Current levels and composition profiles of emerging halogenated flame retardants and dehalogenated products in sewage sludge from municipal wastewater treatment plants in China

Environmental Science and Technology

Volumn 48, Issue 21, 2014, Pages 12586-12594

  Zeng, Lixi ^a,b,c   Yang, Ruiqiang ^a   Zhang, Qinghua ^a   Zhang, Haidong ^a   Xiao, Ke ^a   Zhang, Haiyan ^a   Wang, Yawei ^a   Lam, Paul K S ^c   Jiang, Guibin ^a  

^a RESEARCH CENTER FOR ECO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES   (China)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CHINESE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES   (China)

^c CITY UNIVERSITY OF HONG KONG   (Hong Kong)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ETHANE; HALOGENATION; ORGANIC CARBON; PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS; SEWAGE PUMPING PLANTS; SEWAGE SLUDGE; SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANTS; WASTEWATER TREATMENT; WATER TREATMENT PLANTS;

BROMINATED FLAME RETARDANTS (BFRS); COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS; DECABROMODIPHENYL ETHANE; HALOGENATED FLAME RETARDANT; HEXABROMOCYCLODODECANES; MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANTS; PRINCIPAL COMPONENTS ANALYSIS; WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANTS;

FLAME RETARDANTS;

BROMINE; FLAME RETARDANT; HEXABROMOCYCLODODECANE; QUATERNARY AMMONIUM DERIVATIVE; BROMINATED HYDROCARBON; CHLORINATED HYDROCARBON; DECHLORANE PLUS; POLYCYCLIC HYDROCARBON; SEWAGE; WASTE WATER; WATER POLLUTANT;

BIODEGRADATION; CHEMICAL COMPOSITION; CONCENTRATION (COMPOSITION); ETHANE; HALOGEN; HEALTH RISK; ORGANIC COMPOUND; ORGANIC POLLUTANT; SEWAGE; SLUDGE; WASTEWATER; WATER TREATMENT;

ALUMINUM FOIL; ARTICLE; BIOTRANSFORMATION; CHINA; DEGRADATION; ION MONITORING; IONIZATION; PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS; QUALITY CONTROL; SLUDGE; TOTAL ORGANIC CARBON; WASTE WATER; WASTE WATER MANAGEMENT; ANALYSIS; CHEMISTRY; ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING; SEWAGE; WATER POLLUTANT;

CHINA;

CHINA; ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING; FLAME RETARDANTS; HYDROCARBONS, BROMINATED; HYDROCARBONS, CHLORINATED; POLYCYCLIC COMPOUNDS; SEWAGE; WASTE WATER; WATER POLLUTANTS, CHEMICAL;

EID: 84908592903     PISSN: 0013936X     EISSN: 15205851     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/es503510q     Document Type: Article

References (69)

