Endophthalmitis following pars plana vitrectomy: A literature review of incidence, causative organisms, and treatment outcomes

Clinical Ophthalmology

Volumn 8, Issue , 2014, Pages 2183-2188

  Dave, Vivek Pravin ^a   Pathengay, Avinash ^a   Schwartz, Stephen G ^b   Flynn, Harry W ^b  

^a L V PRASAD EYE INSTITUTE   (India)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI MILLER SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

Endophthalmitis; Pars plana vitrectomy; Prophylaxis; Risk factors; Sutureless vitrectomy; Visual outcome

Indexed keywords

ANTIBIOTIC AGENT; BEVACIZUMAB; DEXAMETHASONE; TRIAMCINOLONE;

BACILLUS CEREUS; BACTERIUM CONTAMINATION; CILIARY DISK; COAGULASE NEGATIVE STAPHYLOCOCCUS; DIABETES MELLITUS; ENDOPHTHALMITIS; ENDOTAMPONADE; ENTEROCOCCUS FAECALIS; HUMAN; INCIDENCE; INTRAOCULAR HYPOTENSION; LEARNING CURVE; METHICILLIN RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS; PARS PLANA VITRECTOMY; PEROPERATIVE CARE; PREOPERATIVE CARE; PROPIONIBACTERIUM ACNES; PSEUDOMONAS; RETINA DETACHMENT; REVIEW; SCLEROTOMY; STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS; TRANSCONJUNCTIVAL SUTURELESS VITRECTOMY; TREATMENT OUTCOME; VISUAL ACUITY; VITRECTOMY; VITREOUS DISEASE; VITREOUS INCARCERATION; WOUND CLOSURE;

EID: 84908551250     PISSN: 11775467     EISSN: 11775483     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2147/OPTH.S71293     Document Type: Review

References (46)

