, New York:Wiley.
274. Simon, H.A. (1962) 'The architecture of complexity', Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, 106: 467-82.
275. Simon, H.A. (1968) 'On judging the plausibility of theories', in B. van Rootselaar and J.F. Staal (eds) Logic, Methodology and Philosophy of Science III, Amsterdam: North-Holland.
276. Simon, H.A. (1969) The Sciences of the Artificial, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
277. Simon, H.A. (1977) Models of Discovery, Dordrecht: Reidel.
278. Simon, H.A. (1984) 'On the behavioral and rational foundations of economic dynamics', Journal of Economic Behavior and Organizations, 5: 35-55.
279. Simon, H.A. and Ando, A. (1961) 'Aggregation of variables in dynamic systems', Econometrica, 29: 111-38.
280. Simon, H.A. and Iwasaki, Y. (1988) 'Causal ordering, comparative statics, near decomposability', Journal of Econometrics, 39: 149-73.
281. Slutzky, E. (1937) 'The summation of random causes as the source of cyclic processes', Econometrica, 5: 105-46.
282. Smith, V.L. (1982) 'Microeconomic systems as an experimental science', American Economic Review, 72: 923-55.
283. Snowdon, B., Vane, H. and Wynarczyk, P. (1994) A Modern Guide to Macroeconomics:An Introduction to Competing Schools of Thought, Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.
284. Solow, R.M. (1970) Growth Theory: An Exposition, Oxford: Clarendon Press.
285. Solow, R.M. (1997) 'How did economics get that way and what way did it get?', Dædalus, 126: 39-58.
286. Staehle, H. (1933) 'La réunion de la société d'econometrie, Lausanne, Septembre, 1931', Econometrica, 1: 73-86.
287. Staehle, H. (1937) 'Report of the fifth European meeting of the Econometric Society', Econometrica, 5: 87-102.
288. Stehling, F. (1993) 'Wolfgang Eichhorn and the art of model building', in W.E. Diewert, K. Spremann and F. Stehling (eds) Mathematical Modelling in Economics: Essays in Honor of Wolfgang Eichhorn, Berlin: Springer-Verlag.
289. Stevens, S.S. (1959) 'Measurement, psychophysics, and utility', in C.W. Churchman and P. Ratoosh (eds) Measurement: Definitions and Theories, New York: Wiley.
290. Swamy, S. (1934) 'On a certain conclusion of Frisch's', Journal of the American Statistical Association, 29: 316-7.
291. Swamy, S. (1940) 'Compatibility of Fisher's tests for index number formulae', Mathematics Student, 8: 124-7.
292. Swamy, S. (1965) 'Consistency of Fisher's tests', Econometrica, 33: 619-23.
293. Sydenham, P.H. (1979) Measuring Instruments: Tools of Knowledge and Control, London:Peter Peregrinus.
294. Sydenham, P.H. (1982) 'Measurements, models, and systems', in P.H. Sydenham (ed.) Handbook of Measurement Science, Volume 1: Theoretical Fundamentals, Chichester:Wiley.
295. Taylor, B.N. and Kuyatt, C.E. (1994) Guidelines for Evaluating and Expressing the Uncertainty of NIST Measurement Results, NIST Technical Note 1297, Gaithersburg:Physics Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology.
296. Thomson, W. [1884] (1987) 'Notes of lectures on molecular dynamics and the wave theory of light', in R. Kargon and P. Achinstein (eds) Kelvin's Baltimore Lectures and Modern Theoretical Physics, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
297. Tinbergen, J. (1927) 'Over de mathematies-statistiese methoden voor konjunktuuronderzoek', De Economist, 11: 711-23.
298. Tinbergen, J. (1928) 'Opmerkingen over ruilteorie', Socialistische Gids, 13: 431-45, 539-48.
299. Tinbergen, J. (1929a) Minimumproblemen in de Natuurkunde en de Ekonomie, Amsterdam:Paris.
300. Tinbergen, J. (1929b) 'Konjunkturforschung und Variationsrechnung', Archiv für Sozialwissenschaft und Sozialpolitik, 61: 533-41.
301. Tinbergen, J. (1930) 'Bestimmung und Deutung von Angebotskurven. Ein Beispiel', Zeitschrift für Nationalökonomie, 1: 669-79.
302. Tinbergen, J. (1931) 'Ein Schiffbauzyklus?', Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv, 34: 152-64.
303. Tinbergen, J. (1932) 'Ein Problem der Dynamik', Zeitschrift für Nationalökonomie, 3:169-84.
304. Tinbergen, J. (1933a) 'Het waarnemen van maatschappelijke verschijnselen', in De Uitdrukkingswijze der Wetenschap, Groningen: Noordhoff.
305. Tinbergen, J. (1933b) 'The notions of horizon and expectancy in dynamic economics', Econometrica, 1: 247-64.
306. Tinbergen, J. (1933c) 'L'utilisation des équations fonctionnelles et des nombres complexes dans les recherches économiques, Econometrica, 1: 36-51.