1. Salamova, A.; Hites, R. A. Brominated and chlorinated flame retardants in tree bark from around the globe Environ. Sci. Technol. 2013, 47 (1) 349-354
2. Covaci, A.; Harrad, S.; Abdallah, M. A. E.; Ali, N.; Law, R. J.; Herzke, D.; de Wit, C. A. Novel brominated flame retardants: A review of their analysis, environmental fate and behaviour Environ. Int. 2011, 37 (2) 532-556
3. Sverko, E.; Tomy, G. T.; Reiner, E. J.; Li, Y. F.; McCarry, B. E.; Arnot, J. A.; Law, R. J.; Hites, R. A. Dechlorane Plus and related compounds in the environment: A review Environ. Sci. Technol. 2011, 45 (12) 5088-5098
4. Arinaitwe, K.; Muir, D. C. G.; Kiremire, B. T.; Fellin, P.; Li, H.; Teixeira, C. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers and alternative flame retardants in air and precipitation samples from the Northern Lake Victoria Region, East Africa Environ. Sci. Technol. 2014, 48 (3) 1458-1466
5. Salamova, A.; Hites, R. A. Discontinued and alternative brominated flame retardants in the atmosphere and precipitation from the Great Lakes Basin Environ. Sci. Technol. 2011, 45 (20) 8698-8706
6. Luo, X.; Chen, S.; Mai, B.; Fu, J. Advances in the study of current-use non-PBDE brominated flame retardants and dechlorane plus in the environment and humans Sci. China: Chem. 2010, 53 (5) 961-973
7. Yang, R. Q.; Wei, H.; Guo, J. H.; Li, A. Emerging brominated flame retardants in the sediment of the Great Lakes Environ. Sci. Technol. 2012, 46 (6) 3119-3126
8. La Guardia, M. J.; Hale, R. C.; Harvey, E.; Mainor, T. M.; Ciparis, S. In situ accumulation of HBCD, PBDEs, and several alternative flame-retardants in the bivalve (Corbicula fluminea) and gastropod (Elimia proxima) Environ. Sci. Technol. 2012, 46 (11) 5798-5805
9. Tian, M.; Chen, S. J.; Wang, J.; Shi, T.; Luo, X. J.; Mai, B. X. Atmospheric deposition of halogenated flame retardants at urban, e-waste, and rural locations in southern China Environ. Sci. Technol. 2011, 45 (11) 4696-4701
10. Chen, S. J.; Feng, A. H.; He, M. J.; Chen, M. Y.; Luo, X. J.; Mai, B. X. Current levels and composition profiles of PBDEs and alternative flame retardants in surface sediments from the Pearl River Delta, southern China: Comparison with historical data Sci. Total Environ. 2013, 444, 205-211
11. Shi, T.; Chen, S. J.; Luo, X. J.; Zhang, X. L.; Tang, C. M.; Luo, Y.; Ma, Y. J.; Wu, J. P.; Peng, X. Z.; Mai, B. X. Occurrence of brominated flame retardants other than polybrominated diphenyl ethers in environmental and biota samples from southern China Chemosphere 2009, 74 (7) 910-916
12. Liu, H. H.; Hu, Y. J.; Luo, P.; Bao, L. J.; Qiu, J. W.; Leung, K. M. Y.; Zeng, E. Y. Occurrence of halogenated flame retardants in sediment off an urbanized coastal zone: Association with urbanization and industrialization Environ. Sci. Technol. 2014, 48, 8465-8473
13. Zhu, B.; Lai, N. L. S.; Wai, T.-C.; Chan, L. L.; Lam, J. C. W.; Lam, P. K. S. Changes of accumulation profiles from PBDEs to brominated and chlorinated alternatives in marine mammals from the South China Sea Environ. Int. 2014, 66, 65-70
14. Wang, D. G.; Yang, M.; Qi, H.; Sverko, E.; Ma, W. L.; Li, Y. F.; Alaee, M.; Reiner, E. J.; Shen, L. An asia-specific source of Dechlorane Plus: Concentration, isomer profiles, and other related compounds Environ. Sci. Technol. 2010, 44 (17) 6608-6613
15. Venier, M.; Ma, Y. N.; Hites, R. A. Bromobenzene flame retardants in the Great Lakes atmosphere Environ. Sci. Technol. 2012, 46 (16) 8653-8660
16. Wu, J.-P.; Guan, Y.-T.; Zhang, Y.; Luo, X.-J.; Zhi, H.; Chen, S.-J.; Mai, B.-X. Several current-use, non-PBDE brominated flame retardants are highly bioaccumulative: Evidence from field determined bioaccumulation factors Environ. Int. 2011, 37 (1) 210-215