1. Ferro JF, de Pablos M, Logrono MJ, et al. Postoperative contamination after using vancomycin and gentamicin during phacoemulsification. Arch Ophthalmol. 1997; 115: 165-170.
2. Aaberg TM Jr, Flynn HW Jr, Murray TG. Intraocular ceftazidime as an alternative to the aminoglycosides in the treatment of endophthalmitis. Arch Ophthalmol. 1994; 12: 18-19.
3. Kattan HM, Flynn HW Jr, Pflugfelder SC, et al. Nosocomial endophthalmitis survey: current incidence of infection after intraocular surgery. Ophthalmology. 1991; 98: 227-238.
4. Hughes DS, Hill RJ. Infectious endophthalmitis after cataract surgery. Br J Ophthalmol. 1994; 78: 227-232.
5. McCannel CA. Meta-analysis of endophthalmitis after intravitreal injection of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents. Causative organisms and possible treatment strategies. Retina. 2011; 31: 654-661.
6. Ho PC, Tolentino FI. Bacterial endophthalmitis after closed vitrectomy. Arch Ophthalmol. 1984; 102: 207-210.
7. Aaberg TM, Flynn HW Jr, Schiffman J, Newton J. Nosocomial acute-onset postoperative endophthalmitis survey. A 10-yr review of incidences and outcomes. Ophthalmology. 1998; 105: 1004-1010.
8. Cohen SM, Flynn HW Jr, Murray TG, Smiddy WE. Endophthalmitis after pars plana vitrectomy. The post vitrectomy endophthalmitis study group. Ophthalmology. 1995; 102: 702-712.
9. Zhang S, Ding X, Hu J, Gao R. [Clinical features of endophthalmitis after vitreoretinal surgery]. Yan Ke Xue Bao. 2003; 19: 39-43. Chinese.
10. Eifrig CW, Scott IU, Flynn HW Jr, Smiddy WE, Newton J. Endophthalmitis after pars plana vitrectomy: incidence, causative organisms, and visual acuity outcomes. Am J Ophthalmol. 2004; 138: 799-802.
11. Joondeph BC, Blanc JP, Polkinghorne PJ. Endophthalmitis after pars plana vitrectomy: a New Zealand experience. Retina. 2005; 25: 587-589.
12. Mollan SP, Mollan AJ, Konstantinos C, Durrani OM, Butler L. Incidence of endophthalmitis following vitreoretinal surgery. Int Ophthalmol. 2009; 29: 203-205.
13. Wykoff CC, Parrott MB, Flynn HW Jr, et al. Nosocomial acuteonset postoperative endophthalmitis at a university teaching hospital. 2010; 150: 392-398.
14. Taylor SR, Aylward GW. Endophthalmitis following 25-gauge vitrectomy. Eye. 2005; 19: 1228-1229.
15. Kunimoto DY, Kaiser RS; Wills Retina Service. Incidence of endophthalmitis after 20 and 25 gauge vitrectomy. Ophthalmology. 2007; 114: 2133-2137.
16. Shaikh S, Ho S, Richmond PP, Olson JC, Barnes CD. Untoward outcomes in 25-gauge versus 20-gauge vitreoretinal surgery. Retina. 2007; 27: 1048-1053.
17. Chen JK, Khurana RN, Nguyen QD, Do DV. The incidence of endophthalmitis following transconjunctival sutureless 25 vs 20 gauge vitrectomy. Eye. 2009; 23: 780-784.
18. Scott IU, Flynn HW Jr, Dev S, et al. Endophthalmitis after 25 gauge and 20 gauge pars plana vitrectomy: incidence and outcomes. Retina. 2008; 28: 138-142.
19. Shimada H, Nakashizuka H, Hattori T, Mori R, Mizutani Y, Yuzawa M. Incidence of endophthalmitis after 20 and 25 gauge vitrectomy: causes and prevention. Ophthalmology. 2008; 115: 2215-2220.
20. Hu AYH, Bourges JL, Shah SP, et al. Endophthalmitis after pars plana vitrectomy. Ophthalmology. 2009; 116: 1360-1365.
21. Scott IU, Flynn HW Jr, Acar N, et al. Incidence of endophthalmitis after 20-gauge vs 23-gauge vs 25-gauge pars plana vitrectomy. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2011; 249: 377-380.
22. Parolini B, Romanelli F, Prigione G, Pertile G. Incidence of endophthalmitis in a large series of 23-gauge and 20-gauge transconjunctival pars plana vitrectomy. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2009; 247: 895-898.
23. Haas A, Seidel G, Steinbrugger I, et al. Twenty-three-gauge and 20-gauge vitrectomy in epiretinal membrane surgery. Retina. 2010; 30: 112-116.
24. Park JC, Ramasamy B, Shaw S, Prasad S, Ling RH. A prospective and nationwide study investigating endophthalmitis following pars plana vitrectomy: incidence and risk factors. Br J Ophthalmol. 2014; 94: 529-533.
25. Wykoff CC, Flynn HW Jr, Han DP. Allergy to povidone-iodine and cephalosporins: the clinical dilemma in ophthalmic usage. Am J Ophthalmol. 2011; 151: 4-6.
26. Aylward GW. Sutureless vitrectomy. Ophthalmologica. 2011; 225: 67-75.
27. Fujii GY, De Juan E, Humayun MS, et al. Initial experience using the transconjunctival sutureless vitrectomy system for vitreoretinal surgery. Ophthalmology. 2002; 109: 1814-1820.
28. Acar N, Kapran Z, Unver Y, Altan T, Ozdogan S. Early postoperative hypotony after 25-gauge sutureless vitrectomy with straight incisions. Retina. 2008; 28: 545-552.
29. Chen D, Lian Y, Cui L, Lu F, Ke Z, Song Z. Sutureless vitrectomy incision architecture in the immediate post-operative period evaluated in vivo using optical coherence tomography. Ophthalmology. 2010; 117: 2003-2009.
30. Gupta OP, Maguire JI, Eagle RC Jr, et al. The competency of pars plana vitrectomy incisions: a comparative histologic and spectrophotometric analysis. Am J Ophthalmol. 2009; 147: 243-250.
31. Singh RP, Bando H, Brasil OF, et al. Evaluation of wound closure using different incision techniques with 23-gauge and 25-gauge microincision vitrectomy systems. Retina. 2008; 28: 242-248.
32. Thompson JT. Advantages and limitations of small gauge vitrectomy. Surv Ophthalmol. 2011; 56: 162-172.
33. Meredith TA. Antimicrobial pharmacokinetics in endophthalmitis treatment: studies of ceftazidime. Trans Am Ophthalmol. 1993; 91: 653-699.
34. Kaiser RS, Prenner J, Scott IU, et al. The Microsurgical Safety Task Force: evolving guidelines for minimizing the risk of endophthalmitis associated with microincisional vitrectomy surgery. Retina. 2010; 30: 692-699.
35. Nagpal M, Wartikar S, Nagpal K. Comparisons of clinical outcomes and wound dynamics of sclerotomy ports of 20, 23, and 25 gauge vitrectomy. Retina. 2009; 29: 225-231.
36. Chen SD, Mohammed Q, Bowling B, Patel CK. Vitreous wick syndrome-a potential cause of endophthalmitis after intravitreal injection of triamcinolone through the pars plana. Am J Ophthalmol. 2004; 137: 1159-1160.
37. Chiang A, Kaiser R, Avery R, et al. Endophthalmitis in microincision vitrectomy. Outcomes of gas-filled eyes. Retina. 2011; 31: 1513-1517.
38. Tominaga A, Oshima Y, Wakabayashi T, Sakaguchi H, Hori Y, Maeda N. Bacterial contamination of the vitreous cavity associated with transconjunctival 25-gauge microincision vitrectomy surgery. Ophthalmology. 2010; 117: 811-817.
39. Fujii GY, Juan E Jr, Humayun MS, et al. A new 25-gauge instrument system for transconjunctival sutureless vitrectomy surgery. Ophthalmology. 2002; 109: 1807-1812.
40. Abi-Ayad N, Gambrelle J, Duquesne N, Fleury J, Grange JD, Kodjikian L. [Endophthalmitis after plana vitrectomy: incidence, microbiology and visual outcomes]. J Fr Ophthalmol. 2007; 30: 397-402. French.
41. Wu L, Berrocal MH, Arévalo JF, Carpentier C, et al. Endophthalmitis after pars plana vitrectomy: results of the Pan American Collaborative Retina Study Group. Retina. 2011; 31: 673-678.
42. Oshima Y, Kadonosono K, Yamaji H, et al. Multicenter survey with a systematic overview of acute-onset endophthalmitis after transconjunctival microincision vitrectomy surgery. Japan Microincision Vitrectomy Surgery Study Group. Am J Ophthalmol. 2010; 150: 716-725. e1.
43. Wani VB, Al Sabti K, Kumar N, et al. Endophthalmitis after vitrectomy and vitrectomy combined with phacoemulsification: incidence and visual outcomes. Eur J Ophthalmol. 2009; 19: 1044-1049.
44. Taban M, Ufret-Vincenty RL, Sears JE. Endophthalmitis after 25-gauge transconjunctival sutureless vitrectomy. Retina. 2006; 26: 830-831.
45. Sakamoto T, Enaida H, Kubota T, et al. Incidence of acute endophthalmitis after triamcinolone-assisted pars plana vitrectomy. Am J Ophthalmol. 2004; 138: 137-138.
46. Mutoh T, Kadoya K, Chikuda M. Four cases of endophthalmitis after 25-gauge pars plana vitrectomy. Clin Ophthalmol. 2012; 6: 1393-1397.