307. Tinbergen, J. (1933d) Statistiek en Wiskunde in Dienst van het Konjunktuuronderzoek, Amsterdam: Arbeiderspers.
308. Tinbergen, J. (1935a) 'Quantitative Fragen der Konjunkturpolitik', Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv, 42: 366-99.
309. Tinbergen, J. (1935b) 'Annual survey: suggestions on quantitative business cycle theory', Econometrica, 3: 241-308.
310. Tinbergen, J. (1936a) 'Kan hier te lande, al dan niet na overheidsingrijpen, een verbetering van de binnenlandse conjunctuur intreden, ook zonder verbetering van onze exportpositie?' in Prae-adviezen voor de Vereeniging voor de Staathuishoudkunde en de Statistiek, The Hague: Nijhoff.
311. Tinbergen, J. (1936b) 'Memorandum on the continuation of the League's business cycle research in a statistical direction', unpublished memorandum, Archive of the League of Nations, Geneva.
312. Tinbergen, J. (1937) An Econometric Approach to Business Cycle Problems, Paris:Hermann.
313. Tinbergen, J. (1939a) Statistical Testing of Business-Cycle Theories I: A Method and its Application to Investment Activity, Geneva: League of Nations.
314. Tinbergen, J. (1939b) Statistical Testing of Business-Cycle Theories II:P Business Cycles in the United States of America, Geneva: League of Nations.
315. Tinbergen, J. [1936] (1959) 'An economic policy for 1936', in L.H. Klaassen, L.M. Koyck and H.J. Witteveen (eds) Jan Tinbergen -Selected Papers, Amsterdam: North-Holland.
316. Tinbergen, J. (1988) 'Recollections of professional experiences', in J.A. Kregel (ed.) Recollections of Eminent Economists, vol. 1, Basingstoke: Macmillan.
317. Tinbergen, J. and Van Luytelaer, T. (1932) 'De koffievalorisaties: geschiedenis en resultaten', De Economist, 7/8: 517-38.
318. Tobin, J. (1987) 'Irving Fisher', in J. Eatwell, M. Milgate and P. Newman (eds) The New Palgrave: A Dictionary of Economics, London: Macmillan.
319. Turing, A.M. (1950) 'Computing machinery and intelligence', Mind, 59: 433-60.
320. Vinci, F. (1934) 'Significant developments in business cycle theory', Econometrica, 2:125-39.
321. Vining, D.R. and Elwertowski, T.C. (1976) 'The relationship between relative prices and the general price level', American Economic Review, 66: 699-708.
322. Vogt, A. and Barta, J. (1997) The Making of Tests for Index Numbers: Mathematical Methods of Descriptive Statistics, Heidelberg: Physica-Verlag.
323. von Neumann, J. (1961) 'The mathematician', in A.H. Taub (ed.) John von Neumann. Collected works, vol. 1, Oxford: Pergamon Press.
324. von Neumann, J. [1951] (1963) 'The general and logical theory of automata', in A.H. Taub (ed.) John von Neumann. Collected works, vol. 5, Oxford: Pergamon Press.
325. Vriend, N.J. (1995) 'Self-organization of markets: an example of a computational approach', Computational Economics, 8: 205-31.
326. Wald, A. (1937) 'Zur Theorie der Preisindexziffern', Zeitschrift für Nationalökonomie, 8:179-219.
327. Watson, M.W. (1993) 'Measures of fit for calibrated models', Journal of Political Economy, 101: 1011-41.
328. Weintraub, E.R. (1998) 'From rigor to axiomatics: the marginalization of Griffith C. Evans', in M.S. Morgan and M. Rutherford (eds) From Interwar Pluralism to Postwar Neoclassicim, Durham: Duke University Press.
329. Weintraub, E.R. (2001) 'Measurement, and changing images of mathematical knowledge', in J.L. Klein and M.S. Morgan (eds) The Age of Economic Measurement, Durham:Duke University Press.
330. Weintraub, E.R. (2002) How Economics Became a Mathematical Science, Durham: Duke University Press.
331. Williams, T.I. (1982) A Biographical Dictionary of Scientists, London: Black.
332. Woodward, J. (1989) 'Data and phenomena', Synthese, 79: 393-472.
333. Woodward, J. (2000) 'Explanation and invariance in the special sciences', British Journal for the Philosophy of Science, 51: 197-254.
334. Zambelli, S. (1992) 'The wooden horse that wouldn't rock: reconsidering Frisch', in K. Velupillai (ed.) Nonlinearities, Disequilibria and Simulation, Basingstoke: Macmillan.
335. Zellner, A. (1979) 'Statistical analysis of econometric models', Journal of the American Statistical Association, 74: 628-43.
336. Zellner, A. (1988) 'Causality and causal laws in economics', Journal of Econo metrics, 39: 7-21.
337. Zellner, A. (1994) 'Time-series analysis, forecasting and econometric modelling: the structural econometric modelling, time-series analysis (SEMTSA) approach', Journal of Forecasting, 13: 215-33.
338. Zellner, A. (2001) 'Keep it sophisticatedly simple', in A. Zellner, H.A. Keuzenkamp and M. McAleer (eds) Simplicity, Inference and Modelling, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.