In vitro eugenics

Journal of Medical Ethics

Volumn 40, Issue 11, 2014, Pages 725-731

  Sparrow, Robert ^a  

^a MONASH UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CYTOLOGY; ETHICS; FEMALE; GENETIC ENGINEERING; GENETIC ENHANCEMENT; HUMAN; HUMAN GENOME; IN VITRO STUDY; MALE; SAFETY; SPERMATOZOON; STANDARDS; STEM CELL; TRENDS;

FEMALE; GENETIC ENGINEERING; GENETIC ENHANCEMENT; GENOME, HUMAN; HUMANS; IN VITRO TECHNIQUES; MALE; SAFETY; SPERMATOZOA; STEM CELLS;

EID: 84908573685     PISSN: 03066800     EISSN: 14734257     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1136/medethics-2012-101200     Document Type: Article

References (50)

1. Gkountela S, Lindgren A, Clark AT. Pluripotent stem cells in reproductive medicine: formation of the human germ line in vitro. In: Appasani K, Appasani RK, eds. Stem cells®enerative medicine. New York: Springer Science+Business Media, 2011:371-86.
2. Hayashi K, Ohta H, Kurimoto K, et al. Reconstitution of the mouse germ cell specification pathway in culture by pluripotent stem cells. Cell 2011;146:519-32.
3. Hayashi K, Ogushi S, Kurimoto K, et al. Offspring from oocytes derived from in vitro primordial germ cell-like cells in mice. Science 2012;338:971-5.
4. Mathews DJH, Donovan PJ, Harris J, et al. Pluripotent stem cell-derived gametes: truth and ( potential) consequences. Cell Stem Cell 2009;5:11-14.
5. Whittaker P. Stem cells to gametes: how far should we go? Hum Fertil 2007;10:1-5.
6. Bourne H, Douglas T, Savulescu J. Procreative beneficence and in vitro gametogenesis. Monash Bioeth Rev 2012;30:29-48.
7. Hubner K, Fuhrmann G, Christenson LK, et al. Derivation of oocytes from mouse embryonic stem cells. Science 2003;300:1251-6.
8. Kerkis A, Fonseca SAS, Serafim RC, et al. In vitro differentiation of male mouse embryonic stem cells into both presumptive sperm cells and oocytes. Cloning Stem Cells 2007;9:535-48.
9. Nagano MC. In vitro gamete derivation from pluripotent stem cells: progress and perspective. Biol Reprod 2007;76:546-51.
10. Hua J, Sidhu K. Recent advances in the derivation of germ cells from the embryonic stem cells. Stem Cells Dev 2008;17:399-412.
11. Marques-Mari AI, Lacham-Kaplan O, Medrano JV, et al. Differentiation of germ cells and gametes from stem cells. Hum Reprod Update 2009;15:379-90.
12. Nayernia K, Nolte J, Michelmann HW, et al. In vitro-differentiated embryonic stem cells give rise to male gametes that can generate offspring mice. Dev Cell 2006;11:125-32.
13. Imamura M, Aoi T, Tokumasu A, et al. Induction of primordial germ cells from mouse induced pluripotent stem cells derived from adult hepatocytes. Mol Reprod Dev 2010;77:802-11.
14. Kee K, Angeles VT, Flores M, et al. Human DAZL, DAZ and BOULE genes modulate primordial germ-cell and haploid gamete formation. Nature 2009;462:222-5.
15. Panula S, Medrano JV, Kee K, et al. Human germ cell differentiation from fetal- and adult-derived induced pluripotent stem cells. Hum Mol Genet 2010;20:752-62.
16. Park TS, Galic Z, Conway AE, et al. Derivation of primordial germ cells from human embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells is significantly improved by coculture with human fetal gonadal cells. Stem Cells 2009;27:783-95.
17. Clark AT. Egg-citing advances in generating primordial germ cells in the laboratory. Biol Reprod 2010;82:233-4.
18. Mertes H, Pennings G. Embryonic stem cell derived gametes and genetic parenthood: a problematic relationship. Camb Q Healthc Ethics 2008;17:7-14.
19. Testa G, Harris J. Ethics and synthetic gametes. Bioethics 2005;19:146-66.
20. Westphal SP. The next IVF revolution? New Sci 2003;178:4-5.
21. Kono T, Obata Y, Wu Q, et al. Birth of parthenogenetic mice that can develop to adulthood. Nature 2004;428:860-4.