17. Szymanska, J. A. Hepatotoxicity of brominated benzenes: Relationship between chemical structure and hepatotoxic effects in acute intoxication of mice Arc. TOC 1998, 72 (2) 97-103
18. Ren, N. Q.; Sverko, E.; Li, Y. F.; Zhang, Z.; Harner, T.; Wang, D. G.; Wan, X. N.; McCarry, B. E. Levels and isomer profiles of Dechlorane Plus in Chinese air Environ. Sci. Technol. 2008, 42 (17) 6476-6480
19. Hoh, E.; Zhu, L. Y.; Hites, R. A. Dechlorane Plus, a chlorinated flame retardant, in the Great Lakes Environ. Sci. Technol. 2006, 40 (4) 1184-1189
20. Shen, L.; Reiner, E. J.; Macpherson, K. A.; Kolic, T. M.; Sverko, E.; Helm, P. A.; Bhavsar, S. P.; Brindle, I. D.; Marvin, C. H. Identification and screening analysis of halogenated norhornene flame retardants in the Laurentian Great Lakes: Dechloranes 602, 603, and 604 Environ. Sci. Technol. 2010, 44 (2) 760-766
21. M?ller, A.; Xie, Z. Y.; Sturm, R.; Ebinghaus, R. Large-scale distribution of Dechlorane Plus in air and seawater from the Arctic to Antarctica Environ. Sci. Technol. 2010, 44 (23) 8977-8982
22. Lee, S.; Song, G. J.; Kannan, K.; Moon, H. B. Occurrence of PBDEs and other alternative brominated flame retardants in sludge from wastewater treatment plants in Korea Sci. Total Environ. 2014, 470, 1422-1429
23. Subedi, B.; Lee, S.; Moon, H. B.; Kannan, K. Psychoactive pharmaceuticals in sludge and their emission from wastewater treatment facilities in Korea Environ. Sci. Technol. 2013, 47 (23) 13321-13329
24. Harrison, E. Z.; Oakes, S. R.; Hysell, M.; Hay, A. Organic chemicals in sewage sludges Sci. Total Environ. 2006, 367 (2-3) 481-497
25. Gorga, M.; Martinez, E.; Ginebreda, A.; Eljarrat, E.; Barcelo, D. Determination of PBDEs, HBB, PBEB, DBDPE, HBCD, TBBPA and related compounds in sewage sludge from Catalonia (Spain) Sci. Total Environ. 2013, 444, 51-59
26. Clarke, B. O.; Smith, S. R. Review of emerging organic contaminants in biosolids and assessment of international research priorities for the agricultural use of biosolids Environ. Int. 2011, 37 (1) 226-247
27. Baron, E.; Santin, G.; Eljarrat, E.; Barcelo, D. Occurrence of classic and emerging halogenated flame retardants in sediment and sludge from Ebro and Llobregat river basins (Spain) J. Hazard. Mater. 2014, 265, 288-295
28. Hwang, I. K.; Kang, H. H.; Lee, I. S.; Oh, J. E. Assessment of characteristic distribution of PCDD/Fs and BFRs in sludge generated at municipal and industrial wastewater treatment plants Chemosphere 2012, 88 (7) 888-894
29. Davis, E. F.; Klosterhaus, S. L.; Stapleton, H. M. Measurement of flame retardants and triclosan in municipal sewage sludge and biosolids Environ. Int. 2012, 40, 1-7
30. Ricklund, N.; Kierkegaard, A.; McLachlan, M. S. An international survey of decabromodiphenyl ethane (deBDethane) and decabromodiphenyl ether (decaBDE) in sewage sludge samples Chemosphere 2008, 73 (11) 1799-1804
31. De la Torre, A.; Concejero, M. A.; Martinez, M. A. Concentrations and sources of an emerging pollutant, decabromodiphenylethane (DBDPE), in sewage sludge for land application J. Envion. Sci. 2012, 24 (3) 558-563
32. De la Torre, A.; Sverko, E.; Alaee, M.; Martinez, M. A. Concentrations and sources of Dechlorane Plus in sewage sludge Chemosphere 2011, 82 (5) 692-697
33. Nyholm, J. R.; Grabic, R.; Arp, H. P. H.; Moskeland, T.; Andersson, P. L. Environmental occurrence of emerging and legacy brominated flame retardants near suspected sources in Norway Sci. Total Environ. 2013, 443, 307-314
34. Kierkegaard, A.; Bjorklund, J.; Friden, U. Identification of the flame retardant decabromodiphenyl ethane in the environment Environ. Sci. Technol. 2004, 38 (12) 3247-3253
35. Zhang, X. Y.; Lu, Q. Y. Production status and developing prospects of flame retardants China Plast Ind. 2011, 39, 1-5