22. Lippman A, Newman SA. The ethics of deriving gametes from ES cells. Science 2005;307:515.
23. Newson AJ, Smajdor AC. Artificial gametes: New paths to parenthood? J Med Ethics 2005;31:184-6.
24. Weiss R. Development in mice raises issues for human reproduction. Washington Post 2003:A12.
25. Testa G, Harris J. Genetics: ethical aspects of ES cell-derived gametes. Science 2004;305:1719.
26. Stojkovic M, Lako M, Strachan T, et al. Derivation, growth and applications of human embryonic stem cells. Reproduction 2004;128:259-67.
27. Thomson JA, Itskovitz-Eldor J, Shapiro SS, et al. Embryonic stem cell lines derived from human blastocysts. Science 1998;282:1145-7.
28. Takahashi K, Tanabe K, Ohnuki M, et al. Induction of pluripotent stem cells from adult human fibroblasts by defined factors. Cell 2007;131:861-72.
29. Sparrow R. Orphaned at conception: the uncanny offspring of embryos. Bioethics 2012;26:173-81.
30. McMahan J. Killing embryos for stem cell research. Metaphilosophy 2007;38:170-89.
31. Daxinger L, Whitelaw E. Transgenerational epigenetic inheritance: More questions than answers. Genome Res 2010;20:1623-8.
32. Skinner MK. Environmental epigenetic transgenerational inheritance and somatic epigenetic mitotic stability. Epigenetics 2011;6:838-42.
33. Hayashi K, Surani MA. Resetting the epigenome beyond pluripotency in the germline. Cell Stem Cell 2009;4:493-8.
34. Steinbock B. Respect for human embryos. In: Steinbock B, Arras D, London A, eds. Ethical issues in modern medicine. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2003:668-72.
35. Annas GJ, Caplan A, Elias S. The politics of human-embryo research-avoiding ethical gridlock. N Engl J Med 1996;334:1329-32.
36. Robertson JA. Ethics and policy in embryonic stem cell research. Kennedy Inst Ethics J 1999;9:109-36.
37. Cummings AM, Kavlock RJ. Function of sexual glands and mechanism of sex differentiation. J Toxicol Sci 2004;29:167-78.
38. Kerkis I, Mendes CM, Fonseca SAS, et al. Actual achievements on germ cells and gametes derived from pluripotent stem cells. In: Atwood C, ed. Embryonic stem cells-recent advances in pluripotent stem cell-based regenerative medicine. InTech, 2011. doi: 10.5772/14311. http://www.intechopen.com/books/embryonic-stemcells-recent-advances-in-pluripotent-stem-cell-based-regenerative-medicine/actualachievements-on-germ-cells-and-gametes-derived-from-pluripotent-stem-cells. (accessed 6 Jun 2012).
39. Harris J. Enhancing evolution: the ethical case for making better people. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2007.
40. Savulescu J. Procreative beneficience: Why we should select the best children. Bioethics 2001;15:413-26.
41. Savulescu J. New breeds of humans: the moral obligation to enhance. Reprod Biomed Online 2005;10:36-9.
42. Savulescu J, Kahane G. The moral obligation to create children with the best chance of the best life. Bioethics 2009;23:274-90.
43. Allen VM, Wilson RD, Cheung A, et al. Pregnancy outcomes after assisted reproductive technology. J Obstet Gynaecol Can 2006;28:220-50.
44. Hawes SM, Sapienza C, Latham KE. Ooplasmic donation in humans. Hum Reprod 2002;17:850-2.
45. Burley J, Harris J. Human cloning and child welfare. J Med Ethics 1999;25:108-13.
46. Golombok S, MacCallum F, Goodman E. The "test-tube" generation: parent-child relationships and the psychological well-being of in vitro fertilization children at adolescence. Child Dev 2001;72:599-608.
47. Golombok S, Jadva V, Lycett E, et al. Families created by gamete donation: follow-up at age 2. Hum Reprod 2005;20:286-93.
48. Golombok S. Unusual families. Reprod Biomed Online 2005;10:9-12.
49. Velleman JD. Family history. Phil Papers 2005;34:357-78.
50. Sparrow R. A not-so-new eugenics: Harris and Savulescu on human enhancement. Hastings Cent Rep 2011;41:32-42.