36. Zhou, Z. M. Implement of administrative measure on the control of pollution caused by electronic information products and the exemption of deca-BDE mixture Chin. J. Flame Retard. Mater. Technol. 2006, 4, 15-16
37. Jiang, Y. Q. The status quo and development of brominated flame retardants Chin. J. Flame Retard. Mater. Technol. 2007, 2, 1-7
38. Flame Retardants, Chemical Insight and Forecasting: IHS Chemical. 2011. http://www.ihs.com/products/chemical/planning/scup/flame-retardants.aspx.
39. Zhu, B. Q.; Lam, J. C. W.; Yang, S. Y.; Lam, P. K. S. Conventional and emerging halogenated flame retardants (HFRs) in sediment of Yangtze River Delta (YRD) region, East China Chemosphere 2013, 93 (3) 555-560
40. Wu, J. P.; Guan, Y. T.; Zhang, Y.; Luo, X. J.; Zhi, H.; Chen, S. J.; Mai, B. X. Trophodynamics of hexabromocyclododecanes and several other non-PBDE brominated flame retardants in a freshwater food web Environ. Sci. Technol. 2010, 44 (14) 5490-5495
41. Wang, D. G.; Alaee, M.; Sverko, E.; Li, Y. F.; Reiner, E. J.; Shen, L. Analysis and occurrence of emerging chlorinated and brominated flame retardants in surficial sediment of the Dalian costal area in China J. Environ. Monit. 2011, 13 (11) 3104-3110
42. Yang, R. Q.; Wei, H.; Guo, J. H.; McLeod, C.; Li, A.; Sturchio, N. C. Historically and Currently Used Dechloranes in the Sediments of the Great Lakes Environ. Sci. Technol. 2011, 45 (12) 5156-5163
43. Zhang, H. D.; Wang, P.; Li, Y. M.; Shang, H. T.; Wang, Y. W.; Wang, T.; Zhang, Q. H.; Jiang, G. B. Assessment on the occupational exposure of manufacturing workers to Dechlorane Plus through blood and hair analysis Environ. Sci. Technol. 2013, 47 (18) 10567-10573
44. Brandsma, S. H.; van der Ven, L. T. M.; de Boer, J.; Leonards, P. E. G. Identification of hydroxylated metabolites of hexabromocyclododecane in wildlife and 28-days exposed wistar rats Environ. Sci. Technol. 2009, 43 (15) 6058-6063
45. Wang, Y. W.; Zhang, Q. H.; Lv, J. X.; Li, A.; Liu, H. X.; Li, G. G.; Jiang, G. B. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers and organochlorine pesticides in sewage sludge of wastewater treatment plants in China Chemosphere 2007, 68 (9) 1683-1691
46. Sun, J. T.; Liu, J. Y.; Liu, Q.; Ruan, T.; Yu, M.; Wang, Y. W.; Wang, T.; Jiang, G. B. Hydroxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers (OH-PBDEs) in biosolids from municipal wastewater treatment plants in China Chemosphere 2013, 90 (9) 2388-2395
47. Ruan, T.; Song, S. J.; Wang, T.; Liu, R. Z.; Lin, Y. F.; G.B, J. Identification and composition of emerging quaternary ammonium compounds in municipal sewage sludge in China Environ. Sci. Technol. 2014, 48 (8) 4289-4297
48. Zhou, Z. M. Brominated Flame Retardants: The main force for flame-retardant materials (in Chinese) Eng. Plast. Appl. 2006, 12) 41
49. Oh, J. K.; Kotani, K.; Managaki, S.; Masunaga, S. Levels and distribution of hexabromocyclododecane and its lower brominated derivative in Japanese riverine environment Chemosphere 2014, 109, 157-163
50. Abdallah, M. A. E.; Harrad, S. Personal exposure to HBCDs and its degradation products via ingestion of indoor dust Environ. Int. 2009, 35 (6) 870-876
51. Tomy, G. T.; Palace, V.; Marvin, C.; Stapleton, H. M.; Covaci, A.; Harrad, S. Biotransformation of HBCD in biological systems can confound temporal-trend studies Environ. Sci. Technol. 2011, 45, 364-365
52. Abdallah, M. A.; Uchea, C.; Chipman, J. K.; Harrad, S. Enantioselective biotransformation of hexabromocyclododecane by in vitro rat and trout hepatic sub-cellular fractions Environ. Sci. Technol. 2014, 48 (5) 2732-2740
53. Hakk, H.; Szabo, D. T.; Huwe, J.; Diliberto, J.; Birnbaum, L. S. Novel and distinct metabolites identified following a single oral dose of alpha- or gamma-hexabromocyclododecane in mice Environ. Sci. Technol. 2012, 46 (24) 13494-13503
54. Carignan, C. C.; Abdallah, M. A. E.; Wu, N.; Heiger-Bernays, W.; McClean, M. D.; Harrad, S.; Webster, T. F. Predictors of tetrabromobisphenol-A (TBBP-A) and hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCD) in milk from Boston mothers Environ. Sci. Technol. 2012, 46 (21) 12146-12153
55. Sverko, E.; Tomy, G. T.; Marvin, C. H.; Zaruk, D.; Reiner, E.; Helm, P. A.; Hill, B.; McCarry, B. E. Dechlorane Plus levels in sediment of the lower Great Lakes Environ. Sci. Technol. 2008, 42 (2) 361-366
56. Qi, H.; Liu, L. Y.; Jia, H. L.; Li, Y. F.; Ren, N. Q.; You, H.; Shi, X. Y.; Fan, L. L.; Ding, Y. S. Dechlorane Plus in surficial water and sediment in a northeastern Chinese river Environ. Sci. Technol. 2010, 44 (7) 2305-2308
57. Ma, W. L.; Liu, L. Y.; Hong, Q. A.; Sun, D. Z.; Shen, J. M.; Wang, D. G.; Li, Y. F. Dechlorane plus in multimedia in northeastern Chinese urban region Environ. Int. 2011, 37 (1) 66-70
58. Zhang, Y.; Wu, J. P.; Luo, X. J.; Wang, J.; Chen, S. J.; Mai, B. X. Tissue distribution of Dechlorane Plus and its dechlorinated analogs in contaminated fish: High affinity to the brain for anti-DP Environ. Pollut. 2011, 159 (12) 3647-3652
59. Munoz-Arnanz, J.; Saez, M.; Hiraldo, F.; Baos, R.; Pacepavicius, G.; Alaee, M.; Jimenez, B. Dechlorane plus and possible degradation products in white stork eggs from Spain Environ. Int. 2011, 37 (7) 1164-1168
60. Ben, Y. J.; Li, X. H.; Yang, Y. L.; Li, L.; Zheng, M. Y.; Wang, W. Y.; Xu, X. B. Placental transfer of Dechlorane Plus in mother-infant pairs in an e-waste recycling area (Wenling, China) Environ. Sci. Technol. 2014, 48, 5187-5193
61. Zhao, Z.; Zhong, G. C.; M?ller, A.; Xie, Z. Y.; Sturm, R.; Ebinghaus, R.; Tang, J. H.; Zhang, G. Levels and distribution of Dechlorane Plus in coastal sediments of the Yellow Sea, North China Chemosphere 2011, 83 (7) 984-990
62. Kuch, B.; Schneider, C.; Metzger, J.; Weber, R. Hexabromobenzene and pentabromophenol in German sewage sludge-Indication of significant commercial use Organohalog. Compd. 2005, 67, 434-437
63. Guerra, P.; Eljarrat, E.; Barcelo, D. Simultaneous determination of hexabromocyclododecane, tetrabromobisphenol A, and related compounds in sewage sludge and sediment samples from Ebro River basin (Spain) Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 2010, 397 (7) 2817-2824
64. Law, R. J.; Allchin, C. R.; de Boer, J.; Covaci, A.; Herzke, D.; Lepom, P.; Morris, S.; Tronczynski, J.; de Wit, C. A. Levels and trends of brominated flame retardants in the European environment Chemosphere 2006, 64 (2) 187-208
65. Kupper, T.; de Alencastro, L. F.; Gatsigazi, R.; Furrer, R.; Grandjean, D.; Tarradellas, J. Concentrations and specific loads of brominated flame retardants in sewage sludge Chemosphere 2008, 71 (6) 1173-1180
66. Morris, S.; Allchin, C. R.; Zegers, B. N.; Haftka, J. J. H.; Boon, J. P.; Belpaire, C.; Leonards, P. E. G.; Van Leeuwen, S. P. J.; De Boer, J. Distributon and fate of HBCD and TBBPA brominated flame retardants in north sea estuaries and aquatic food webs Environ. Sci. Technol. 2004, 38 (21) 5497-5504
67. Persistent Organic Pollutants Review Committee, Risk Profile on Hexabromocyclododecanes, UNEP/POPS/POPRC.6/13/Add.2; Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants: Geneva, 2010.
68. Ministry of Environment (MOE). List of Nationwide Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants Facilities in 2013, Beijing, China (in Chinese): Ministry of Environment (000014672/2014-00326). 2014.
69. Dong, J.; Zhai, Y. C.; Liu, S. H.; Liu, M. Present situation and development tendency of sludge land application of wastewater treatment plants (in Chinese) Ind. Saf. Environ. Prot. 2013, 39 (4) 43-45